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Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (psykologi) by Author
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Laeng, Bruno; Ørbo, Marte; Holmlund, Terje; Miozzo, Michele (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: We recorded the pupil diameters of participants performing the words’ color-naming Stroop task (i.e., naming the color of a word that names a color). Non-color words were used as baseline to firmly establish the effects of semantic relatedness induced by color word distractors. We replicated the classic Stroop effects of color congruency and color incongruency with pupillary diameter recordings: relative to non-color words, pupil diameters increased for color distractors that differed from color responses, while they reduced for color distractors that were identical to color responses. Analyses of the time courses of pupil responses revealed further differences between colorcongruent and color-incongruent distractors, with the latter inducing a steep increase of pupil size and the former a relatively lower increase. Consistent with previous findings that have demonstrated that pupil size increases as task demands rise, the present results indicate that pupillometry is a robust measure of Stroop interference, and it represents a valuable addition to the cognitive scientist’s toolbox. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3906 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (329.0Kb) -
Løhr, Hildegard Dorothea; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Wynn, Rolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: We describe a psychoeducational program integrated in a basic computer skills course for participants suffering from social anxiety. The two main aims of the course were: that the participants learn basic computer skills, and that the participants learn to cope better with social anxiety. Computer skills were taught by a qualified teacher. Psychoeducation and cognitive therapy skills, including topics such as anxiety coping, self-accept, and self-regulation, were taught by a clinical psychologist. Thirteen of 16 participants completed the course, which lasted 11 weeks. A qualitative analysis was performed, drawing on observations during the course and on interviews with the participants. The participants were positive about the integration of psychoeducation sessions in the computer course, and described positive outcomes for both elements, including improved computer skills, improved self-esteem, and reduced social anxiety. Most participants were motivated to undertake further occupational rehabilitation after the course. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3593 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (188.7Kb) -
Mathiassen, Børge Idar; Brøndbo, Per Håkan; Waterloo, Knut; Martinussen, Monica; Eriksen, Mads; Hanssen-Bauer, Ketil; Kvernmo, Siv (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for mental health disorders, but even with the most efficacious treatment, many patients do not experience improvement. Moderator analysis can identify the conditions under which treatment is effective or whether there are factors that can attenuate the effects of treatment. In this study, linear mixed model analysis was used to examine whether the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third Edition, moderated outcomes in general functioning and symptom load. A total of 132 patients treated at three outpatient child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) were assessed at three different time points. The Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) were used to measure the severity of impairments in general functioning and symptom load. IQ was assessed at the start of treatment. Moderator analysis revealed that the FSIQ × time interaction predicted changes in CGAS scores (p < .01), and that the PIQ × time interaction predicted changes in HoNOSCA scores (p < .05). The slopes and intercepts in HoNOSCA scores covaried negatively and significantly (p < .05). The same pattern was not detected for the CGAS scores (p = .08). FISQ and PIQ moderated change in general functioning and symptom load, respectively. This implies that patients with higher IQ scores had a steeper improvement slope than those with lower scores. The patients with the highest initial symptom loads showed the greatest improvement, this pattern was not found in the improvement of general functioning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4959 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (206.1Kb) -
Myklebust, Lars Henrik Ryther; Olstad, Reidun E.; Bjorbekkmo, Svein; Eisemann, Martin; Wynn, Rolf; Sørgaard, Knut (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The issue of continuity of care is central in contemporary psychiatric services research. In Norway, inpatient admissions are mainly to take place locally, in a system of small bed-units that represent an alternative to traditional central psychiatric hospitals. This type of organization may be advantageous for accessibility and cooperation, but has been given little scientific attention. To study whether inpatients’ utilization of outpatient services differ between an area with a decentralized care model in comparison to an adjacent area with a partly centralized model. The study was based on data from a one-year registered prevalence sample, drawing on routinely sampled data supplemented with data from medical records. Service-utilization for 247 inpatients was analyzed. The results were controlled for diagnosis, demographic variables, type of service system, localization of inpatient admissions, and length of hospitalization. Most inpatients in the area with the decentralized care model also utilized outpatient consultations, whereas a considerable number of inpatients in the area with a partly centralized model did not enter outpatient care at all. Type of service system, localization of inpatient admission, and length of hospitalization predicted inpatients’ utilization of outpatient consultations. The results are discussed in the light of systems integration, particularly management-arrangements and clinical bridging over the transitional phase from inpatient to outpatient care. Inpatients’ utilization of outpatient services differed between an area with a decentralized care model in comparison to an adjacent area with a partly centralized care model. In the areas studied, extensive decentralization of the psychiatric services positively affected coordination of inpatient and outpatient services for people with severe psychiatric disorders. Small, local-bed units may therefore represent a favourable alternative to traditional central psychiatric hospitals. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3916 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (568.1Kb) -
Porzsolt, Franz; Wyers, Peter; Eisemann, Martin; Habs, Michael (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Rising concern for demonstrated real world comparative effectiveness has heightened interest in “pragmatic trials” design. Pragmatic trials investigate whether the efficacy, presumed or found in explanatory trials under ideal conditions, can also be detected under real world conditions, i.e. effectiveness. It is also recognized that ‘real world’ effects which are usually addressed in public health research gain growing interest in confirming the ‘road capability’ of results obtained under ideal study conditions. This paper demonstrates that studies under ideal or real world conditions use different methods, generate different information and cannot replace each other. The PCT design meets four requirements of public health and of effectiveness research. It includes all individuals who presented with the selected condition. It classifies the included individuals according to baseline risks. It enables plausibility controls. Finally, it compares the outcomes resulting from specified and not-specified interventions or treatments. We propose a pragmatic controlled trial (PCT) design in which patient preference and other co-factors crucial in determining the actual effectiveness of interventional options will not be neutralized by concealed randomization and blinding. This design is applicable to record the selected interventions and generated outcomes in day-to-day health care and is capable of incorporating preference and other participative factors into assessment of effectiveness. The PCT design is useful for public health research, e.g. the effectiveness of interventions to change smoking habits or to prevent death from breast cancer, as well as for comparative effectiveness research where it will supplement the traditional randomized controlled trial (RCT). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4960 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (246.6Kb) -
Rasmussen, Martin; Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Most people must remember various numeric passwords, security codes and PIN numbers for banking, credit cards, debit cards, online accounts, mobile phones, door locks, luggage locks, etc. One pilot study (N=13) developed a list of eleven strategies for remembering numeric codes, and another (N=15) optimized the research questionnaire which asked respondents about a) the number of security codes they had, b) the number of self-created codes, c) mnemonic strategies used, d) problems and effort remembering codes, and e) gender, age, and education. Respondents (N=388) had a median of 4 security codes and typically used 2 different memory strategies, the most common of which were based on repetition and on keypad pattern. Difficulties remembering codes were unrelated to gender or education but were positively correlated with age and with number of strategies used. Self-creation of codes slightly reduced difficulties remembering numeric codes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3031 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (229.8Kb) -
Rosenvinge, Jan H; Clausen, Loa; Rokkedal, Kristian; Friborg, Oddgeir (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) is used worldwide in research and clinical work. The 3rd version (EDI-3) has been used in recent research, yet without any independent testing of its psychometric properties. The aim of the present study was twofold: 1) to establish national norms and to compare them with the US and international norms, and 2) to examine the factor structure, the internal consistency, the sensitivity and the specificity of subscale scores. Participants were Danish adult female patients (N = 561) from a specialist treatment centre and a control group (N = 878) of women selected from the Danish Civil Registration system. Small but significant differences were found between Danish and international, as well as US norms. Overall, the internal consistency of the subscales was satisfactory, the factor structure was confirmed, the discriminative validity was good, and sensitivity and specificity were excellent. The implications from these results are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3203 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (441.6Kb) -
Rosenvinge, Jan H; Pettersen, Gunn; Olstad, Reidun E. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the paper is to study the ranking of disorders according to their perceived importance. Previous studies suggest that rankings according to the perceived or attributed “value” or importance create informal hierarchies of disorders on normative attitudes about symptoms, treatment and outcome. In this work we studied disorder ranking in the general population and among health professionals, and some possible explaining factors. Data source: 1,127 adults representative of the Norwegian National Population Register participated, of whom 220 representatives were of the broad range of health professionals. Study design: Respondents completed a survey questionnaire within a cross-sectional design. Principal findings: Somatic disorders were given the highest rank, but mental disorders were ranked higher than in previous studies. Modest effects were found for explaining variables. Conclusion: The general population rankings of disorders do not differ greatly from rankings made by health professionals. The impact of personalized variables was modest, indicating the need for future studies to explore the impact of more social and culture variables. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3201 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (644.6Kb) -
Rosenvinge, Jan H.; Vrabel, KariAnne R.; Hoffart, Asle; Rø, Øyvind; Martinsen, Egil W. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 16-Dec-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Few consistent predictive factors for eating disorder have been identified across studies. In the current five year prospective study, the objective was to examine whether (1) personality disorder and child sexual abuse predict the course of severity of eating disorder symptoms after inpatient treatment and (2) how the predictors interact. A total of 74 patients with long standing eating disorder and mean age of 30 years were assessed at the beginning and end of inpatient therapy and at one-, two- and five-year follow-up. Mixed model was used to examine the predictors. Avoidant personality disorder and child sexual abuse interacted in predicting high levels of eating disorder over a long-term course. These results suggest that eating disorder, avoidant personality disorder and sequelae after child sexual abuse are potential targets for treatment that need further investigation. Description: This is the accepted manuscript version. Reprinted with permission. Published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019857
The paper is part of KariAnne Vrabel's doktoral thesis, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2699URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2723 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (118.5Kb) -
Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2007)[+][-]
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Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Preprint; Manuskript, Oct-2003)[+][-]
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Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2006)[+][-]
Abstract: The acculturation paradigm of measuring assimilation, separation, integration and marginalization confuses dimensional and categorical conceptions of its constructs, fails to produce ipsative data from mutually exclusive scales, misoperationalizes marginalization as distress, mismeasures biculturalism using double-barreled questions instead of computing it from unicultural measures, and then tends to misinterpret and miscite this faulty science. Extensive published but widely uncited data cast doubt on claims that integration is preferred by minority groups or is beneficial for them. Such salient but unseen problems suggest that the community of acculturation researchers is biased and blinded by an ideology, probably the commendable ideology of liberalism, which advocates freedom of choice, tolerance, plurality, and redress of harm. Phenomenological observations that challenge the paradigm include the absence of studies of majority group acculturation, the well-replicated fact that minorities never prefer pure uniculturalism, the indistinctiveness of cultures, and the predominance of researchers, theory and data from similar Anglo-Saxon settler societies (USA, Australia, Canada). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1996 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (801.1Kb) -
Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: Quest begin in the vauge way, as an interest or an orientation, and maybe as a collection of skills. I was probably bent towards this quest at Queen's University, where I was mentored in cross-cultural psychology by John Berry, where I served as a TA in Milt Suboski's statistics and research methods courses, and where I learned the lore of history of psychology with David Murray. Quests often begin unplanned, by happenstance, one thing leading to another. In this case, it was my taking a position at the University of Tromsø, in Norway, arriving just when the first graduating class was seeking supervisors for their thesis research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1997 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (833.2Kb) -
Siebler, Frank; González, Roberto; Ordóñez, Gabriela; Bohner, Gerd; Haye, Andrés; Sirlopú, David; Millar, Andres; De Tezanos-Pinto, Pablo; Torres, David (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
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Siebler, Frank; Bohner, Gerd; Pina, Afroditi; Viki, G. Tendayi (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
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Siebler, Frank; Haye, Andrés; Gonzaléz, Roberto; Ordóñez, Gabriela; Bohner, Gerd; Sirlopú, David; Millar, Andrés; De Tezanos-Pinto, Pablo; Torres, David (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
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Sabelus, Saskia; Siebler, Frank; Bohner, Gerd (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)[+][-]
Abstract: A refined computer paradigm for assessing sexual harassment is presented, validated, and used for testing substantive hypotheses. Male participants were given an opportunity to send sexist jokes to a computer-simulated female chat partner. In Study 1 (N = 44), the harassment measure (number of sexist jokes sent) correlated positively with self-reported harassment proclivity. Study 2 (N = 77) included a more elaborate cover story, variations of the female target’s attitude (feminist vs. traditional) and physical attractiveness (low vs. high), and additional measures for construct validation. Results showed that harassment correlated positively with self-reported harassment proclivity, hostile sexism, and male identity. Feminist targets were harassed more than traditional targets, whereas target attractiveness had no effect. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. Description: This is the final author version, post refereeing, of the article. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2022 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (266.3Kb) -
Siebler, Frank (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)[+][-]
Abstract: In person perception, emergent attributes are attributes that people ascribe to members of a rare or novel category combination, although they would not ascribe the same attributes to members of either of the constituent categories. The present paper first describes the processing mechanisms suggested by three theoretical models of attribute emergence. Then, competing response time predictions are derived from the models’ respective mechanisms. An empirical test of these predictions in a laboratory experiment with university students (N = 45) is reported. Results support Hastie, Schroeder, and Weber’s (1990) two-stage model, but not Kunda, Miller, and Claire’s (1990) impression-formation model or Smith and DeCoster’s (1998) connectionist account. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1882 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (190.7Kb) -
Skre, Ingunn; Friborg, Oddgeir; Elgarøy, Sigmund; Evans, Chris; Myklebust, Lars Henrik Ryther; Lillevoll, Kjersti; Sørgaard, Knut; Hansen, Vidje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)[+][-]
Abstract: Background The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is a 34-item instrument developed to monitor clinically significant change in out-patients. The CORE-OM covers four domains: well-being, problems/symptoms, functioning and risk, and sums up in two total scores: the mean of All items, and the mean of All non-risk items. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian translation of the CORE-OM. Methods A clinical sample of 527 out-patients from North Norwegian specialist psychiatric services, and a non-clinical sample of 464 persons were obtained. The non-clinical sample was a convenience sample consisting of friends and family of health personnel, and of students of medicine and clinical psychology. Students also reported psychological stress. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed in half the clinical sample. Confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses modelling the theoretical sub-domains were performed in the remaining half of the clinical sample. Internal consistency, means, and gender and age differences were studied by comparing the clinical and non-clinical samples. Stability, effect of language (Norwegian versus English), and of psychological stress was studied in the sub-sample of students. Finally, cut-off scores were calculated, and distributions of scores were compared between clinical and non-clinical samples, and between students reporting stress or no stress. Results The results indicate that the CORE-OM both measures general (g) psychological distress and sub-domains, of which risk of harm separates most clearly from the g factor. Internal consistency, stability and cut-off scores compared well with the original English version. No, or only negligible, language effects were found. Gender differences were only found for the well-being domain in the non-clinical sample and for the risk domain in the clinical sample. Current patient status explained differences between clinical and non-clinical samples, also when gender and age were controlled for. Students reporting psychological distress during last week scored significantly higher than students reporting no stress. These results further validate the recommended cut-off point of 1 between clinical and non-clinical populations. Conclusions The CORE-OM in Norwegian has psychometric properties at the same level as the English original, and could be recommended for general clinical use. A cut-off point of 1 is recommended for both genders. Keywords: Outcome measure; CORE-OM; Translation; Reliability; Confirmatory factor analysis URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5072 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (422.7Kb) -
Skre, Ingunn; Braathen, Tonje; Hansen, Vidje; Lund, Eiliv (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
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