Browsing by Author
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Obeng, Victor (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-Jun-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: The Ghanaian tuna fishery is a baitboat and purse seine fishery. Three main species of tuna are caught namely, Skipjack, Bigeye and Yellowfin. A detailed and comprehensive set of catch and effort data for the tuna fisheries has been obtained for the period 1980-2001. Harvest functions have been designed and estimated. By maximising the loglikelihood function by numerical methods, parameter estimates and performance indicators of the different models were obtained. The best result was obtained for a harvest model allowing inclusion of a time trend parameter. For this model the stockoutput elasticity is assumed to be 1, the effort-output elasticity is estimated at 0.849, and the technological change at about 3.6% annual increase in productivity. Technical – Economic interactions among the species have been analysed. Different periods where chosen for each period, cross – elasticity of supply calculated between the species. The result indicated a mixed significance, which gives room for the existence of technical – economic interactions among the species over the years, considered. This suggests that single species management may be inappropriate for the tuna fishery. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/306 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (462.6Kb) -
Oboza, Alina (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Nov-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: This thesis sets out to examine the physical, private/domestic and public/national space, as well as the complex interrelations between them, as represented in Woolf’s last novel, Between the Acts (1941). My method involves a gradual broadening of the perspective. I begin by studying the representation and symbolism of physical objects and spaces of Pointz Hall – the novel’s setting, before moving on to a discussion of the domestic objects and architecture, and their implications for the family and domestic sphere. Finally, I investigate the elements of national space in the novel, and the tense relationship between the private and public space – “this odd mix up”, a consequence of Woolf’s feeling of her private sphere being invaded by the public event of war (Diary V 110). The constant and somewhat rapid oscillation between private and public, and the various planes of action in the pageant scene, as well as the concomitant fragmentation of the narrative, invite a spatial/simultaneous apprehension of the scene and the whole novel, a fact which, to my knowledge, has gone unremarked by critics. Thus, using Joseph Frank’s (1941) essay on spatialisation of form in modern literature as a conceptual framework, I analyse the spatiality of the novel’s form, and suggest that its interlocking planes fit in mosaic patterns evocative of Cubist art. All in all, the simultaneous summoning up of “all life, all art, all waifs & strays”, and the old English country house with the adjacent landscape, seems to be Woolf’s nostalgic last glance at “all things lovely” (Diary V 135, 351). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2964 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (842.9Kb) -
Engeseth, Kjersti H.; Obstfelder, Aud; Wynn, Rolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 27-Jul-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Background: There has been an increased interest in the use of telemedical applications in clinical practice in recent years. Considerable effort has been invested in trials and experimental services. Yet, surprisingly few applications have continued beyond the research and development phase. The aim of this study is to explore characteristics of successfully implemented telemedical applications. Methods: An extensive search of telemedicine literature was conducted in order to identify relevant articles. Following a defined selection process, a small number of articles were identified that described characteristics of successfully implemented telemedical applications. These articles were analysed qualitatively, drawing on central procedures from Grounded Theory (GT), including condensation and categorisation. The analysis resulted in a description of features found to be of importance for a successful implementation of telemedicine. Subsequently, these features were discussed in light of Science and Technology studies (STS) and the concept of 'social negotiation'. Results: Telemedical applications introduced into routine practice are typically characterised by the following six features: 1) local service delivery problems have been clearly stated, 2) telemedicine has been seen as a benefit, 3) telemedicine has been seen as a solution to political and medical issues, 4) there was collaboration between promoters and users, 5) issues regarding organizational and technological arrangements have been addressed, and 6) the future operation of the service has been considered. Conclusions: Our findings support research arguing that technologies are not fixed entities moving from invention through diffusion and into routine use. Rather, it is the interplay between technical and social factors that produces a particular outcome. The success of a technology depends on how this interplay is managed during the process of implementation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1153 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (247.4Kb) -
Odida, M; Sandin, S; Mirembe, F; Kleter, B; Quint, W; Weiderpass, Elisabete (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: While the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with cervical cancer is well established, the influence of HIV on the risk of this disease in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. To assess the risk of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) associated with HIV and HPV types, a hospital-based case-control study was performed between September 2004 and December 2006 in Kampala, Uganda. Incident cases of histologically-confirmed ICC (N=316) and control women (N=314), who were visitors or care-takers of ICC cases in the hospital, were recruited. Blood samples were obtained for HIV serology and CD4 count, as well as cervical samples for HPV testing. HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed using the SPF10/DEIA/LiPA25 technique which detects all mucosal HPV types by DEIA and identifies 25 HPV genotypes by LiPA version 1. Samples that tested positive but could not be genotyped were designated HPVX. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounding factors. For both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, statistically significantly increased ORs were found among women infected with HPV, in particular single HPV infections, infections with HPV16-related types and high-risk HPV types, in particular HPV16, 18 and 45. For other HPV types the ORs for both SCC and adenocarcinoma were not statistically significantly elevated. HIV infection and CD4 count were not associated with SCC or adenocarcinoma risk in our study population. Among women infected with high-risk HPV types, no association between HIV and SCC emerged. However, an inverse association with adenocarcinoma was observed, while decrease in CD4 count was not associated with ICC risk. The ORs for SCC and adenocarcinoma were increased in women infected with HPV, in particular single HPV infections, infections with HPV16- and 18-related types, and high-risk HPV types, specifically HPV16, 18 and 45. HIV infection and CD4 count were not associated with SCC or adenocarcinoma risk, but among women infected with high-risk HPV types there was an inverse association between HIV infection and adenocarcinoma risk. These results suggest that HIV and CD4 count may have no role in the progression of cervical cancer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4013 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (341.5Kb) -
Odongo, Bob Denis (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The study aimed at investigating the level of independence and freedom of the mass media industry in Uganda. It explored the challenges that media professionals practically go through and face in the process of carrying out media work and practicing their professions in Uganda, and secondly, it identified how both the existing and newly proposed laws impact on the mass media freedom in Uganda while drawing from the domestic, national, regional and international laws. Qualitative methods were used in this research with interviews and content Analysis being central. The findings indicate that the mass media in Uganda is still not free as most respondents concurred with what is in the documented reports by HRW, Amnesty International, UHRC, IFEX, CPJ, and HRNJ about media censorship in Uganda. A critical analysis of the various media laws in Uganda revealed that they have not been aligned to regional and international standards. The study, recommends among other things that the government of Uganda should respect freedom of expression as laid down under the constitution, regional and international laws. Secondly, that the media laws in Uganda should be revisited, to meet the regional and international standard by way of repealing clauses that are hostile and unfriendly to free practice of mass media. A self-regulatory media system should be adopted as a way of ensuring less interference by the government in the regulatory process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5102 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (713.5Kb) -
Ofstad, Lise Helen (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 16-Apr-2013)[+][-]
Abstract: Anglerfish Lophius piscatorius has during the last two decades become a highly exploited resource and is now one of the five most economically important demersal fish species in the Faroese fishery. Despite this, there is at present little information available on the population status of anglerfish in Faroese waters. The main aim of this study is to increase the biological knowledge of anglerfish and to perform an assessment of the stock in order to evaluate the sustainability of the anglerfish fishery and to investigate trophic interactions between anglerfish and other commercially important demersal fish species. Anglerfish illicia, the first fin ray, were used for age reading. The age determinations were validated and concluded to be useful in an age-based assessment because the growth rates were consistent with length frequency and mark-recapture analyses. Anglerfish have a very high growth rate during their first year of life, compared with the older ages. Males mature at a lower length and younger age than females. The L50 for males and females was 58 cm and 84 cm, respectively, corresponding to an age of around four years for males and seven years for females. Observations of spawning males and females, egg-ribbons and pelagic anglerfish larvae revealed that anglerfish have a prolonged spawning season, which peaks from February to April. In addition, observations showed that there are at least two local spawning areas, one southwest of the Faroe Plateau and one in the Faroe Bank area. Large anglerfish tagged with data storage tags and conventional tags showed a seasonal offshore-onshore migration. They migrated to shallow depths in summer to feed and to deeper waters in winter, presumably to spawn. Anglerfish performed vertical movements up into the water column, and were most active in these vertical movements during the winter time and during the nights, and light intensity seemed to trigger the migrations. Anglerfish distribution was temperature dependent, since anglerfish generally preferred temperatures warmer than 4ºC, usually between 6.5–11ºC. This may explain why anglerfish were distributed deeper west of the Faroe Bank area compared to the Faroe Plateau, which is surrounded by cold water deeper than approximately 500 m. Anglerfish in Faroese waters preyed on a variety of food items. They were generally eating fish and the most important prey species in terms of numbers were Norway pout and blue whiting, whereas cod and haddock contributed most in weight. Annual consumption by anglerfish on commercially important demersal species, such as cod, haddock and saithe, was estimated to correspond to 33, 19 and 2% of the landings and to 75, 20 and 2% of biomass losses due to natural mortality, respectively. Even with this high cod consumption by anglerfish, cod cannibalism and fishing mortality still have greater impact on the cod stock dynamics than predation by anglerfish. The annual biomass loss of anglerfish due to cannibalism was estimated to nearly 15% of the annual loss due to natural mortality. Anglerfish in Faroese waters may be regarded as a separate stock because all life stages are found in the area, local spawning area, seasonal offshore-onshore migration on the Faroe Plateau, together with insignificant emigration/immigration (< 5%). An age-based stock assessment of anglerfish in Faroese waters for the period 1999–2011 showed that the stock biomass ranged between 9000 and 19000 t with a peak in 2004–2005 and the fishing mortality for age 3–8 varied between 0.2 and 0.5 year-1. The yield per recruit curve indicated that the stock was slightly growth overfished. Decreasing the fishing mortality could potentially increase the yield per recruit by around 10% leading to a 50% higher equilibrium biomass of anglerfish. No clear stock-recruitment relationship was found. On the other hand, anglerfish year-class strength was correlated with environmental variables, such as sandeel abundance. Hence, the rather short time series of anglerfish year-class strength provides little or no evidence of recruitment overfishing. It is recommended that stock assessments should be performed on an annual basis, allowing managers to react timely when there are signs of overfishing or recruitment failure due to natural or fishery causes. Description: The papers of this thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Ofstad, L.H., Pedersen, T., Angus, C.H., and Steingrund, P.: 'Age and growth of anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in Faroese waters', Fisheries Research (2013), vol.139:51–60. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.011
2. Ofstad, L.H., Pedersen, T., and Steingrund, P.: 'Maturation, reproduction and early life history of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters' (manuscript)
3. Ofstad, L.H., Steingrund, P., and Pedersen, T.: 'Seasonal offshore-onshore migration and distribution of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters' (manuscript)
4. Ofstad, L.H., Steingrund, P., and Pedersen, T.: 'Feeding ecology of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters' (manuscript)URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5070 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (5.639Mb) -
Ofte, Hilde Karen; Jakobsen, Kristin Alise (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2004)[+][-]
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Okeke, Malachy Ifeanyi; Tryland, Morten; Nilssen, Øivind; Moens, Ugo; Traavik, Terje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 12-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Background: Poxvirus-vectored vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer are currently under development. We hypothesized that the extensive use of poxvirus-vectored vaccine in future might result in co-infection and recombination between the vaccine virus and naturally occurring poxviruses, resulting in hybrid viruses with unpredictable characteristics. Previously, we confirmed that co-infecting in vitro a Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain engineered to express influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes with a naturally occurring cowpox virus (CPXV-NOH1) resulted in recombinant progeny viruses (H Hansen, MI Okeke, Ø Nilssen, T Traavik, Vaccine 23: 499–506, 2004). In this study we analyzed the biological properties of parental and progeny hybrid viruses.
Results: Five CPXV/MVA progeny viruses were isolated based on plaque phenotype and the expression of influenza virus HA protein. Progeny hybrid viruses displayed in vitro cell line tropism of CPXV-NOH1, but not that of MVA. The HA transgene or its expression was lost on serial passage of transgenic viruses and the speed at which HA expression was lost varied with cell lines. The HA transgene in the progeny viruses or its expression was stable in African Green Monkey derived Vero cells but became unstable in rat derived IEC-6 cells. Hybrid viruses lacking the HA transgene have higher levels of virus multiplication in mammalian cell lines and produced more enveloped virions than the transgene positive progenitor virus strain. Analysis of the subcellular localization of the transgenic HA protein showed that neither virus strain nor cell line have effect on the subcellular targets of the HA protein. The influenza virus HA protein was targeted to enveloped virions, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus and cytoplasmic vesicles.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that homologous recombination between poxvirus-vectored vaccine and naturally circulating poxviruses, genetic instability of the transgene, accumulation of non-transgene expressing vectors or hybrid virus progenies, as well as cell line/type specific selection against the transgene are potential complications that may result if poxvirus vectored vaccines are extensively used in animals and man.URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2191 File(s) in this item: 1
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Okungbowa, Richard Nosa (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 27-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: This thesis describes a new principle for the synthesis of thiophene from diketone. Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound containing one sulphur atom. The thiophene structure can be found in certain natural products and is also incorporated in several pharmacologically active compounds. The procedure described in the thesis uses the combination of graphite and metallic potassium. When they are reacted together they form an interesting compound, potassium graphite, in which the metal atoms are intercalated between the sheets of the graphite. If the potassium graphite then is treated with elemental sulphur (flowers of sulphur), potassium sulphide is formed on the surface of the potassium graphite. The thiophene molecule is formed by heating the potassium sulphide with a 1,4-diketone followed by the addition of a dehydrating (water adsorbing) reagent. Unfortunately, the procedure has so far given only moderate chemical yield, but the results show that the principle works. Further development may give a practically useful method. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2079 File(s) in this item: 2
ERRATA LIST.pdf (49.92Kb)thesis.pdf (1.058Mb) -
Olaisen, Sindre Hellum (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Sep-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Bakgrunn: Overvektsepidemien skrider frem og rammer stadig flere over hele verden. Verdens helseorganisasjon har innsett alvoret og laget en plan for å forebygge livsstilssykdommer. Det norske Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet har pålagt helseregionene å etablere behandlingstilbud for pasienter med helseproblemer som følge av uttalt overvekt og fedme, og Senter for sykelig overvekt ved Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge, Tromsø, er opprettet som respons til dette. Formålet med oppgaven: - Å skaffe en oversikt over hvorvidt kriteriene for henvisning er oppfylt i det første pasientmaterialet fra Senter for sykelig overvekt. - Å kartlegge forekomst av komorbiditet i deltakergruppen og vurdere effekt av tiltak hos oppfølgingsgruppen. Grunnleggende framgangsmåte: Det ble registrert antropometriske mål og blodprøver hos 295 pasienter som ble tatt inn til primærvurdering ved Senter for sykelig overvekt i registreringsperioden. Nye blodprøver ble tatt etter 6-12 måneder oppfølging og nye vektmålinger ble utført etter 3, 6 og 12 måneder for 42 pasienter som fikk tverrfaglig poliklinisk behandling. Viktigste funn: I hele deltakergruppen (n=295) var gjennomsnittlig BMI 42.8 ved første konsultasjon. 69.2% av deltakerne hadde BMI over 40 og av disse hadde 53.9% kjent komorbiditet. 6.1% hadde BMI under 35. Oppfølgingsgruppen (n=42) oppnådde et gjennomsnittlig vekttap på 15.1 kg etter tolv måneder (p=0.008) Dette tilsvarer en reduksjon i gjennomsnittlig vekt på 12.2%. Det ble observert en reduksjon i gjennomsnittlig BMI fra 43.4 ved oppstart til 38.5 etter livsstilsintervensjon. Blodprøver etter behandling viste signifikant reduserte verdier for serum triglycerider, glukose og C-peptid. Hovedkonklusjoner: Konservativ behandling av sykelig overvekt i form av livsstilsintervensjon gir reduksjon i vekt og komorbiditet. Dette er også bekreftet i tidligere studier. Majoriteten av henviste pasienter fyller nasjonale kriterier for behandling av sykelig overvekt i spesialisthelsetjenesten. Bariatrisk kirurgi er i dag en etablert og dokumentert behandlingsform hos pasienter med sykelig overvekt, men ikke alle ønsker, eller fyller kriteriene for, bariatrisk kirurgi. Med sterkt økende overvekt blant befolkningen er det av vesentlig betydning å dokumentere effekt av livsstilsintervensjon. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3732 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (261.0Kb) -
Olaisen, Solvor; Østmo, Anne Marit (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: I denne oppgaven har vi gjort rede for hva diagnosen schizofreni innebærer. Schizofreni er en alvorlig sykdom som rammer mange unge mennesker. Det er blitt skrevet om de typiske symptomene ved sykdommen, hvilke hovedgrupper de schizofrene pasientene kan deles inn i, hvordan noen kan rammes av kognitiv svikt, diagnostikk av schizofreni, behandling av sykdommen og hva prodromalfasen innebærer. Vi har også satt oss inn i de juridiske rammene for bruk av tvang i psykiatrien i Norge, og fordypet oss i forskningsartikler som omhandler emnene schizofreni, bruk av tvang i psykiatrien og det etiske aspektet rundt tvangsbruk. Til slutt har vi foretatt en etisk diskusjon angående bruk av tvang på schizofrene pasienter. I et etisk synspunkt kan vi konkludere med at tvangsbehandling er nødvendig i enkelte tilfeller, fordi helsen til den schizofrene og menneskene rundt må prioriteres foran pasientens autonomi. Det er også slik at en i enkelte tilfeller må anta at sykdommen er årsaken til at pasienten motsetter seg livsnødvendig behandling. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4524 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (258.1Kb) -
Olaussen, Nanstein (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Representativt demokrati med mulighet for korrigering er enda et forsøk på å løse de problemer dagens demokrati synes å ha. Den er ment å kunne korrigere eventuelle avvik i meninger mellom representantene og deres respektive velgere på en effektiv måte ved bruk av kommunikasjonsteknologi. Siden korrigeringen er hemmelig og inneholder budsjettbetingelser, kan "bedre" voteringsprosedyrer tas i bruk, for eksempel Borda tellingen eller godkjenningsvotering. Description: Dette er en hovedoppgave URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1151 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.345Mb) -
Olaussen, Tore Johan; Olsen, Kim Roger Selnes; Skoglund, Oddgeir (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 21-Sep-2005)[+][-]
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Olberg, Dag Erlend (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 20-Nov-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Positron emission tomography is a non-invasive imaging modality allowing visualization and quantification of a wide variety of physiological and biochemical processes or of a specific lowdensity protein target. Some examples are blood flow, glucose consumption, fatty acid metabolism or detection and quantification of cell surface receptors in particular tissues. Within the spectrum of available positron emitters, fluorine-18 is a particularly attractive radionuclide due to its favourable nuclear and chemical properties. One prerequisite to performing an investigation with positron emission tomography (PET) is the availability of suitable radiopharmaceuticals. The selection, preparation, and preclinical evaluation of a new radiopharmaceutical are addressed in particular by the field of radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Currently, [18F]FDG and to a lesser extent other small molecular weight compounds have become important clinical tracers for imaging of malignancies and other disease conditions. So far [18F]FDG, [18F]NaF and [18F]fluorodopa are the only three PET radiopharmaceuticals for 18Ffluorine listed in the USP. Peptides labelled with 18F have emerged as promising target-specific imaging probes. To date, very few 18F-labelled peptides have been subjected to human studies, compared to other small compound based 18-fluoride tracers. The explanation for this is to a large extent the complicated and low yielding synthesis of 18F-peptides employed so far. Peptides are labile molecules containing a multitude of functional groups that are not compatible with the conditions where [18F]fluorine is introduced. Peptides are therefore in general labelled indirectly by means of 18F-labeled prosthetic groups also called bifunctional labelling agents. Numerous 18F-prosthetic groups have been described and utilised for labelling of peptides. The number of synthetic steps and the different chemistries for conjugation to the peptide are some of the important properties of a prosthetic group, and renders some of them unsuitable for labelling a wide range of peptides. Also, the synthesis time and ease of production plays an important role as PET involves rapidly decaying isotopes and radiation exposure to PET manufacturing professionals. In this thesis, a new 18F-prosthetic group based on the site-selective addition of the Nmethylaminooxy to different sets of model peptides functionalised with Michael acceptors and alkyl halides have been investigated. Two 18F-prosthetic groups were synthesised; one based on a butyl chain and the second with diethylene glycol unit, both modified with the Nmethylaminooxy functionality and a tosyl group for the introduction of 18-fluorine. Radiolabelling experiments showed that the diethylene glycol derivative was sufficiently stable, but not the butyl derivative. Both radioactive and non-radioactive experiments with peptides demonstrated that the 18F-prosthetic group reacted in a site-selective manner, and that peptides modified with Michael acceptors such as nitrostyrene, maleimide and vinylsulfone gave better yields and more clean reactions as compared to the alkyl halides. Further investigations of the prosthetic group in conjunction with an RGD peptide modified with either a nitrostyrene or a vinylsulfone moiety in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that a biologically active peptide can be radiolabelled using this methodology. In vitro experiments and in vivo studies in osteosarcoma tumour bearing mice gave evidence for that the 18F-N-methylaminooxy prosthetic group had good stability. The peptide conjugate bearing the vinylsulfone was found suitable for in vivo use, while the nitrostyrene analogue on the other hand was too labile. Finally, a nicotinic acid based system, with direct labelling of active esters was investigated. The 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic-TFP ester proved to be a very suitable prosthetic group that allows labelling of peptides rapidly and in two steps. In conclusion, new and useful 18F-prosthetic groups for labelling of peptides and biomolecules have been successfully developed for use in PET. Description: The papers of the thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Olberg, D.E., Hjelstuen, O.K., Solbakken, M., Arukwe, J., Karlsen, H., and Cuthbertson, A.: 'A novel prosthetic group for site-selective labeling of peptides for positron emission tomography', Bioconjugate Chemistry 2008, 19 (6), 1301-1308 (American Chemical Society - publisher's restrictions). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc800007h
2. Olberg, D.E., Hjelstuen, O.K., Solbakken, M., Arukwe, J.M., Dyrstad, K., and Cuthbertson, A.: 'Site-specific addition of an 18F-N-methylaminooxy-containing prosthetic group to a vinylsulfone modified peptide', Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, Volume 52 Issue 14, Pages 571 - 575 (Wiley - publisher's restrictions). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/Jlcr.1686
3. Olberg, D.E., Cuthbertson, A., Solbakken, M., Arukwe, J.M., Kristian, A., Bruheim, S., Qu, H., and Hjelstuen O.K.: 'Radiosynthesis, biodistribution and preliminary evaluation of a novel [18F]fluorinated N-methylaminooxy conjugated to cyclic RGD peptides' (manuscript). Published version in Bioconjugate Chemistry, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc1003229
4. Olberg, D.E, Arukwe, J.M., Grace, D., Hjelstuen, O.K., Solbakken, M., Kindberg, G.M., and Cuthbertson A.: '6-[18F]Fluoronicotinic acid TFP-ester: A novel single-step prosthetic group for the labelling of biomolecules with fluorine-18', Forthcoming in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (American Chemical Society - publisher's restrictions).
Appendix: Available as "supporting information" to paper 1, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc800007hURI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2366 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.441Mb) -
Oldby, Elizabeth Logan (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Nov-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: In the autumn of 2006, the national government had introduced a gymnasium reform bill, called GY07, which was going to have a significant impact on the school curriculm. Facing major restructuring, we struggled with the challenge of finding new ways to adapt, prepare and improve the international teacher team’s profile, to meet the changes and challenges ahead. As part of my master’s program, I assumed the role of research practitioner and carried out an action research project in the winter/spring 2006-07, within my own teacher team. Together, we explored how an international team, faced with developing a strategy for dealing with the impending reform, could strengthening its international profile as a catalyst for development. The team participated in a series of round-table discussions that tried to focus on developing strategy and ways of making the team cohesive and viable, in order to be better equipped for the new international project work / communication and language curriculum. The discussions, along with my reflections form the basis of the action and provide the data for my conclusions. One year later, I followed-up by interviewing the team members, to find out how the team has developed and succeeded in creating a stronger profile. The complexity of studying in my own team was more than I bargained for. My research shows that to strenghten a team profile, it is important to, first identify and eliminate obstacles that prevent team building, team collaboration and school development, which are some of the key concepts in this project. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1687 File(s) in this item: 1
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Oldeide, Linda Agathe (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-Nov-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Saltfisk i dag er ikkje berre næringsrik mat, det er også festmat. Utfordringane rundt dette er at forbrukaren set andre krav til fisken enn bare at den skal smake godt. Det er i dag viktig at den ser bra ut òg. Dette er ei utfordring for fiskerinæringa der kvantum som regel trumfe kvalitet og ein får då gjerne ein fisk som smakar godt og er sunn, men har eit utsjåande med potensiale for forbetring. Det er også viktig å ha ei god forteneste på fisken i ein konkurranseprega marknad der små marginar avgjer om bedrifta er liv laga eller har kroken på døra. I denne oppgåva blei det studert om det er mulig å få betre vektutbytte og lysare saltfisk for å tilfredstille både produsent og forbrukar. Det blei totalt gjort ni forsøk, der seks var i samarbeid med Nofima. Det beste vektutbytte på saltmoden og utvatna fisk fekk ein på fisken som har vore fryselagra. Der var det forsøka med injisering av salt og fosfat, og kontroll med lake og pickelsalting, som fekk høgast utbytte av alle. Resultata som vart funne på fargedelen var interessante då det ser ut for at fryselagring jamt over er uavhengig av tilsetjingsstoff og at denne produksjonsmåte gjev ein lysare farge på fiskekjøtet både på saltmoden og utvatna produkt. Den beste effekten på farge fekk ein ved bruk av lake og pickelsalting. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4157 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (724.5Kb) -
Ollila, Leif Eivind (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 25-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Sammendrag DNA-analyse av hår- og ekskrementprøver er en viktig del i overvåkningen av brunbjørn (Ursus arctos) I Norge. En potensielt nyttig prøveinnsamlingsmetode for slik DNA-basert overvåkning er såkalte hårfeller, som består av en innhegning av piggtråd med luktstoff i senter. Fellene fungerer ved at hår fra bjørnen setter seg fast i piggtråden når bjørnen passerer for å komme inn til luktstoffet. Sommeren 2007 ble det gjennomført hårfelleprosjekt i Sør-Varanger i Norge, Inari i Finland og Pechenga i Russland for å finne ut om hårfeller egnet seg i overvåkningen av brunbjørn i nordlige Skandinavia. Hårfellenes effektivitet som innsamlingsmetode ble sett i forhold til opportunistisk hår- og ekskrementinnsamling, som er den metoden som er rutinemessig brukt i dette området. Videre ble det vurdert hvordan fellenes plassering i forhold til vegetasjon og avstand fra ulike landskapselementer innvirket på fangstsuksessen. Hårfelleforsøket varte i to måneder og bestod av et rutenett med 51 ruter, hver på 5x5 km, som alle inneholdt en felle. De 51 fellene gav til sammen 196 analyserbare hårprøver, som etter DNA-analyse gav 129 identifikasjoner av totalt 24 forskjellige brunbjørnindivider. Fra samme geografiske område ble det identifisert 7 individer både med hårfeller og med tilfeldig hår- og ekskrementinnsamling som pågikk i samme tidsrom. Feller på norsk side og i skog med mye løvtrær nær Pasvikelva og myr hadde klart størst fangssuksess målt i antall bjørner per. felle. Fangssuksessen var best tidlig enn senere på sommeren. Konklusjonen er at hårfeller ser ut til å fungere godt i overvåking av brunbjørn. Metoden er mer ressurskrevende enn tilfeldig ekskrement- og hårinnsamling, men den gir et bedre bilde av bjørnens bevegelser i tid og rom. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2831 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.352Mb) -
Olofsson, Joakim (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 21-Apr-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Bakgrund: ”Utbildningen inom varje skolform skall vara likvärdig” (Lpf 94, s 4) Elever skall ges betyg i varje gymnasiekurs. Betygen skall baseras på i vilken utsträckning de mål som skolverket uppställt i kursplanerna är uppfyllda. Svenska kursplaner är inte klart och tydligt formulerade. Det finns ett tolkningsutrymme som elever och lärare kan/skall/uppmanas att utnyttja för att anpassa undervisningen efter rådande förutsättningar. Mål att sträva mot anger en riktning för hur arbetet i det specifika ämnet kan bedrivas. Mål att uppnå är de mål som anger vad eleverna skall uppnå för att erhålla ett visst betyg. Utbildning skall vara likvärdig, dock inte densamma, samtidigt som lärares bedömning av elevers prestationer bör vara likvärdig över hela landet. Bedömning bör således även vara begriplig, till skillnad från godtycklig. Eftersom betygskriterier är svårtolkade kan det kanske vara en poäng att förtydliga dem. Syfte: Mitt syfte är att utröna hur bedömningsmatriser kan förtydliga kursplanernas mål och elevers förståelse av målen, samt hur detta kan säkra lärares bedömning och betygssättning. Metod: Som deltagande forskare har jag varit med att utveckla bedömningsmatriser och att använda dem som ett verktyg i undervisning och bedömning. Undersökningen baseras på egna observationer och reflektioner, samtal och intervjuer med kollegor, enkäter med elever och lärare samt elevers loggböcker. Resultat: Matriser fungerar bra som bedömningsverktyg vid begränsade uppgifter såsom muntliga presentationer, rapporter, essä-skrivande etc. Matrisen ger, om den är bra formulerad, klara och tydliga ramar som eleverna kan förhålla sig till och fungerar då som ett hjälpmedel att forma elevers kunskaper. Baksidor med användning av bedömningsmatriser är att de kan vara svårtolkade. I vissa fall kan de t.o.m. hämma elevens kreativitet. Bedömningsmatriser kan fungera som ett verktyg för att säkra lärares bedömning. Men det visar sig att även strikt formulerade och gemensamma matriser kan ge upphov till en viss diskrepans i bedömningarna. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1442 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (640.6Kb) -
Olsen, Anders Kvaløy (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 18-Jun-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Det har i de siste 30-40 årene vært en bred søken etter alternative naturlige antioksidanter som kan erstatte syntetiske antioksidanter i næringsmidler. Enkelte syntetiske antioksidanter har vist seg å være skadelige i store mengder. Blant forbrukere er det en generell skepsis mot syntetiske stoffer i mat. Samtidig anbefales det å øke inntaket av både mager og feit fisk og å få i seg mellom 190 til 650 mg langkjedede flerumettede omega-3 fettsyrer (LC n-3 PUFA) per uke. Marine oljer i flytende eller kapselform kan være et godt alternativ for folk som ikke får i seg nok fisk eller annen sjømat. I oppgaven har antioksidative effekter av ekstrakter fra krekling og tangmel blitt studert. Disse ekstraktene ble testet for antioksidativ kapasitet gjennom lagringsforsøk med vandige systemer, emulsjonssystem og i fettsystem. Grad av oksidasjon ble målt som peroxid-innhold (PV) og innhold av anesidinkomplekserende forbindelser (AV) Selolje er blitt analysert med hensyn til stabilitet og fettsyresammensetning. Innledende undersøkelser av optimal konsentrasjon av α-tokoferol i selolje ble foretatt. Tangmelet viste seg å ha god effekt i et vandig system, mens virket prooksidsantisk i fettsystem. Krekligekstraktet viste svak effekt i vandig system og ingen merkbar effekt i fettsystem. Innledende forsøk for optimal konsentrasjon av α-tokoferol i selolje ble beregnet til å være <200 ppm i et provosert system. English summary In the past 3-4 decades there has been a search for new alternative, natural antioxidants in replacement of synthetic ones. In this master thesis methanol extracts made of crowberry and seaweed-flour have been investigated for antioxidant capacity in oil-, water- and emulsion systems. Degree of oxidation was measured as p-Anisedin-value (AV) and Peroxid-value (PV). The Seaweed-flour extract showed great effect in a water system, but was pro-oxidative in a oil system. Crowberry extract showed poor effect in a water system and no perceptible effects in a oil system. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1050 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (952.0Kb) -
Olsen, Anett (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Jun-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: I slutten av november 2011 ble det offentliggjort et mulig regnskapsavvik i Troms Kraft datterselskap, Kraft & Kultur AB. I media kom det frem at det kunne dreie seg om et inntektsavvik på rundt 1,6 milliarder svenske kroner. Studien har som formål å undersøke hvordan indikasjoner på regnskapsmanipulering kan bli avdekket med kun offentlige tilgjengelige dokumenter. Med utgangspunkt i Kraft & Kulturs årsregnskap, skal jeg komme frem til en anbefaling som kan hjelpe styret med å utføre sitt kontrollansvar. Kontrollansvaret går blant annet ut på å sikre pålitelig finansiell informasjon. Studiens problemstilling er dermed følgende; Hvordan kan styret overholde kontrollansvaret, og sikre finansiell informasjon? Hvilken metode er egnet til dette styrearbeidet? Oppgaven vil ha fokus på styrets forhold til daglig leder, og hvordan styret på best mulig måte kan kontrollere regnskapsinformasjon, og på den måten avsløre regnskapsmanipulering. Oppgaven er en empirisk undersøkelse, og er gjennomført med casestudie som metodisk tilnærming. Kraft & Kultur er hovedcasen, og valgt på bakgrunn av en økonomisk hendelse som er påstander om manipulerte inntekter. Som kontroll mot hovedcasen er tre andre svenske kraftselskapet tatt med i utvalget. De er valgt på bakgrunn av at de opererer i samme bransje som Kraft & Kultur. Dette for å få best mulig sammenlikningsgrunnlag. I tillegg har selskapene positiv vekst i omsetningen. Dette var to avgjørende kriterier for å bli tatt med i utvalget. Studien skal med utgangspunkt i årsregnskapet gjennomføre en analyse av finansiell informasjon, for å undersøke om det fremkommer noen indikasjoner, eller såkalte ”røde flagg” som signaliserer at noe underliggende er galt i årsregnskapene for 2007-2010. Analysen er utført ved bruk av en firetrinns analysemodell, der de tre første trinnene er gjennomført. Første trinn av regnskapsanalysen, er analyse av bransje og strategi. Dette er gjennomført for å kartlegge hvordan bransjen og selskapets strategi kan påvirke årsregnskapet. Dette er en nødvendig forutsetning for å forstå og forklare forholdstallene på best mulige måte. Trinn to er analyse av regnskapets kvaliteter. Analysen ser på kvaliteten mellom alle regnskapsrapportene til Kraft & Kultur. Trinn tre er analyse av regnskapstallene, og er gjennomført på to ulike måte. Ved bruk av trendanalyse og benchmarking. Alle analysene som er gjennomført indikerer ”røde flagg”, og signaliserer at inntektene kan være blåst opp på bakgrunn av balanseposten og omløpsmidlet, ”opptjent, ikke fakturert” på SEK 1,6 mrd. Analysen indikerer at en videre undersøkelse på kontonivå kan være nødvendig, dette for å kunne trekke konklusjon om manipulerte inntekter. Det viktigste funnet i analysen er at alle regnskapsrapportene må ses i sammenheng. Dette fordi de tre rapportene har ulike funksjoner, de må dermed ses sammen for å skaffe seg et komplett bilde av selskapets økonomiske virkelighet. Studiens anbefaling til styret er at kontrollansvaret for å sikre pålitelig finansiell informasjon, kan overholdes ved å bruke den metoden som er best egnet utfra tilgjengelig dokumentasjon. Først bør styret gjennomføre analyse av måneds-, og kvartalsrapporter. Dette vil være mest aktuelt i interimperioden, mellom hvert årsregnskap. Når årsregnskapet foreligger, bør styret undersøke den grundig og kritisk. Siste metode er å gjennomføre benchmarking i syklus. Dette for å utvide styrets referanseramme, og samtidig overholde forvaltningsansvaret. Dersom noen “røde flagg” fremkommer i en av metodene, må styret undersøke posteringer på kontonivå. Det er med denne metoden styret har mulighet til å bekrefte mulig regnskapsmanipulering. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4469 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.851Mb)
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