Browsing by Author
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Paltto, Kirsi (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Dán váldofágabarggus mun guorahalan gieldda- ja darjjisámegiela frekventatiiva, kontinuatiiva ja momentána vearbasuorggádusaid aspektuála iešvuođaid ja buohtastahtán daid ruoššagiela vearbbaid aspeaktaiešvuođaiguin. Ruoššagielashan aspeakta lea giellaoahpalaš kategoriija, nu ahte ruoššagielat olmmoš ferte vearbbaid geavahettiinis dábálaččat válljet geavahago son imperfektiiva- vai perfektiivavearbba. Sámegielas fas aspektuála vearbbaid válljen ii leat bákkolaš, ja daid sáhttá máŋgii geavahit váljalaččat suorggádusa vuođđovearbbain. Dán barggus mun nappo guorahalan vuhttogo ruoššagiela váikkuhus gieldda- ja darjjisámegielas aiddo aspeavtta dáfus. Barggu konklušuvdna lea, ahte momentánasuorggádusaid semantihkka lea gáržžit, ja go ruoššagielas lea sullasaš kategoriija (semelfaktiiva vearbbat), de dat doarju kategoriija seailuma. Frekventatiiva- dahje kontinuatiivavearbbat fas geavahuvvojit máŋgii dakkár sajiin, gokko dat eai geavahuvvoše davvisámegielas, ja main ruoššagiela paralleallain lea imperfektiivavearba. Materiála čujuhage dan guvlui, ahte váldogiela guovttijuohku aspeavtta dáfus movttiidahttá geavahit aspektuála luohkáid aspeavtta ovdanbuktin sámegielas. Description: Dat lea váldofágabargu
Dette er en hovedfagsoppgaveURI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4281 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (6.855Mb) -
Pantcheva, Marina Blagoeva (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2006)[+][-]
Abstract: In this paper I present the prepositional system in Persian. I show that Persian prepositions can be divided into three classes (Class 1, Class 2a and Class 2b) which exhibit distinct syntactic behavior. Then I examine the question of the categorial status of Class 2 prepositions and demonstrate that they are not to be regarded as nouns. Finally I present the extended PP projection of Persian spatial prepositions and argue for a feature-based analysis of the properties they manifest URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/980 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (203.4Kb) -
Pantcheva, Marina Blagoeva (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 21-Oct-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: In my thesis, I investigate directional expressions cross-linguistically. I examine the morpho-syntactic structure of expressions of Goal (to the house), Source (from the house), Route (through the house), non-transitional paths (towards the house) and, finally, delimited paths (up to the house). I conclude that all these types of directional expressions are of different syntactic complexity. Precisely, Source expressions (from) are formed on the basis of Goal expressions (to) and Route expressions (via) are formed on the basis of Source expressions (from). Similarly, non-transitional paths (towards, away from) are based on the corresponding transitional path (to, from) and delimited paths (up to) are based on the corresponding non-delimited path (to). Assuming that morphological complexity is reflected in syntax, I take this containment relationship to indicate that the syntactic structure of Route expressions embeds the structure of Source expressions, which embed Goal expressions. Likewise, non-transitional paths embed transitional paths and delimited paths embed non-delimited paths. This leads me to decomposing the Path head, argued to be present in directional phrases, into five distinct heads: Goal, Source, Route, Scale and Bound. Adopting the Nanosyntax theory of grammar, I explore the lexicalization of the decomposed Path structure and show how it captures the morphological make-up and the diversity of directional expressions across languages, as well as the restrictions which apply to them. Finally, I test the predictions against the empirical domain of syncretisms between the spatial roles Route, Source, Goal, and Location. I show that the decomposed Path structure and the lexicalization theory I adopt capture syncretism patterns that are widely attested among languages and ban those syncretism patterns that are unattested. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3631 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.699Mb) -
Pantcheva, Marina Blagoeva (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2009)[+][-]
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Pantcheva, Marina Blagoeva (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2007)[+][-]
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Pape, Nora Paalgard; Arntzen, Johan Eilertsen; Sommerseth, Ingrid (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2009)[+][-]
Abstract: For rundt 1700 år siden, mot slutten av yngre romertid, ble det gravlagt et lite barn på Hundstad på Kveøya. Funnmaterialet gir indikasjoner på at det er ei jente i 4 års alderen. Jenta har trolig blitt lagt i et steinsatt gravkammer, og hun ble plassert med hodet mot havet i sør. Hun har fått med seg flere gravgaver; ei bøylespenne i bronse, ei glassperle samt en rekke gjenstander av jern. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5136 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (6.133Mb) -
Parikh, H; Wang, ZM; Pettigrew, KA; Jia, JP; Daugherty, S; Yeager, M; Jacobs, KB; Hutchinson, A; Burdett, L; Cullen, M; Qi, LQ; Boland, J; Collins, I; Albert, TJ; Vatten, Lars Johan; Hveem, Kristian; Njølstad, Inger; Cancel-Tassin, G; Cussenot, O; Valeri, A; Virtamo, J; Thun, MJ; Feigelson, HS; Diver, WR; Chatterjee, N; Thomas, G; Albanes, D; Chanock, SJ; Hunter, DJ; Hoover, R; Hayes, RB; Berndt, SI; Sampson, J; Amundadottir, L (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Measurements of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein levels form the basis for a widely used test to screen men for prostate cancer. Germline variants in the gene that encodes the PSA protein (KLK3) have been shown to be associated with both serum PSA levels and prostate cancer. Based on a resequencing analysis of a 56 kb region on chromosome 19q13.33, centered on the KLK3 gene, we fine mapped this locus by genotyping tag SNPs in 3,522 prostate cancer cases and 3,338 controls from five case–control studies. We did not observe a strong association with the KLK3 variant, reported in previous studies to confer risk for prostate cancer (rs2735839; P = 0.20) but did observe three highly correlated SNPs (rs17632542, rs62113212 and rs62113214) associated with prostate cancer [P = 3.41 × 10−4, per-allele trend odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67–0.89]. The signal was apparent only for nonaggressive prostate cancer cases with Gleason score <7 and disease stage 8 or stage ≥III (P = 0.31, per-allele trend OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.90–1.40). One of the three highly correlated SNPs, rs17632542, introduces a non-synonymous amino acid change in the KLK3 protein with a predicted benign or neutral functional impact. Baseline PSA levels were 43.7% higher in control subjects with no minor alleles (1.61 ng/ml, 95% CI = 1.49–1.72) than in those with one or more minor alleles at any one of the three SNPs (1.12 ng/ml, 95% CI = 0.96–1.28) (P = 9.70 × 10−5). Together our results suggest that germline KLK3 variants could influence the diagnosis of nonaggressive prostate cancer by influencing the likelihood of biopsy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4015 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (332.2Kb) -
Patel, Kinjal Tulsi (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 20-May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Introduction There is little data on immuno-suppressant administration and prescribing to transplant patients. It was considered a high risk area because errors in prescribing and administration of immuno-suppressants can potentially have serious consequences like graft loss, side effects and even death. The reality was however that the lack of data meant that no one knew whether this was an area for improvement or not. The need for data collection was recognised and the aim of this study was to develop and validate a tool to inform the analysis of the patient journey (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) and identify opportunities for quality improvement of immunosuppressant medication use. (Time did not allow for the FMEA to be conducted). Methods One-to-one semi structured interviews were conducted with clinical staff (2 pharmacists, 2 nurses and 6 doctors) to explore their perceptions of high risk areas. A case study was done to define the patient journey and identify potential areas where the patient might be at risk of harm. Analysis of database of incident reports (from 2010) was conducted. Lastly, analysis of pharmaceutical care issues identified by clinical pharmacists (2 pharmacists) was done. Results Some of the areas identified by staff from interviews were; need for consistent education to patient by all healthcare professions, need for education of staff, communication with primary healthcare professions with regard to risk associated with immuno-suppressants, teamwork amongst the staff on the ward and documentation of interventions. A patient journey detailed where and when high risk processes could occur. The patient journey identified the following areas as high risk: nurses being busy, interrupted or not giving appropriate education. Patients being non-compliant in medications and follow-up meetings, doctors not having clear handwriting, doctors not writing the formulation of immuno-suppressant etc. Database analysis confirmed that Datix® was not a well used reporting system and incidents were mainly in the immuno-suppressant administration category. The incidents reported emphasised the need to follow safe use of medicines policy. Pharmaceutical care issues were not well documented and there were no consistent interventions to confirm particular high risk areas. Discussion The richest data came from interviews and highlighted actions that could be used to reduce risk of harm from immuno-suppressive drug therapy. The data collected can be used to generate an FMEA for agreement and use by a multidisciplinary team. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3414 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (6.611Mb) -
Patwardhan, Sayali (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The aim of this study is to find out whether the Swedish primary education system reflects an effort to integrate the Roma into Swedish society from a human rights perspective. This study compares the situation in law, as stated in the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Law on National Minorities and National Minority Languages (a Swedish national legislation), and the Swedish national policy on integration and multiculturalism, with the situation of education of the Roma in the city of Gothenburg. This study investigates two things. The first, is whether municipal officials, school principals and teachers, consider education as a medium of integration of minority communities into mainstream society. And the second is whether these officials, principals and teachers look at the education of the Roma from a human rights perspective. The scholarly work on the topics of integration of minorities, multiculturalism, segregation, and the role of education and the native language in the process of integration, forms the theoretical background of this study. The data used in this study has been collected in two ways, through documents and interviews. Interviews have been conducted with municipal officials, school principals and teachers. The methodology used to analyse the data is qualitative thematic analysis. This study shows that in law, there can be seen a clear effort to integrate the Roma into Swedish society from a human rights perspective. However, the ground reality does not in all cases live up to this legal standard, and there are a variety of reasons why the situation is thus. Effectively, the result is that a law having a lot of potential is practically rendered of little use, thereby creating a great discrepancy between human rights in law and human rights in practice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3503 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (864.1Kb) -
Paulsen, Britt (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-Nov-2011)[+][-]
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Paulsen, Erna-Elise (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Sep-2003)[+][-]
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Paulsen, Geir Arne (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 14-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Har du noen gang opplevd å tenke på noen, og like etterpå tilfeldigvis møtt den samme personen? Eller har du midt i en samtale oppdaget at den du snakker med står og forteller deg akkurat det du selv tenkte på for et øyeblikk siden, uten at du fortalte det på forhånd? Man kan undres over hvordan slike hendelser henger sammen. Ofte oppleves disse hendelsene som påfallende og uforklarlige, til forskjell fra hendelser der vi kan se en klar sammenheng. De klare sammenhengene er årsaksbestemte og kan kalles kausale sammenhenger, mens de merkelige, påfallende hendelsene er akausale. Den sistnevnte typen sammenhenger krever en annen måte å oppfatte virkeligheten på enn det som er alminnelig i dag for å kunne forklares. I denne oppgaven presenterer jeg alternative måter å forklare virkeligheten på, som f.eks. tanken om det holografiske universet, der hver enkelt ting i verden inneholder informasjon om resten av universet. Jeg tar også for meg klassisk gresk elementlære som alternativ til forståelse av virkelighetens struktur for å kunne forklare akausale sammenhenger. Mot slutten av oppgaven reflekterer jeg over Sung-dynastiets kinesiske filosofi for ca. 1000 år siden og funderer over muligheten for at alle forbindelser mellom alle ting og hendelser i universet henger sammen i det jeg kaller for det udifferensierte, enten disse sammenhengene er årsaksbestemte (kausale) eller ikke (akausale). Til sist ser jeg på hvordan mangfoldigheten av ting i universet gjenspeiler en enhet - en ytterste sammenheng - mellom de værende ting. Slik fullfører jeg i denne oppgaven min refleksjon over muligheten for det udifferensierte som de værende tings bindeledd og mangfoldighetens enhet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1514 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (575.6Kb) -
Paulsen, Ingvild Synøve (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 20-May-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: Oppgaven tar for seg Pilgrimsleden fra Oslo til Trondheim som kulturminne, og som sted. Ved bruk av kvalitative metoder har jeg undersøkt hvordan vandrere langs Pilgrimsleden, i Dovre og Oppdal kommuner, opplever turen, naturen og kulturen underveis. Det viser seg at vandrere er mindre opptatt av kulturminner enn det jeg hadde forventet av en kultur- og natursti. Pilgrimen som symbol og metafor er viktig. Men pilgrimen er også viktig som en representant for fortiden, i betydningen: han som tråket stien. Med grunnlag i en forståelse av sted som møtested; mellom mennesker, mellom mennesker og ting, og mellom ulike forståelser og identiteter, ønsker jeg å belyse på hvilke måter vandrere forholder til veien, og til kulturminner langs leden. Vandrere er både og. De er både turister og pilgrimer, de har både sakrale og profane opplevelser av natur og kultur. Aktiviteten å gå, knytter vandrerne til landskap og steder, og gir turen og stedene mening. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/107 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (3.656Mb) -
Paulsen, Linda; Strindberg, Anette (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Several studies conducted in the latest decades in Norway have shown a remarkable decrease in the edentulous population. This along with the overall increase in the number of elderly presents tremendous challenges for the healthcare system in the future. Dementia is a condition that further complicates the oral health situation in the elderly population. In this pilot study we wanted to investigate whether there were any differences in the oral health status between the demented and the non-demented patients living in a nursing home in northern Norway. Looking at the dental records of 28 subjects we concluded that there were no differences of statistical significance related to dementia between the two groups. However, we could investigate other aspects such as geographical differences, age and gender, and comparing our results to former studies in Norway. Many of the dental records lacked information about health, medication and dental status. This not only makes it difficult to conduct a study, but could also compromise the ability of a dental practitioner to offer the correct treatment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4196 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (197.1Kb) -
Paulsen, Silje (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Jun-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Perspektivet i denne oppgaven er rettet inn mot ungdommer med erfaring fra tre utvalgte regionale ungdomsråd i Nord-Norge. Fokuset er på medlemmenes opplevelse av innflytelse og demokrati i ungdomsrådet. Videre måles politisk engasjement, politisk tillit og politisk deltakelse. Den landsdekkende kartleggingen til Skimmeli (2000) av kommuners motivasjon for å opprette ungdomsråd er et viktig bakteppe for oppgaven. To sentrale begrunnelser avdekkes. Et overordnet mål er å sikre den sosiale gruppen ungdom brukermedvirkning, en annen sterk motivasjon er at organene kan bidra til økt politisk deltakelse og oppdra de unge til å bli demokratiske borgere. Jeg søker å belyse hvorvidt disse intensjonene oppfylles av de regionale ungdomsrådene i Nord-Norge som undersøkes i denne oppgaven. Undersøkelsen bekrefter tidligere funn i forskningen på ungdomsråd. De regionale ungdomsrådene har mange av de samme utfordringene som allerede er påvist for fenomenet. Det kan fremstå som det er uklart for respondentene hvorvidt ungdomsrådet egentlig har innflytelse. Både den kvantitative og den kvalitative undersøkelsen viser at ungdomsrådet kommer for sent inn i prosessene til å ha reell påvirkningsmulighet. Det er også sterk bevissthet om problemer knyttet til legitimitet og representativitet i ungdomsrådet. Flere av informantene i den kvalitative undersøkelsen er opptatt av at ungdomsrådet må rette seg mer inn mot horisontale aktiviteter, slik at de tydeliggjør seg for det brede lag av ungdom. For øvrig preges arbeidet i rådene av den vertikale plasseringen i styringskjeden når det kommer til saksarbeid og formaliteter. Det viser seg at ungdomsrådene er styrt og kontrollert av forvaltningen, som til dels velger hvilke saker som kommer til rådet. I den kvalitative analysen beskriver en av informantene at ungdomsrådet domineres av voksenstyring og at de voksnes kontroll i noen tilfeller bidrar til å gjøre arbeidet mindre demokratisk. Forskningsprosjektet viser at de som har vært medlem av de studerte regionale ungdomsrådene er mer politisk engasjerte og aktive sammenliknet med funnene fra Medborgerundersøkelsen for aldersgruppen 18 til 30 år. Resultatet er i tråd med forventningene. Ungdomsrådsutvalget har også sterkere vertikal politisk tillit sammenliknet med Medborgerundersøkelsen. Et viktig funn er at ungdomsrådsutvalget har et kumulativt deltakelsesmønster der konvensjonell politisk deltakelse dominerer. Dette bryter med tendensene for gruppen ungdom, som er aksjonsorienterte og mindre aktive i konvensjonelle kanaler (Ødegård 2009). Det er vanskelig å vurdere i hvilken grad ungdomsrådet har påvirket engasjementet og deltakelsesmønsteret i utvalget, og det må fremheves at flertallet av respondentene hadde organisasjonserfaring før de ble med i rådet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2732 File(s) in this item: 6
Appendiks1.pdf (108.7Kb)Appendiks2.pdf (289.9Kb)Appendiks3.pdf (26.07Kb)Appendiks4.pdf (86.31Kb)(more files) -
Paulsen, Victoria; Blencke, Hans-Matti; Benincasa, Monica; Haug, Tor; Eksteen, Jacobus Johannes; Styrvold, Olaf B.; Scocchi, Marco; Stensvåg, Klara (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Arasin 1 is a 37 amino acid long proline-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from the spider crab, Hyas araneus. In this work the active region of arasin 1 was identified through structure-activity studies using different peptide fragments derived from the arasin 1 sequence. The pharmacophore was found to be located in the proline/arginine-rich NH2 terminus of the peptide and the fragment arasin 1(1–23) was almost equally active to the full length peptide. Arasin 1 and its active fragment arasin 1(1–23) were shown to be non-toxic to human red blood cells and arasin 1(1–23) was able to bind chitin, a component of fungal cell walls and the crustacean shell. The mode of action of the fully active N-terminal arasin 1(1–23) was explored through killing kinetic and membrane permeabilization studies. At the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), arasin 1(1–23) was not bactericidal and had no membrane disruptive effect. In contrast, at concentrations of 5×MIC and above it was bactericidal and interfered with membrane integrity. We conclude that arasin 1(1–23) has a different mode of action than lytic peptides, like cecropin P1. Thus, we suggest a dual mode of action for arasin 1(1–23) involving membrane disruption at peptide concentrations above MIC, and an alternative mechanism of action, possibly involving intracellular targets, at MIC. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4925 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (840.3Kb) -
Paulsen, Øyvin (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 06-Jun-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: This thesis has tested the Farm-Retail price transmission for Norwegian salmon exports to France. By the use of public data for farm level price in Norway, export level price in Norway, retail level price in France, transportation costs and currency exchange rates the price transmission for the Norway-France value chain has been investigated. Tests of asymmetric price transmission were also conducted. Results show that the farm-export linkage is stronger than the export-retail linkage with respect to the price pass through. Both transportation costs and currency exchange rates significantly influences the price transmission elasticity. There is evidence of asymmetric price transmission in the value chain. The price changes at the export level respond more to a decrease in the farm level price than to an increase. The Salmon Agreement between Norway and the EU significantly influenced the market mechanism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1014 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (705.0Kb) -
Paulsrud, Hilde; Olsen, Vegard (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Aug-2002)[+][-]
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Paunas, Teodora Ioana (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Sep-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Infarct size can be limited by interventions used after the ischemic event like the use of thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Paradoxically, however, the return of blood flow can also result in additional cardiac damage and complications, referred to as reperfusion injury. It has been shown that reperfusion injuries can be decreased by postconditioning- rapid intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion, or post-treatment using various drug therapies which applied during reperfusion can reduce infarct size. H2S, a gas that is synthesized in mammalian tissue, has been reported to be cardioprotective during ischemia-reperfusion injury. The means by which H2S is cardioprotective during I/R are believed to be: the opening of the sarcolemmal KATP channel, the generation of antiapoptotic effects inside the cells as well as a direct antioxidant effect. Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produce within cells and play important roles in cell signaling, cellular homeostasis, differentiation and apoptosis. However an excessive increase in the level of ROS can be harmful and has been proposed to play crucial roles or contribute in the development of various diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of H2S in an acute ischemia-reperfusion model and to determine whether exogenous administration of H2S in both healthy rats and rats exposed to experimental models of cardiac disease influenced the production of ROS. In order to do this we established a method trough which we were able to measure the presence of ROS in heart tissue samples harvested from normal rats and rats with heart hypertrophy and ischemic heart disease. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3726 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.535Mb) -
Pawlowska, J.; Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria; Zajaczkowski, Marek; Nygård, Henrik Andreas; Berge, Jørgen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Strong environmental seasonality is a basic feature of the Arctic system, still there are few published records of the seasonal variability of the Arctic marine biota. This study examined the year-round seasonal changes of soft bottom macro- and meiobenthic standing stocks and diversity on a station located in an Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Spitsbergen). The seasonality observed in benthic biota was related to the pelagic processes, primarily the seasonal fluxes of organic and inorganic particles. The highest abundance, biomass and richness of benthic fauna occurred in the spring after the phytoplankton bloom. During the summer, when a high load of glacial mineral material was transported to the fiord, the number of both meio- and macrobenthic individuals decreased remarkably. The strong inorganic sedimentation in summer was accompanied by a decline in macrobenthic species richness, but had no effects on evenness. Redundancy analysis (RDA) pointed to granulometric composition of sediments (depended on mineral sedimentation) and organic fluxes as factors best related to meio- and macrobenthic taxonomic composition, but no clear seasonal trend could be observed on the nMDS plots based on meiobenthic higher taxa or macrobenthic species abundances in the samples. This study addresses the possible effects of changes in the winter ice cover on the fjordic benthic systems because it was performed in a year with no ice cover on the fjord. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4001 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (504.2Kb)
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