Browsing by Author
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Nadarajah, Suthamathy (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to identify the various quality attributes of shrimp which influence on market price and evaluate the relationship between price and quality attributes. Secondly to point out the main quality characters of shrimp which influence consumer preference and demand in domestic market. Theoretical framework – Based on Rosen (1974) proposed framework, simple linear form of hedonic price model of price dependent variable and combined continuous and dummy explanatory variables was developed to achieve the objectives. Methodology and sampling - Seventy six shrimp observations were collected from a specific domestic market in Nha Trang and price and quality attributes were recorded. Variables used to estimate the model were adopted from previous literatures of seafood hedonic pricing. Hedonic model price was estimated by regressing price on quality attributes using OLS method in Shazam 10.0. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 130 consumers in Nha Trang, Vietnam and data were analyzed using statistical tool Microsoft Excel 2003. Findings – The results confirm the hypothesis that the market price remarkably influenced by the extrinsic quality attributes of shrimp including carapace length, weight, origin, species freshness, product form and preservation method. Longer carapace length and no discolored shrimp are highly valued. Freezing, although widely practiced, receives the discount among preservation method. Fully cleaned to product form obtains a high premium. Furthermore, study found that some of quality characteristics such freshness, origin, species and size are also considered by consumer beside price which are the attributes influence on the consumer preference and demand. Even though, favourite quality attributes of shrimp vary with consumer, the most of consumers prefer the medium sized, sea-caught and fresh whole shrimp for consumption. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4752 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (3.792Mb) -
Naderkhani, Elenaz (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 09-Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: In this thesis, the method development and investigation of different liposomal formulations to incorporate and retain Camptothecin (CPT) is described. CPT is a potent anticancer drug that has shown to be active against a broad spectrum of cancers. However, due to its challenging physicochemical properties, like poor water solubility, severe toxic effects to normal tissues and instability, its clinical development has been limited for nearly 40 years. A strategy to overcome CPT’s challenging properties is to use liposome-based carrier system. By taking advantage of this carrier system, we may solubilise CPT in the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes, protect it from blood proteins and achieve a selective drug accumulation in tumor tissues or tumor-associated cells by enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). A good liposome formulation of clinical utility must fulfil two important criteria. The liposomal drug carrier must incorporate CPT in the liposomal bilayer in a relevant therapeutic concentration and be able to retain the drug within the liposome to make it bioavailable at the target site after i.v. administration. The focus of this thesis was to study different liposomal formulations and their ability to incorporate and retain CPT. Screening of eight different liposome formulations with respect to association with CPT was performed. The 1,2-di-oleyl-3 trimethyl-ammonium-propane (DOTAP) containing formulations showed superior incorporation capacity, giving an CPT incorporation of 250 µg/130 µmoles lipid. The DOTAP containing formulations exhibited as well a trend toward higher retention ability in serum compared to the other formulations. Although they showed better retention ability, only 25 % of the drug was associated with the liposomes, which is far from being optimal. One of the important criteria mentioned above for liposomes as drug delivery systems is their ability to remain stable in blood circulation for prolonged time in order to reach the specific target and to avoid rapid clearance by RES after i.v. injection. To achieve this, PEG decoration on the liposome surface can be employed. We chose to PEGylate DOTAP formulations in order to get a better understanding of this system. PEGylation lead, as expected, to increased stability of the liposomes, however a reduced incorporation capacity was observed. The presence of 1 % and 10 % PEG gave better retention and slower leakage from the liposomes. We conclude that DOTAP inclusion in our liposomes increased the incorporation of CPT into the lipid bilayer, that liposomal retention in our current formulations must be improved, and while PEGylation is necessary in order to prevent rapid in vivo clearance, the inclusion of PEG reduces incorporation, and therefore further studies are needed in order to improve incorporation of CPT in PEGylated liposomes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3407 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (645.5Kb) -
Nafstad, Petter (Preprint; Manuskript, 2011)[+][-]
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Naga Pardha Saradhi, Borra (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 25-Sep-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens and lack of new antibiotics in the pharmaceutical pipeline is seriously limiting our treatment options against common infections. We are now experiencing clinical isolates resistant to virtually all our antibiotics. Our most important and widely used antibiotics, the β-lactams, are challenged by successful β-lactamases. β-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that inactivates the β-lactam antibiotics. The genes for these prosperous β-lactamases are often co-localized with other genes on mobile promiscuous plasmids resulting in MDR isolates of clinically important bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. In this thesis we have studied a specific class of β-lactamases termed metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). MBLs can inactivate virtually all β-lactams including carbapenems which is our most broad-spectrum β-lactams and often reserved for infections that are difficult to treat. So far there is no clinically available inhibitor to MBLs as there is for other β-lactamases. To increase the knowledge about MBLs the three dimensional protein structures of the MBLs, VIM-7, AIM-1, and GIM-1 was determined and the biochemical properties of the MBL TMB-1 were determined. Further, we investigated the interactions between β-lactams and the MBLs using in silico methods. The studies show that although the MBLs share a common three dimensional structure there are differences between the enzymes that contribute to their differences in biochemical activity and substrate specificities. The in silico experiments also show that there are differences in the specific interactions between the various MBLs and different β-lactams. The results from the studies can contribute to the overall understanding of these enzymes and are important for the development of a clinical inhibitor to combat these enzymes which has been successful for other β-lactamases. Description: The papers of this thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Pardha Saradhi Borra, Hanna-Kirsti S. Leiros, Rafi Ahmad, James Spencer, Ingar Leiros, Timothy R. Walsh, Arnfinn Sundsfjord, and Ørjan Samuelsen: 'Structural and Computational Investigations of VIM-7: Insights into the Substrate Specificity of VIM Metallo-β-Lactamases', Journal of Molecular Biology (2011), vol.411:174-189. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2011.05.035
2. Allaaeddin El Salabi, Pardha Saradhi Borra, Mark A. Toleman, Ørjan Samuelsen, and Timothy R. Walsh: 'Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Metallo-β-Lactamase, TMB-1, from an Achromobacter xylosoxidans Strain Isolated in Tripoli, Libya', Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2012), vol. 56:2241-2245. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.05640-11
3. Hanna-Kirsti S. Leiros, Pardha S. Borra, Bjørn Olav Brandsdal, Kine Susann Waade Edwardsen, James Spencer, Timothy R. Walsh, and Ørjan Samuelsen: 'Crystal Structure of the Mobile Metallo-β-Lactamase AIM-1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Insights into Antibiotic Binding and the Role of Gln157', Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2012) Epub. ahead of print. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00448-12
4. Pardha S. Borra, Ørjan Samuelsen, Marit Sjo Lorentsen, and Hanna-Kirsti S. Leiros: 'Three dimensional structure of the subclass B1 mobile metallo-β-lactamase GIM-1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa' (manuscript)URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4558 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.024Mb) -
Nakling, Marie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Bakgrunn: I 2002 ble det publisert studier som viste at hormonbehandling i klimakteriet øker risikoen for kardiovaskulære hendelser og brystkreft. Etter dette sank salget av østrogenpreparater kraftig, og det er grunn til å tro at det har vært økende interesse for andre behandlingsstrategier mot klimakterieplager. Masteroppgaven tar utgangspunkt i ACUFLASH-studien, hvor formålet er å finne ut om akupunktur og egenomsorg har ulik effekt fra kun egenomsorg i behandling av klimakterieplager blant postmenopausale kvinner. Formål: Å beskrive bruken av legemidler og kosttilskudd blant postmenopausale kvinner i ACUFLASH-studien, i deler av intervensjonsperioden og observasjonsperioden. Kvinnenes kosttilskuddbruk og tidligere hormonbruk skal sammenlignes med en gjennomsnittsbefolkning, representert ved et tilfeldig utvalg postmenopausale kvinner fra Kvinner og kreft-studien. Materiale og metode: Masteroppgaven er basert på spørreskjemaopplysninger fra ACUFLASH-studien og Kvinner og kreft-studien. I ACUFLASH ble deltakerne randomisert til enten akupunktur og egenomsorg eller kun egenomsorg, og studien bestod av en intervensjonsperiode på 12 uker samt en etterfølgende observasjonsperiode på 9 måneder. Det ble brukt data fra baseline, 12 uker og 6 måneder. Forbruk av kosttilskudd og legemidler er presentert ved prosentvis andel brukere innenfor ulike preparatkategorier etter bruksområde og innhold, samt ved antall kosttilskudd og legemidler brukt totalt og innenfor kategorier som kan ha sammenheng med klimakterieplager. Resultater: Ved baseline var andelen kosttilskuddbrukere 49 % i akupunkturgruppen og 60 % i egenomsorgsgruppen, mens hhv. 49 % og 45 % var legemiddelbrukere. Kosttilskuddkategoriene med høyest andel brukere var ”omegafettsyrer”, ”vitaminer, mineraler og antioksidanter”, ”klimakterieplager” og ”infeksjon, immunforsvar og energi”. Forbruk av legemidler var høyest i kategorien ”muskler, ledd, skjelett og smerter”. Forbruk av kosttilskudd mot klimakterieplager var forholdsvis konstant i akupunkturgruppen på omkring 13 %, mens forbruket i egenomsorgsgruppen økte fra 19,8 % ved baseline til 28,3 % ved 12 uker, og sank igjen til 21,6 % ved 6 måneder. Forbruksmønsteret for soya var tilsvarende. I begge intervensjonsgruppene brukte omkring 21 % kosttilskudd for infeksjon, immunforsvar og energi ved baseline, mens andelen sank ved 12 uker. Det var ingen signifikante forskjeller mellom intervensjonsgruppene i forbruk av legemidler, med unntak av en høyere andel brukere av legemidler mot infeksjon i akupunkturgruppen ved baseline. ACUFLASH-deltakerne var yngre, hadde høyere utdanning, hadde brukt hormoner over lengre tid og brukte mer omega-3 enn Kvinner og kreft-deltakerne. Andelen noen-gang-brukere av hormoner var omkring 50 % i begge studiepopulasjonene til tross for at ACUFLASH-deltakerne kom i menopausen omkring 2002, og Kvinner og kreft-deltakerne omkring 1997. ACUFLASH-deltakerne brukte mer soya og generelle kosttilskudd mot klimakterieplager, men konfidensintervallene for disse variablene var overlappende. Konklusjon: Forbruksmønsteret av kosttilskudd i kategoriene ”klimakterieplager” og ”soya” tyder på at egenomsorgsgruppen er mer klimakterieplaget enn akupunkturgruppen, spesielt ved 12 uker men også ved baseline og 6 måneder. Forbruk av legemidler viser lite endringer, både i intervensjonsperioden og observasjonsperioden. Basert på mer utstrakt hormonbruk samt noe høyere forbruk av kosttilskudd mot klimakterieplager, er kvinnene i ACUFLASH mer klimakterieplaget enn gjennomsnittsbefolkningen. De er også høyere utdannet og ut fra røykemønster og omega-3-bruk tenderer de til å være mer helsebevisst enn gjennomsnittet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1906 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (6.118Mb) -
Namulondo, Joan Isabella (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Female Genital Mutilation/cutting/circumcision (FGM/C) are terms used to incorporate a wide range of traditional practices that involve the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia basically for traditional and cultural reasons in mostly African societies. This study addresses the perceptions of this practice and looks at different efforts by the Community Based Organisations and Government to eliminate this tradtional practice among the Sabiny people of Kapchorwa District in the Republic of Uganda. This study was conducted in Kapchorwa among selected Sabiny people and organisations working to eliminate the practice. In executing this study, both qualitative and quantitaive methods were used. Qualitative methods used included individual interviews; key informant interviews; telephone interviews and focus group discussions. Secondary data was also used in this study. The findings revealed that there are divided opinions about female genital cutting among the Sabiny. There are those who are in favour of the practice, while others are against the practice. The assumed consequences of performing the practice or not performing it play a big role on the different perceptions held by the people. A big segment of the local community, together with the Uganda Government is involved in efforts to bring about change in the community by eliminating the tradition. This thesis indicates that perceptions held by those who are in favour of the practice are based on a number of motivating factors, tradition topping the list. There are various efforts that are being employed by the local community as well as Government to eliminate the traditon in Kapchorwa. As a result of these efforts, ther has been a change in the community; however this does not yet mean that the tradition has been eliminated. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2340 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.237Mb) -
Namyatova, Daria Alekseevna (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 16-May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: ABSTRACT Three 3D seismic cubes (EL0001, St0309 and ST05M09) from different parts of the SW Barents Sea basin were studied to decipher processes causing depressions in the seabed and subseabed. Since the investigated areas were under the influence of various depositional and erosional conditions during ice ages special attention was given to the potential of ice driven morphologies. Depressions identified at the seafloor and at the upper regional unconformity (URU) sub surface vary in shape, size and depth. Their distribution is governed by large scale glacial morphology and deeper fluid accumulation and migration pathways as inferred from seismic anomalies. The formation of fluid flow related depressions could be a result or a combination of both external (glacial erosion and accumulation) and internal factors (gas expansion). Evidence for fluid flow exists in deeper layers and thus fluids could migrate upward along faults and porous sediment strata and spread laterally in upper sediment layers. A second class of depressions exists that is mainly related to glacier driven surface processes in for example subglacial melt-water channels without any obvious relation to deeper fluid sources. Generally, glacial morphological elements influence sediment facies distributions, the thickness of the deposits and therefore the location and frequency of pockmarks and/or pockmark fields. The pockmarks tend to occur inside iceberg-plough marks, mega scale glacial liniations (MSGL), all regions with reduced sediment thickness through which fluids may penetrate more easily. The timing of pockmark creation varies depending on fluid source areas, the thickness of the glacial sediment blanket and ice sheet retreat. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3406 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (16.15Mb) -
Nandipati, Satish C R; Haugli, kari b.; Coucheron, Dag-Hugo; Haskins, Edward F.; Johansen, Steinar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Physarales represents the largest taxonomic order among the plasmodial slime molds (myxomycetes). Physarales is of particular interest since the two best-studied myxomycete species, Physarum polycephalum and Didymium iridis, belong to this order and are currently subjected to whole genome and transcriptome analyses. Here we report molecular phylogeny based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences that includes 57 Physarales isolates. The Physarales nuclear rDNA sequences were found to be loaded with 222 autocatalytic group I introns, which may complicate correct alignments and subsequent phylogenetic tree constructions. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences depleted of introns confirmed monophyly of the Physarales families Didymiaceae and Physaraceae. Whereas good correlation was noted between phylogeny and taxonomy among the Didymiaceae isolates, significant deviations were seen in Physaraceae. The largest genus, Physarum, was found to be polyphyletic consisting of at least three well supported clades. A synapomorphy, located at the highly conserved G-binding site of L2449 group I intron ribozymes further supported the Physarum clades. Our results provide molecular relationship of Physarales genera, species, and isolates. This information is important in further interpretations of comparative genomics nd transcriptomics. In addition, the result supports a polyphyletic origin of the genus Physarum and calls for a reevaluation of current taxonomy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4987 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (1.240Mb) -
Naseer, Mohammed Umaer; Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro; Woodford, Neil; Dhanji, Hiran; Canton, Rafael; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Lindstedt, Bjørn Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: One hundred E. coli isolates from Norway (n = 37), Sweden (n = 24), UK (n = 20) and Spain (n = 19), producing CTX-M-type - (n = 84), or SHV-12 (n = 4) extended spectrum β-lactamases, or the plasmid mediated AmpC, CMY-2 (n = 12), were typed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Isolates clustered into 33 Sequence Types (STs) and 14 Sequence Type Complexes (STCs), and 58 MLVA-Types (MTs) and 25 different MLVA-Type Complexes (MTCs). A strong agreement between the MLST profile and MLVA typing results was observed, in which all ST131-isolates (n = 39) and most of the STC-648 (n = 10), STC-38 (n = 9), STC-10 (n = 9), STC-405 (n = 8) and STC-23 (n = 6) isolates were clustered distinctly into MTC-29, -36, -20, -14, -10 and -39, respectively. MLVA is a rapid and accurate tool for genotyping isolates of globally disseminated virulent multidrug resistant E. coli lineages, including ST131. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4968 File(s) in this item: 1
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Nasir, Munawar Ahmad (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-Mar-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: In these studies, we focus on moricrase (enzyme mixture from hapatopancreas of king crab) as an activator of inflammatory responses in airway cells. Taking under consideration that serine proteases, such as trypsin, are stimulator of interlukin-8 (IL-8). We investigate the role of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) in the inflammation of human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). A549 cells were exposed to moricrase and we observed that moricrase induces stimulation of IL-8. Finally, it has been found that after the stimulation of A549 cells with moricrase, the release of IL-8 is mediated through the activation of PAR-2.With respect to our findings we can suggest that moricrase, via activation of PAR-2, might produce inflammation or influence the inflammatory process in human airways if inhaled in a significant amount. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2470 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (983.0Kb) -
Natvig, Anne (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 06-Aug-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Through different qualitative approaches this thesis analyses the (re)creation of stereotypes among and about Nicaraguans and Costa Ricans in the context of the Isla Calero conflict which began in 2010. The findings are based on questionnaires, interviews and observations conducted in Costa Rica and Nicaragua in late 2011. An analysis of news items produced in both countries during the first month of the conflict also sheds light on the use of stereotypes in these societies. Although both countries claimed to want peace and reconciliation, the discourses employed during the time of research have contributed to a deeper division between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The countries competed over the representation as peaceful, while stereotyping the other as conflict seeking. Through emphasising difference and not similarities, myths about the other were (re)created within both societies. Further, the discourses in the two countries largely ignore the points of view of the other. This constructs a hegemony of representation and stereotyping within each country that (re)creates the boundaries between Us and an Other. Also, through mythologizing historical events, national stereotypes are naturalised within the societies, creating perceptions of difference as inevitable facts. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4619 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (3.630Mb) -
Nácher Rodríguez, María (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 25-Jun-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: In the present master thesis the dynamical behavior of the Mini-Dusty rockets will be analyzed with the aim to obtain accurate information on the absolute coning and orientation history during the flight, and in particular around all the critical phases. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1200 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (5.801Mb) -
Ndanga, Dieudonné Ngnantare (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-Oct-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: This work is done in a context where groups and associations for culture revitalization flourish in Cameroon. By focussing on the actors, means and challenges of culture revival, I aim to describe the outcome of a process of de-tribalisation during which ethnic groups have had to relinquish their traditions in order to subscribe to modernisation as prescribed by states government and through pressure from western powers. The phenomenon studied here, the cultural revitalisation of the Gbaya in the group called the Sirta, works against this trend; tradition is made relevant and used in the modern context as a tool for respectability, social element for identity reconstruction and ethnic cohesion. By using different research techniques (participant observation, filming and interviewing) and combining historical background and empirical data, this study deals with the struggle for adaptation to a changing environment and the (re) invention of tradition. My thesis also highlights hindrances pertained in that process related to the scattering of knowledge and energy, misunderstanding and difference in life and educational background. By placing this debate in the global context of encounters between civilizations, this thesis reveals dilemmas that occur in people’s lives, choices that are to be made, and mainly the state of confusion in which members of ethnic groups find themselves in Africa and more specifically in Cameroon. To conclude, the most important thing to discuss appears to be the dynamism and the fluctuation of culture that are demonstrated through revival, invention and manipulation of tradition. These are finally presented as results of historical confrontations and social challenges. Description: The thesis is accompanied by a film, which is not available in Munin URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1401 File(s) in this item: 1
thesisndanga.pdf (2.480Mb) -
Neakoh, Raissa Timben (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Sep-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Piracy: A critical examination of the definition and scope of piracy, and the legal issues arising there-from that affect the successful address of piracy globally. This thesis looks into the effectiveness of the existing legal maritime regime in fighting piracy worldwide. It goes to determine the extent to which the problem of modern day maritime piracy is related to the inadequacies brought about by the limitations in the definition of piracy as given by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 10 December 1982, and the International Maritime Bureau (IMB). It makes great allusion to the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA) Convention, 1988 to discuss such issues as the duty of states to cooperate to suppress piracy, jurisdictional issues relating to capture, detention and prosecution of pirates amongst other aspects that affect the successful legal address of piracy globally. These aspects include international cooperation in terms of willingness, the application of Human Rights Law as well as reconciling public and private interests generally. It rounds up with proposals as to the way forward in resolving the issues raised and examined in the work. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3893 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (845.7Kb) -
Nedberg, Audhild (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2006)[+][-]
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Nelka Rajani, Pemattuge (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 17-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the consumers’ values and the difference in consumption, attitude and intention to consume wild fish versus farmed fish in Vietnam. Second, it aimed to investigate the relationship between values, attitudes and intention to consume wild versus farmed fish by applying value-attitude-behavior model. The measurement scales used here were adapted from previous studies found in the literature. The survey was conducted in Nha Trang, Vietnam, among convenience sample of 206 respondents. This study found that personal values are very important to the consumers. Environmental issues related to food/fish consumption found to be quite important while animal welfare issues were not important to them. They had significantly high attitude and intention as well as consumption of wild fish than that of farmed fish. The beliefs of quality and availability of wild fish was significantly more positive when compared with farmed fish. Structural equation modeling identified that environmental concern of the consumer and benevolence values were significantly related to positive attitudes towards wild fish consumption while universalism values had non significant, high positive impact, suggesting that more people are concerned about these issues, the more positive attitudes they have towards wild fish. However, their concern about fish welfare issues found to be negatively related with attitudes towards wild fish consumption. All these values were non significant in determining attitudes towards farmed fish consumption. The explained variance of the attitudes towards wild and farmed products from the values, however, found to be less. The study found that beliefs of quality and availability were significant predictors of attitudes towards both products than the welfare and sustainability issues. The findings indicated that from a marketing point-of-view, wild fish products can be appeal to environmental and welfare concern, personal values as well as attributes beliefs level of the consumer, while demand for the farmed fish products can be enhanced mostly by appealing to the attitudinal beliefs based on the attributes. The study provides useful information for fish farming and marketing companies as well as environmental policy makers. From a theoretical point of view, this study partially confirms the Value – Attitude – Behavior relationship model (VAB). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2536 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (912.4Kb) -
Nerdal, Lena-Kristin; Wright, Linda Grøvnes (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Sep-2005)[+][-]
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Nergaard, Ragnhild Holten (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: De siste tiårs kraftige samfunnsutbygging har gjort presset på kulturminnene i landet større, noe som er spesielt gjeldende i byer. Forholdet mellom gammelt og nytt, hva som skal bevares og hva som ikke skal vernes, har skapt mye debatt. Vern og vekst har blitt to motsetninger, hvor det er mange ulike meninger om hva en skal satse på. Det er disse konfliktene, mellom kulturminneforvaltningen og utbyggere, som denne oppgaven tar for seg. Det blir fokusert på Tromsø hvor utbyggingen har vært stor de siste årene, noe som har ført til flere konflikter mellom de forskjellige aktørene. Hvorfor slike konflikter oppstår, er en av problemstillingene jeg prøver å få svar på. Det vil bli sett på tre utbyggingssaker i Tromsø som det har oppstått konflikt rundt for å bedre belyse hva det er som gjør at konflikten oppstår. Mye byråkrati, med lange saksprosesser, dårlig kommunikasjon mellom de ulike aktørene og et tungt og vanskelig lovverk å forholde seg til er alle faktorer som spilte inn på konflikten, men det er min hypotese at det ikke er dette som er selve roten til problemet. Et ulikt verdisyn mellom aktørene der det ikke er enighet om hva som er verdt å ta vare på eller hva som er et kulturminne, blir her vurdert som årsaken til hvorfor denne typen konflikter oppstår. De verdier som forvaltningen legger i et kulturminne, kan være svært forskjellig fra hva utbyggere eller lokalbefolkningen mener er verdifullt. Siden verdisyn er noe som er så ulikt vil det å unngå slike konflikter være svært vanskelig. Det er derimot mulig å forminske konfliktnivået. Forvaltningen og planmyndighetene bør ha gode saksrutiner, god kommunikasjon mellom alle aktørene, ha kompetanse på å vurdere plantegninger og ha et forhold til lokalhistorie. Det viktigste grepet er derimot at kulturminnebegrepet blir utvidet slik at flere verdier og meninger blir fanget opp. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2545 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (4.080Mb) -
Nergård, Heidi; Nergård, Britt (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 10-Dec-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Oppgaven omhandler rett til fristforlengelse for partene i en entreprisekontrakt som følge av at fremdriften av deres ytelser blir hindret av forhold utenfor deres kontroll. Avhandlingen tar utgangspunkt i kontrollansvarsregelen i NS 8405 punkt 24.3. Problemstillingen i avhandlingen er vilkårene for fristforlengelse og hvorvidt disse skal tolkes i lys av det alminnelige kontrollansvaret i norsk rett. I tillegg drøftes kontrollansvarsregelen på noen utvalgte typetilfeller. En sentral problemstilling har vært å avdekke hvor kontrollansvarsregelen befinner seg på skalaen mellom et objektivt ansvar med unntak for force majeure og et culpaansvar med omvendt bevisbyrde. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2688 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (691.2Kb) -
Nergård, Kristina (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Det er blitt undersøkt hvorvidt organisasjonens vekst påvirker lederatferden til entreprenøren.Funnene viser at vekst har hatt svært liten innvirkning på lederatferden til entreprenøren i dette caset. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2115 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.981Mb)
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