Institutt for klinisk odontologi

Kunnskap og samhandling om munnhelse hos eldre på sykehjem

2017-05-10T02:58:37Z

Magnussen, Dina Caroline; Tømmerek, Marit Irene; Lind, Elisabeth Kristensdatter Britten
I denne oppgaven tar vi for oss den utfordringen samfunnet står overfor med en økende generasjon eldre som bor på institusjon, og som har flere egne tenner enn tidligere. Vi har som en del av oppgaven besøkt to tannklinikker, et sykehjem og to klasser ved Helse – og oppvekstutdanningen på en videregående skole i en liten kommune i Nord-Norge med omtrent 8000 innbyggere. Vårt ønske var å se på kompetansen, behovet, utdanningen og samarbeidet mellom de ulike yrkesgruppene. Dette har vi gjort ved hjelp av intervjuer og samtaler, samt bruk av spørreskjemaer.

Selvopplevd oral helse hos eldre i Troms i alderen 67 til 79 år

2017-05-01T01:31:23Z

Stormo, Johanne A.; Kristiansen, Kristina B.; Pettersen, Bente K.
Mål med studien: Målet med oppgaven var å kartlegge den selvopplevde orale helsen hos et utvalg eldre i aldersgruppen 67 til 79 år i Troms fylke. Vi ville også undersøke hvordan den selvopplevde tannhelsen påvirkes av tannstatus, munntørrhet og selvopplevd generell helse. Material og metode: Oppgaven baserer seg på materiale innhentet fra prosjektet «Tromstannen – munnhelse i Troms fylkeskommune» fra 2013. Våre analyser er basert på 264 respondenter i aldersgruppen 67-79år. Svar fra spørreskjema ble koblet mot data fra kliniske undersøkelser (røntgenbilder og kliniske foto). I tillegg gjennomførte vi litteratursøk på blant annet Pubmed.gov. Resultater: Resultatene viser at få har proteser, og at andelen med egne tenner er høy. Vi fikk bekreftet hypotesene «Eldre med 20 eller flere tenner har bedre selvopplevd tannhelse», «Pasienter med protese har dårlig selvopplevd tannhelse» og «Mennesker med nedsatt generell helse har dårlig selvopplevd tannhelse». Mens hypotesen «Munntørrhet gir dårligere selvopplevd tannhelse» ble avkreftet. Konklusjon: Tannstatusen i Nord-Norge synes å ha bedret seg betraktelig i løpet av de siste 20 årene, og er nå på samme nivå som resten av landet. Antall tenner spiller en viktig rolle både for egenvurdering av tannhelse og den generelle helse.

Implantatforankret dekkprotese i underkjeven. Pasientens opplevelse av behandling og behandlingsforløp

2017-05-01T01:31:36Z

Eriksen, Lise Lillevåg; Reierth, Maren; Børseth, Magnus
Abstrakt Målsetning: Målsettingen er å undersøke hvor godt pasienter som har fått behandling med implantatforankret dekkprotese i underkjeven er informert i forhold til behandlingsforløp og tidsperspektiv, mulige komplikasjoner og hvilken egeninnsats som kreves i forhold til hygiene i ettertid. Material og Metode: Data ble samlet inn ved hjelp av et selvrapporterende spørreskjema. Spørreundersøkelsen består av 21 spørsmål med svaralternativ. Utvalget var de 24 pasienter som i perioden 01.01.2014 - 01.06.2015 mottok behandling med implantatforankret dekkprotese i underkjeven ved TkNN/protetikk. Resultater: Av de 24 som fikk tilsendt spørreundersøkelsen valgte 20 (83%) å delta. Av disse tilhørte 10 pasienter gruppe C og 10 pasienter gruppe F. Tre fjerdedeler av deltakerne var fornøyde med sin tannimplantatbehandling til tross for at halvparten opplevde implantatinnsetting som ubehagelig og 40% svarte at de ikke ville gjentatt behandlingen. De som hadde vært lengst tannløs var minst fornøyd med resultatet, mens pasienter med kortvarig tannløshet var fornøyde. En tredjedel opplever renhold av to enkle implantater som vanskelig. En del av svarene til enkelte spørsmål indikerer en brist mellom informasjon pasientene mottar og hva de faktisk sitter igjen med. En tredjedel av pasientene svarer at de ikke var fornøyd med informasjonen som ble gitt før og etter operasjonen. Konklusjon: Resultatene fra denne studie viser behovet for en forbedring av informasjon som omhandler tannimplantatbehandlinger ved TkNN/Protetikk. Informasjonen bør ses over og forbedres, noe som kan betraktes som et ledd i et kvalitetsutviklingsarbeid. En kvalitativ studie ville kunne belyse disse deltakernes meninger i et dypere perspektiv, hvilket kan gi pasientene som behandles med tannimplantater en positiv erfaring med hensyn til behandlingsopplevelse, resultat, informasjon, egenomsorg, behandlingsalternativ og forventning.

Antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in dental practice

2017-05-01T01:31:35Z

Ytreland, Kristian J.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an increasing problem in health care settings worldwide. After approximately 70 years of antibiotic use, the bacteria have developed mechanisms that let them survive antibiotic treatment. The use of antibiotics is an important factor in resistance development. Norwegian dentists prescribe approximately 5.3% of the total antibiotics consumed in the country. Dentists tend to use mostly β-Lactam antibiotics, metronidazoles, macrolides, lincosamides and tetracylines. Bacteria can develop resistance to all kinds of antibiotics, by acquiring genetic traits that confer resistance to antibiotics. Horizontal gene transfer is the most effective way for bacteria to acquire new genes. Several genes are known to code for resistance against several antibiotics. Many of these genes can be found in bacteria residing in the oral cavity. To ensure rational antibiotic prescribing practices, national guidelines for antibiotic use are developed in several countries. The Norwegian ones mention two main indications for the use of these drugs in dental practice. These are specified cases of acute odontogenic infections and in some forms of periodontitis. The United Kingdom also has guidelines for prescribing antibiotic in dental practice, but these contain some differences which are highlighted in this review. The aim of this paper is to summarize and organize information about antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance to better understand the topic and the challenging situation the global society faces today; with a special focus on dental practice. An account to simplify and explain important terms used in the field of microbiology, essential to understand antibiotic resistance, are attempted. The information is mostly gathered from relevant articles published at PubMed, mainly consisting of recent publications from the last ten years. Other sources used in the current paper are published theses and internet resources from reliable organizations, such as WHO and the Norwegian FHI.

Tann- og munnstell hos eldre i institusjon

2017-05-01T01:31:34Z

Andreassen, Therese; Rist, Ingeborg; Solstrand, Tina
Many studies show that the daily oral hygiene habits and dental care of elderly patients in nursing homes, are not satisfactory and that this poses a risk for both oral and general health. A growing number of seniors have kept their own teeth, and will be a large group of patients for us to treat as future dentists. The aim of this study was to survey attitudes exist among dental and nursing staff regarding the oral health of institutionalized elderly patients. We collected relevant articles from journals for dental personnel published during the last decade in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. To gain even more knowledge, we chose to interview nursing staff at two different nursing homes and dental staff at two dental clinics, in two municipalities in Northern Norway. The content of the articles was used as basis for the interviews. The results showed that the daily routines for dental care were relatively similar in the two nursing homes. However, there were differences in regards to how the equipment cost for oral care was covered. The nurses were satisfied with the guidance and teaching they received from the dental hygienists, but they wished to have more knowledge about oral health and related factors. The dental hygienists felt they needed more time to work with both patients and staff in the nursing homes. The co-operation between the dental clinic and the nursing home was considered to be good in one of the municipalities, but challenging in the other one. In the last case, the residents of the nursing home had greater treatment needs than in the other nursing home. We conclude that the nursing staff felt they had enough time to help the patients with proper daily oral hygiene routines, but they needed more knowledge about oral health. The dental hygienists believed that co-operation between the dental clinic and nursing home could be improved.

Risk factors for erosive tooth wear in a healthy lifestyle

2017-05-01T01:31:33Z

Kynsveen, Birgit; Sæterstad, Maren Lunde
Dental erosive wear is of growing concern among clinicians, and it is of general belief that the prevalence of erosive wear among children, adolescents and young adults has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for erosive tooth wear in a group of physically active people in a training centre in Tromsø, Norway. The hypothesis was that individuals with a pronounced healthy lifestyle with frequent physical exercise and specific dietary habits could have an increased risk for developing erosive tooth wear. 211 people who visited the training centre completed a questionnaire anonymously, with age ranging from 15 to 67 years old. The results showed that the participants had good oral hygiene habits and regular visits to the dentist. Most of them did not show increased risk in the pattern of consumption of sour drinks, sour foods, and sports drinks. Some of them drank nutritional supplements during exercise, most of the participants with high intake of these supplements were men. Most of the participants in this study did not report habits that indicated an increased risk for erosive tooth wear in their healthy lifestyle.

Gruppe D og Den Offentlige Tannhelsetjenesten. En studie om pasientgruppe D, deres kjennskap til egne rettigheter og bruk av tannhelsetilbudet

2017-05-01T01:31:32Z

Thomassen, Benedicte Fjellstad; Ståland, Maria Anita; Dahl, Marthe Emilie
En studie om pasientgruppe D, deres kjennskap til egne rettigheter og bruk av tannhelsetilbudet.

Forekomst av dental fluorose i Tromsø og Balsfjord. Basert på material fra Fit-Futures.

2017-05-01T01:31:22Z

Rygh, Solveig Blikra; Alexandersen, Trude Merethe
Studiens bakgrunn: Det finnes fra før av få studier på fluorose i en normalpopulasjon, inkludert i Norge. Hensikt med studien: Undersøke og sammenligne forekomsten av dental fluorose i to antatt lavfluoriderte områder, og se det i sammenheng med fluorkonsentrasjonen i drikkevannet. Metode: 130 tilfeldige, anonymiserte kasus fra Tromsø og Balsfjord med kliniske foto ble hentet ut fra Fit Futures studien (Tromsø undersøkelsen). Det ble satt tentative diagnoser ut fra de kliniske fotoene, og de ble ført inn i SPSS for statistisk analyse. Hovedresultat: Vi fant en forekomst av fluorose på 5%. Konklusjon: Vi kan ikke trekke noen slutning om forekomsten av fluorose i Tromsø og Balsfjord. Man kan heller ikke se om det er noen sammenheng mellom forekomsten av fluorose og mengden fluor i drikkevannet i de to kommunene. Det bør gjøres flere studier på fluorose i en normalpopulasjon.

Do unpleasant sounds influence pain perception? The relationship between negative emotions, dental soundscapes and pain tolerance

2017-05-24T01:31:43Z

Torstensen, Trine; Brobakk, Hanne
Background: Dental treatment might involve invasive and potentially painful procedures, and most people report having experienced some degree of pain and negative emotions related to dental treatment. Experiences of painful treatment appear related to development and maintenance of dental anxiety. Since it has been documented that negative emotions influence perception of pain we sought to investigate if sound stimuli from dental treatment are perceived as unpleasant and how this might influence pain tolerance. Materials and Method: Fifty-six participants, 32 females and 24 males, were randomly distributed to listen to binaural audio recordings (soundscapes) from either a dental treatment situation or a walk at the beach. Participants rated the sounds for unpleasantness, and preand post measurements of pain tolerance were made with the PainMatcher device. Results: The results show that the sounds in the intervention group was perceived as more unpleasant (M = 4.32, SD = .83) than the sounds in the control group (M = 2.28, SD = 1.34), t(54) = 6.99, p < .001. No difference was found between pre and post pain tolerance measurements for the “dental” and “nature” groups. However, when groups were made based on self-reported unpleasantness, there was a difference in post pain tolerance measurements indicating that participants exposed to an unpleasant soundscape exhibited lower pain tolerance (M = 18.69) than participants perceiving sounds as less unpleasant (M = 25.90), F(1) = 6.87, p < .05. Conclusion: There was no significant reduction in pain tolerance between pre and post measurements based on the predetermined groups. Significant pain tolerance reduction was found for post measurements when the participants were divided in groups according to their self-reported unpleasantness.

Presence and Levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Saliva from Dental Students in Tromsø. Investigation of cfxA and erm(B) in Saliva Samples

2017-05-24T01:31:28Z

Christensen, Tone Mohini; Sørensen, Torunn Kvalvik
Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem that threatens humankind. Extensive use of antibiotics has led to an increase in the prevalence of resistant bacterial strains. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and levels of antimicrobial resistance genes, i.e. cfxA and erm(B), in saliva obtained from dental students, and to assess the relationship between the prevalence of these genes and commitment to hygiene procedures and habits by dental students in the clinics. Materials and method: A questionnaire was used to report the demographic data, attitudes and hygiene practices of 1st- and 5th-year dental students. Together with the questionnaire whole saliva samples were collected from the study subjects. DNA was extracted from the samples followed by amplification and quantification of the resistance genes using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results: We detected the resistance genes in almost all the participants, with cfxA detected in 100% of the samples and erm(B) detected in 94%. However, our result suggested that there is no significant difference in level of resistance genes between the 1st- and 5th-year dental students. On the other hand, significant difference was found between participant who had a history of taking antibiotics in the past and levels of erm(B) resistance gene in their saliva. Conclusion: It seems that the use of saliva samples as a biological sample companied with the sensitivity of ddPCR could be used as a diagnostic tool to reveal the presence and levels of resistance genes in a given individual. It also seems that the high levels of cfxA compared to that of erm(B) reflect the use of β-lactam antibiotics in the society. What we still do not know is the clinical aspect regarding the resistance gene. At what level of a particular resistance gene one could predict a failure of an antibiotic treatment aiming to affect a bacteria with that gene.