Browsing by Author
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Macomber, Marci (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Recent peace processes have led to the demobilisation of tens of thousands of children from armed groups around the world. An understanding of the initial motivations and subsequent experiences of these children is crucial in ensuring that their needs are met once they are safe from harm. This understanding is largely informed by the work of international human rights organisations (HROs). While these organisations are working for the good of the children, they will also always have an element of self-interest in sustaining their activities. This study draws upon an analytical framework that combines elements of framing theory and discourse analysis. Using this framework as both a theoretical and methodological tool, the study examines how the understanding of child soldiers is constructed by leading HROs, particularly with respect to their exercise of agency, and seeks to critique these representations against alternative perspectives. The dissertation then explores both the potential ways in which the discourse could be seen to work in the interests of the organisations by appealing to various social structures and the extent to which it serves the best interest of the child. The study concludes by arguing that the HRO discourse is not dismissive of agency, but that the impact of their work on the well-being of demobilised child soldiers would benefit from the adoption of a more direct and consistent approach in this regard. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3508 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (461.9Kb) -
Madamombe, Loveness (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2002)[+][-]
Abstract: Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) was introduced from Lake Tanganyika into the man-made Lake Kariba, where it now supports a large and viable fishery for Zimbabwe and Zambia who share the lake. The challenge for this paper has been to investigate whether the viability of the kapenta fishery is dependent upon biological factor or economic parameters. The Pella and Tomlinson surplus production model (Pella and Tomlinson, 1967) was used, and parameterised by historical catch and effort data in addition to individual growth parameters. 1994 data was referred to as the current data. In the analysis three reference points were used, Maximum sustainable yield (MSY), Maximum economic yield (MEY) and Open access (OA) equilibriums. Prices and costs were varied to see the sensitivity of the fishery to these two variables, based on the reference points. MSY yield and effort which is the same for both countries was found to be 23 336 tonnes and 725 rigs at the age of first capture of four months. MEY yield and effort is 22 854 tonnes and 475 rigs for Zimbabwe and 22 181 tonnes and 500 rigs for Zambia. Resource rent at MSY is ZW$273 000 and ZK26Million and at MEY it is ZW$316 000 and ZK28Million. Current (1994) effort levels were shown to be close to MSY effort levels. OA effort levels are shown to be three times the current effort; trends in the fishery also show that effort levels are on the decrease, indicating that OA is not a threat to this fishery. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/336 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (206.8Kb) -
Madry, Henning; Grün, Ulrich Wolfgang; Knutsen, Gunnar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Articular cartilage defects are most often caused by trauma and osteoarthritis and less commonly by metabolic disorders of the subchondral bone, such as osteonecrosis and osteochondritis dissecans. Such defects do not heal spontaneously in adults and can lead to secondary osteoarthritis. Medications are indicated for symptomatic relief. Slow-acting drugs in osteo - arthritis (SADOA), such as glucosamine and chondroitin, are thought to prevent cartilage degeneration. Reconstructive surgical treatment strategies aim to form a repair tissue or to unload compartments of the joint with articular cartilage damage. In this article, we selectively review the pertinent literature, focusing on original publications of the past 5 years and older standard texts. Particular attention is paid to guidelines and clinical studies with a high level of evidence, along with review articles, clinical trials, and book chapters. There have been only a few randomized trials of medical versus surgical treatments. Pharmacological therapies are now available that are intended to treat the cartilage defect per se, rather than the associated symptoms, yet none of them has yet been shown to slow or reverse the progres sion of cartilage destruction. Surgical débridement of cartilage does not prevent the progression of osteoarthritis and is thus not recommended as the sole treatment. Marrow-stimulating procedures and osteochondral grafts are indicated for small focal articular cartilage defects, while autologous chondrocyte implantationis mainly indicated for larger cartilage defects. These surgical reconstructive techniques play a lesser role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteotomy near the knee joint is indicated for axial realignment when unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee causes axis deviation. Surgical reconstructive techniques can improve joint func tion and thereby postpone the need for replacement of the articular surface with an artificial joint. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3966 File(s) in this item: 1
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Madsen, Henriette Otterlei; Støen, Ingrid Jenvin (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-Sep-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Bakgrunn Gode kommunikasjonsferdigheter er viktig i forholdet mellom pasient og lege. På medisinstudiet i Tromsø starter undervisningen i kommunikasjonsferdigheter allerede på første semester, og det er viet mye tid i løpet av studiet til å tilegne seg ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og undersøkelse. Flere ulike typer obligatoriske undervisningselementer brukes for å tilegne seg disse ferdighetene. Vi ønsket med denne oppgaven å se nærmere på undervisningen i kommunikasjonsferdigheter og undersøkelsesferdigheter ved medisinstudiet i Tromsø på 5.års utplassering i sykehus og allmennpraksis. Vårt hovedfokus var å undersøke hvilke læringsmetoder som gir best læringsutbytte i kommunikasjon og undersøkelsesferdigheter. I tillegg har vi sett på om studentenes selvevaluerte ferdigheter og holdninger til å lære kommunikasjonsferdigheter endres i løpet av praksis. Metode og materiale Vi gjennomførte en spørreundersøkelse med et elektronisk spørreskjema før og etter 5. årsutplasseringen blant studentene som var i sitt femte studieår i 2009-2010. Spørreundersøkelsen ble sendt ut til 76 studenter med 55 respondenter før utplasseringen, og 56 respondenter etter utplasseringen. Resultatene ble analysert ved hjelp av statistikkprogrammet SPSS. Resultater Studentene får økte ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og undersøkelsesmetodikk i løpet av 5.årspraksisen. Studentene skåret sine kommunikasjonsferdigheter bedre enn sine undersøkelsesferdigheter. Allmennpraksis vurderes som mer nyttig for å lære kommunikasjonsferdigheter. Læringselementene "å snakke med pasienter" etterfulgt av "å bli evaluert av veileder" angir studentene som mest nyttig for å lære kommunikasjonsferdigheter. For best mulig å lære undersøkelsesferdigheter angir studentene "å bli evaluert av praksislærer" etterfulgt av "å snakke med pasienter". I løpet av praksisperioden får ikke studentene økte positive holdninger til kommunikasjon. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2860 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (329.1Kb) -
Madsen, Janne (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 09-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Stadig er det fokus på å forbedre undervisningen på skolen. Det brukes mye tid, energi og ressurser på å utvikle skolen. Men det blir ingen utvikling om ikke lærerne er aktivt engasjert i prosjektet. I dette arbeidet forskes det på læreres læring i et skoleutviklingsprosjekt, ved en skole som arbeider med utvikling og forbedring av læringsmiljøet. Resultatene fra dette forskningsarbeidet viser at først når lærerne selv opplever at de ”eier” prosjektet, og ser en verdi i å søke mot felles mål og visjoner, blir det framdrift i arbeidet. Kunnskap om å lære på arbeidsplassen og om å organisere situasjoner hvor denne læringen kan støttes, er viktig både for den enkelte deltakeren og for skolen som organisasjon. Avhandlingen konkluderer bl.a. med at den typen kunnskap kan være et viktig element i etter- og videreutdanning av lærere. Avhandlingen viser at lærernes engasjement er en veldig viktig faktor i skoleutviklingsarbeidet. Prosessen frem til at det nye blir en naturlig del av hverdagen kan være lang og kjennetegnet av store svingninger. Både elever og lærere må lære i dagligdagen i skolen. Kunnskap om dette er nødvendig både for den enkelte læreren, for skolenes arbeidsteam og for lærernes læring på arbeidsplassen slik at mulighetene for tiltak innenfor eget handlingsrom økes. Aksjonsforskning Aksjonsforskning er en strategi i Madsens arbeid. Hun har vært veileder og deltakende observatør i et prosjekt på Fjellfjord skole, en liten fådelt skole i Nord-Norge. Utviklingsprosjektet på skolen var organisert som et aksjonslæringsprosjekt hvor både lærere, rektor og hun som forsker har innflytelse på hva prosjektet skal fokusere på. Kommunikasjon mellom deltakerne er viktig i et slikt prosjekt, og ett av funnene i forskningen viser at kommunikasjonsmåte kan være avgjørende for prosessen. Vi opplevde at lærere ble fortere og mer engasjerte i samtalene når vi brukte en fortellende form, fremfor en mer tradisjonell formidling av observasjoner. Det var også lettere å kommunisere på tvers av yrkesgrensene og skape mer likeverdig kommunikasjon med bruk av fortellinger. Vi har gjennomført et aksjonsforskningsprosjekt hvor både Fjellfjord skole som deltakende skolen og forskningsmiljøet har hatt gjensidig nytte av arbeidet. Det har vært et konkret utviklingsarbeid på skolen, samtidig som det har kommet fram kunnskap om faktorer som kan ha betydning i det å oppnå resultat i skoleutviklingsarbeid. Likevel må man erkjenne at det fremdeles er mye som kan og kanskje bør forskes på. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1637 File(s) in this item: 1
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Madsen, Susanne Fomsgaard (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 28-Apr-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: Opgaven giver et glimt af et moderne Grønland og med en kort beskrivelse af kolonihistorien introduseres læseren overfor nogen af de vigtige faktorer som spiller en rolle i konstruktionen af den kulturelle og sociale person i Grønland. Ved at stille mig kritisk til begreber som deling, generøstitet og den sociale person i fællesskaber, forklarer jeg, hvad det betyder når jeg siger, at at bidrage er vigtigt i konstruktionen af den sociale grønlandske person. Ved at observere to typer af praksisser, deling af fangst og kaffesamvær er jeg blevet gjort opmærksom på nogen værdier som præger de grønlandske fællesskaber. Disse fællsesskaber og værdier er fokus for min opgave. I mit forsøg på at forstå disse fællesskaber og limet som holder dem sammen, er jeg indenom flere begreber. At hjælpe, imødekommenhed og generøsitet, men disse syntes bare at beskrive et lille aspekt ved denne værdi eller praksis. Jeg konkluderer med at det at bidrage bedst beskriver det jeg ser. Og i opgaven forklarer jeg, hvordan det at være en bidrager og at byde på sig selv er et vigtigt aspekt ved grønlandske fællesskaber. Description: Dette er en hovedoppgave. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/433 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (8.104Mb) -
Madsen, Trond Olav S.; Kristiansen, Stian (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-Sep-2005)[+][-]
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Maguza-Tembo, Francis (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2002)[+][-]
Abstract: Increased attention has been paid over recent years to the Over exploitation of small-scale fishery resources. This paper offers a simple bio-economic model of fishery exploitation orientated towards both Lake Malombe Chambo (Oreochromis sp.) and the Whole Lake Malombe Fishery. The catching of Chambo in Lake Malombe has historically been important to Malawi Fisheries, and the changes that have taken place in the Fishery have had major social and economic consequences on communities around the Lake. Bioeconomic exploration of this fishery has been based on the catch, effort and price data from 1976 to 1999. It has been demonstrated here that, Chambo. Fishery provides a unique illustration of the economic and biological effects of technological (gear type) change in situations where access to the natural resource remains virtually unrestricted (open access). The components of the model are explained with reference to their guiding economic (Maximum Economic Yield) and biological (Maximum Sustainable Yield) reference points. And it is estimated in the study that if yield of Chambo falls below 6900 tons and 14 621 tons for the Whole fishery, then the rate at which the population regenerates itself falls below the rate of extraction. The paper also draws the problem of effort over capacity as the current capacity exceeds, by a wide margin, the capacity that would be required to harvest a sustained yield. In addition to the over capacity is the problem of selectivity in the gear types. Such over capacity and non-selectivity in fishing gear makes control of catch and efforts difficult and threatens the fishery. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/243 File(s) in this item: 1
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Mahmoud, Herem Fatih (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 21-Jun-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: This thesis is part of a randomized controlled trial at the University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN). The aim of the thesis was to get a deeper understanding of how patients experience pharmaceutical follow-up and to examine the factors that the patient perspective is of importance in the follow-up. This study included 4 patients with cardiovascular disease, and was based on qualitative research methods to understand the patient’s experiences with the follow-up through a depth interview. A hermeneutic approach was used in the analysis and interpretation of the interview. The results of this study were presented in the form of empiricism close headlines which was then discussed. Interpretation of the informants stories are held up toward previous research and theoretical perspectives like empowerment and paternalism. The informants were positive toward pharmaceutical follow-up and believed they had learned both about their drugs and their diseases. This has given the patients a feeling of safety in everyday life. Another important factor that emerged in this work was the importance that the pharmacist spending enough time in conversation with the patient. Patients wanted more time with the general practitioner (GP) doctor, but also expressed that through collaboration between pharmacist and GP the need for medical information could be reduced. Informants also mentioned that it is important for the pharmacist to highlight their role both in a pharmacy and other places, such as in hospital wards. This thesis has discussed experiences with pharmaceutical follow-up of informants with heart disease. It can help to provide a practical basis for the establishment of pharmaceutical follow-up. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2754 File(s) in this item: 1
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Majid Alwan, Ahmed (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 11-Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with diabetes; hypertension is prominent in diabetic patients. In 2003 a pharmacist-led cardiovascular risk reduction clinic was established to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of outcome measures to inform a future prospective study to evaluate the pharmacist-led clinic and to measure the impact of the clinic on cardiovascular risk reduction. A spreadsheet was designed to be populated with patients’ information from patients attending the pharmacist-led clinic and the usual care. The process of data collection was performed retrospectively by case note review. Forty five patients were included in the intervention group (pharmacist's patients) and 42 in the control group (doctor's patients). There were significant differences in duration of diabetes (p=0.003), HbA1c (p=0.026) and number of comorbidities (p0.022) at baseline. The reduction in SBP was significant (p=0.0088) and the number of patients reaching target BP was significant (p =0.0036). Reduction in DBP, ACR and total cholesterol was insignificant. There was a significant difference in the number of antihypertensives started or increased (p<0.001) and a significant difference in the number of medication related problems actioned (p=0.0058). Reduction in BP and the proportion of patients reaching target BP change in pharmaceutical care plan drug therapy problems actioned can be used as outcome measures and primary end point in the future study. Reduction in ACR and the number of hospital admission might be used as feasible outcome measures if the intervention and the control group in the future study are similar and randomised correctly. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4322 File(s) in this item: 1
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Makarova, Anastasia; Kuznetsova, Julia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Russian semelfactive verbs formed with the suffix -nu- are well-known in the literature (Isachenko 1960; Maslov 1948, 1965; Zaliznjak & Šmelev 2000). However, the distribution between two semelfactive suffixes -nu- and -anuis less studied. Makarova & Janda (2009, 90) suggest that “there is no clear trend concerning the frequency of -nu- vs. -anu-”, so the nature of the distribution between the two semelfactive suffixes remains unresolved. In this paper we explore 2041 semelfactive verbs from the Russian National Corpus (RNC1) produced with the two suffixes and show that: 1) distribution of the two suffixes partly depends on the number of the syllables in the base, 2) suffix -anu- is more recent and most monosyllabic roots are currently undergoing a shift from -nu- to -anu-, and 3) prefixed verbs most frequently choose the -nu- semelfactive suffix, because the pairing of a prefix and a root functions as multisyllabic base. These principles function as tendencies and we do not postulate a clear-cut division. This paper is written within the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, which allows us to fully capture the complex distribution of the two suffixes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4439 File(s) in this item: 1
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Makarova, Anastasia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 20-Nov-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: The Russian language is famous for having verbal Aspects, as Comrie puts it, “different ways of viewing the internal temporal constituency of a situation” (1976: 3). Traditionally, Russian verbs are considered to occur in pairs of Perfective and Imperfective verbs. Apart from the pairs, for many verbs there are other related verbs (Aktionsarten). These verbs are mostly derived from Imperfectives by means of prefixation and suffixation and carry additional meanings, such as iterativity and attenuativity. One of the types is called Semelfactives, which mark out one episode from a repeatable series of actions, as prygnut’ ‘jump once’. Broadening the notion of Semelfactivity and in her “cluster” model of Russian Aspect Janda (2007) unites all verbs “which extract a single cycle from a repetitive Activity” (2008a) under the heading “Single Act Perfectives” (SAP). Janda later claimed that the choice of affixation for formation of SAPs is not arbitrary and depends on the morphological class of the verb and on its semantics (Janda, Dickey forthcoming). The present study aims at testing Janda’s hypothesis on empirical data. We developed a special psycholinguistic experiment where 63 native speakers of Russian produced SAPs from nonce-verbs (non-existing verbs that were constructed specially for linguistic research). Nonce-verbs were given in finite and non-finite forms which made their morphological class clear and in contexts that provided informants with some hints about the possible meaning of the verb. The analysis of the results obtained proved that Janda’s hypothesis can be confirmed as a strong tendency, although with some limitations. Different morphological classes, as well as different semantic classes behaved differently in the experiment. The following morphological classes tend to use -nu- suffix in formation of SAPs: -aj, -ova, -*ě, whereas -i and -*ěj classes prefer s- prefix. Productivity and frequency have an important role to play: the more frequent and productive the verb classes (e.g. –aj), the easier they are to handle for native speakers. The overall number of forms with -nu- was higher than predicted, which shows the high level of productivity of this affix. Verbs with semantics of impact, sound and speech mostly gained -nu-, while motion verbs tended to get s-. These four semantic classes turned out to be the easiest for informants to analyze; other semantic classes allowed the formation of SAPs with less probability. Sociolinguistic variables did not appear to be decisive for the choice of affix in Russian Semelfactives. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2377 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.541Mb) -
Makhortov, Ivan Nikolaevich (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 14-Sep-2006)[+][-]
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Maksimova, Irina (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Jun-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Children tend to omit functional categories in early language. The present thesis considers the production of such function words as articles and monosyllabic prepositions in child English. The analysis is conducted within a framework of the prosodic account. The development of early articles has received a lot of attention in the literature, while monosyllabic prepositions have not been discussed in detail in previous studies of child English. To examine the issues, spontaneous speech productions of one English child are investigated from the age of 1;10.06 to 2;6.04. The data are drawn from the Manchester corpus in CHILDES. The study reveals that the child’s early articles in footed contexts are realized at a higher rate than those in unfooted contexts. The footed contexts for the following article present a Sw trochaic foot where the article constitutes a weak syllable, while in the unfooted contexts the article falls outside a Sw trochaic pattern typical for English. The results also show that monosyllabic prepositions in nonfinal sentence positions appear to constitute a stressed syllable in the child’s speech. That is supported by the following. In an indirect analysis of article realization in PPs with monosyllabic prepositions, the latter was compared to the realization of articles in straightforward footed and unfooted contexts. The production of articles in the contexts with monosyllabic prepositions showed similar development as that in the other footed contexts. The production of monosyllabic prepositions investigated on their own reveals a high proportion of realizations of the latter in both footed and unfooted contexts. The current study presents evidence for the influence of phonological factors on the production of articles and monosyllabic prepositions in child English, thereby supporting the prosodic account of acquisition of functional categories in early language. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2068 File(s) in this item: 1
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Makwinja, Simon Matthias (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: The study attempts to determine the extent to which child labour constitutes a violation of child rights. The international documents, especially the CRC, depart from the universal conception of childhood, making children all over the world the same and deserving similar treatment, more so claiming their rights. Using the case of child workers on tea and tobacco estates in Malawi, it examines the notion of childhood which forms the basis to any child rights claims. Employing the cultural politics of childhood, the essay argues that childhood on which child rights are founded is a contested notion. Children are valued differently in all societies across the world. Additionally, the thesis argues that education proposed as a panacea for child labour is also a contested field as its aims and values vary across societies. The western education system may not be the ideal for the lives of children working on tea and tobacco estates. Thus, the basis on which child rights are based, and the proposition of schooling as solution remain problematic in the abolition of child rights. The thesis concludes by recommending the capability approach which provides an alternative to the understanding and protection human rights, children’s rights included. In the capability approach, the end (substantive opportunities) must be achieved freely (freedom of processes) through the most efficient and available means of sustaining economic life, security and welfare of people. The capability approach treats human rights and education from a holistic perspective. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2548 File(s) in this item: 1
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Malamba, Manuel (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Homosexuality still remains to be one of the most controversial issues in the world today. The United Nations and other human rights bodies have postulated that all laws that discriminate against people on the basis of their sexual orientation violate human rights. However, despite this, many countries around the world including Malawi still maintain laws that object to same-sex relationships. In Malawi the issue of homosexuality was not in the public domain until recently after the arrest of a gay couple in 2009. In reaction to the arrest, the government, religious leaders, traditional leaders condemned same-sex relationships. They asserted that homosexuality is against Malawian culture and is ultimately against the will of God. Since the arrest, there has been an intense debate between the Malawian Government and some Civil Society Organizations (and donors) on whether to legalize homosexuality or not. The study aimed at finding out the factors that could make legalizing homosexuality in Malawi complex. A qualitative study was employed to find out the attitudes that people have on same-sex-relationships. The study also aimed at finding out the reasons why people hold particular attitudes on same-sex relations. Religion, Culture, politics and the media were determined to be the major factors that shape peoples’ attitudes on same-sex relationships in Malawi. A discussion on how criminalization of homosexuality violates human rights in the Malawian context was also central to this study. The research concluded that the government should repeal the old colonial laws and enact new laws based on a number of facts unveiled in the research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5109 File(s) in this item: 1
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Malla, Nabin; Berg, Eli; Moens, Ugo; Uhlin-Hansen, Lars; Winberg, Jan-Olof (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Background: Previously we have shown that a fraction of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) synthesized by the macrophage cell line THP-1 was bound to a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) core protein as a reduction sensitive heteromer. Several biochemical properties of the enzyme were changed when it was bound to the CSPG.
Methodology/Principal Findings: By use of affinity chromatography, zymography, and radioactive labelling, various macrophage stimulators were tested for their effect on the synthesis of the proMMP-9/CSPG heteromer and its components by THP-1 cells. Of the stimulators, only PMA largely increased the biosynthesis of the heteromer. As PMA is an activator of PKC, we determined which PKC isoenzymes were expressed by performing RT-PCR and Western Blotting. Subsequently specific inhibitors were used to investigate their involvement in the biosynthesis of the heteromer. Of the inhibitors, only Rottlerin repressed the biosynthesis of proMMP-9/CSPG and its two components. Much lower concentrations of Rottlerin were needed to reduce the amount of CSPG than what was needed to repress the synthesis of the heteromer and MMP-9. Furthermore, Rottlerin caused a minor reduction in the activation of the PKC isoenzymes d, e, h and u (PKD3) in both control and PMA exposed cells.
Conclusions/Significance: The biosynthesis of the proMMP-9/CSPG heteromer and proMMP-9 in THP-1 cells involves a Rottlerin-sensitive pathway that is different from the Rottlerin sensitive pathway involved in the CSPG biosynthesis. MMP-9 and CSPGs are known to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Formation of complexes may influence both the specificity and localization of the enzyme. Therefore, knowledge about biosynthetic pathways and factors involved in the formation of the MMP-9/CSPG heteromer may contribute to insight in the heteromers biological function as well as pointing to future targets for therapeutic agents.URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3638 File(s) in this item: 1
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Malm, Erling Kristoffersen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 03-May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Temaet for avhandlingen er bruken av straff overfor mindreårige, med hovedvekt på anvendelsesområdet for straffarten samfunnsstraff, og hvordan samfunnsstraff kan benyttes som alternativ til ubetinget fengsel i saker der barn er i konflikt med loven. Det vil i avhandlingen bli undersøkt hvor grensene for å benytte denne strafformen i tilfeller som gjelder unge lovbrytere går. Hovedfokuset vil være på den øvre grense, dvs. grensen mot bruk av ubetinget fengselsstraff. Det er i grenselandet mellom samfunnsstraff og ubetinget fengsel man finner noen av de vanskeligste avveiningene, ettersom det i disse tilfellene ofte dreier seg om relativt alvorlige lovbrudd, med alt dette medfører av ulike kriminalpolitiske hensyn. Det vil i tillegg drøftes i hvilken grad norsk rettspraksis ivaretar de forpliktelser som følger av FNs konvensjon om barnets rettigheter, primært art. 3 om hensynet til barnets beste og art. 37 b om restriktiv bruk av frihetsberøvelse overfor mindreårige, samt art. 40, som legger føringer på straffesystemets behandling av barn. I avhandlingens avsluttende del vil det knyttes noen rettspolitiske betraktninger til hensiktsmessigheten av den nåværende ordningen, resultatene den medfører og om det er grunnlag for å ytterligere å utvide eller innskrenke anvendelsesområdet fra der det ligger i dag. Blant annet vil det bli drøftet hvorvidt allmennpreventive hensyn og hensynet til den alminnelige rettsoppfatning er legitime begrunnelser for å benytte ubetinget fengsel ovenfor unge lovbrytere. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4725 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (983.2Kb) -
Malm, Katrine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: L’objet de ce mémoire est l’expression adverbiale du coup. Nous avons observé que même si cette expression est couramment utilisée, il est difficile de décider de son interprétation dans certains contextes, et par conséquent il est aussi difficile de décider de son utilisation. De plus, nous avons l’impression qu’elle n’est pas beaucoup décrite dans la littérature linguistique. Par cette étude, nous chercherons donc à en savoir plus sur l’expression du coup. Notre but principal est de répondre aux questions suivantes concernant l’expression du coup : A-t-elle un sens net ? Dans quelles conditions est-il possible de l’utiliser ? Quelle est son origine? Quelles règles s’appliquent à son positionnement dans la phrase ? Le premier chapitre du mémoire prend en compte la définition et la classification de l’expression du coup. Nous aborderons d’abord son sens, avant d’entrer dans le domaine de la catégorisation et de l’usage. Ensuite, nous définirons les critères de placement qui ont rapport à du coup. Dans le second chapitre nous présenterons une analyse d’un ensemble d’exemples pertinents tirés de la base textuelle Frantext, qui se base sur la théorie du premier chapitre. Premièrement, nous décrirons notre méthode de recherche. Ensuite, nous examinerons les différents sujets abordés par rapport aux exemples du corpus : nous commencerons avec les critères de placement, avant que nous considérions les conditions d’emploi. Ultérieurement, nous discuterons les deux sens de du coup, c’est-à-dire le sens consécutif et le sens temporel. Nous ferons aussi mention de du coup comme une expression de « nonce sense ». Enfin, nous exploiterons le processus de grammaticalisation pour illustrer son évolution historique. Une conclusion générale récapitulera les points principaux du mémoire. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3647 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (766.6Kb) -
Mandal, Børge (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Nov-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner has been the subject of critical discussion for a long period of time. The discussions mainly revolve around the inconsistencies and ambiguity of the two narratives in the novel: the Editor’s and Robert Wringhim’s. This paper shows how some of this ambiguity is warranted, and how some of it is possible to diminish by perceiving the narratives in a different way than some critics do. The novel is an ambiguous one, but since this paper does not directly discuss the character Gil-Martin, some of this ambiguity is missing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4849 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (477.2Kb)
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