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- Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (Norges fiskerihøgskole) by Author
Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (Norges fiskerihøgskole) by Author
Now showing items 1-20 of 51
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Aanesen, Margrethe (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: In some bargaining situations, agreement has implications for agents beyond the parties involved, and if so, delays in reaching an agreement or failing to reach an agreement, when this would be profitable, may imply significant welfare losses. The question raised in this paper is whether the intervention of a government, who has a positive valuation of agreement and therefore offers a subsidy, will reduce such delays and inabilities to reach agreement? Based on a perfect Bayesian equilibrium in a sequential bargaining game with intervention, we show that in equilibrium intervention always reduces the ex ante equilibrium inefficiency and conditionally reduces expected delays in trade. However, for intervention in the form of a subsidy to take place, the aggregate of the seller’s reservation price and the externalities must be (almost) as high as the buyer’s upper valuation limit. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4225 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (181.9Kb) -
Didyk, Vladimir; Arbo, Peter; Nilssen, Inge Berg; Hersoug, Bjørn; Sand, Jan Yngve; Nygaard, Vigdis; Riabova, Larissa; Østbye, Stein (Research report; Forskningsrapport, Oct-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: The theme of this report is the regional socio-economic consequences of an extensive oil and gas development in the Barents Sea. The regional focus area includes Finnmark County and Murmansk Oblast. The introductory chapter explains the purpose of the study and the way the work has been done. The next two chapters provide a detailed account of the region and its basic characteristics. The general finding is that the region strongly needs a new stimulus to growth, but that it is badly prepared for receiving a coming oil and gas boom. The following chapter gives a brief overview of the oil and gas sectors in Norway and Russia and introduces the baseline scenario, which indicates the expected scale and scope of future petroleum activity in the Barents Sea. After this three scenarios are presented. They all have 2030 as their time horizon. The first scenario depicts the frontier - the Arctic vanguard – which is a flourishing region by 2030. The second scenario tells the story of the Arctic outsider; a region becoming more and more marginalized. The third scenario foresees a shifting balance, where oil and gas development mainly takes place on the Russian side of the border, leaving the whole region in the shadow of the new energy superpower. The final chapter sums up the key challenges of the region, discusses the scenarios, and highlights the basic preconditions for an extensive oil and gas development to benefit the region. Description: This report represents the views of the authors only and does not necessarily reflect the position of StatoilHydro ASA URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1242 File(s) in this item: 1
report.pdf (2.100Mb) -
Bjørn, Camilla; Håkansson, Joakim; Myhrman, Emma; Sjøstrand, Veronika; Haug, Tor; Lindgren, Kerstin; Blencke, Hans-Matti; Stensvåg, Klara; Mahlapuu, Margit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Bacterial resistance against antibiotic treatment has become a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternative agents for treatment of infectious diseases. This study characterizes novel synthetic peptides sequentially derived from the AMP centrocin 1, isolated from the green sea urchin, for their applicability as anti-infective agents.The microbicidal effect of centrocin 1 heavy chain (CEN1 HC-Br), its debrominated analogue (CEN1 HC), the C-terminal truncated variants of both peptides, i.e. CEN1 HC-Br (1--20) and CEN1 HC (1--20), as well as the cysteine to serine substituted equivalent CEN1 HC (Ser) was evaluated using minimal microbicidal concentration assay. The anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by measuring the inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. All the peptides tested exhibited marked microbicidal and anti-inflammatory properties. No difference in efficacy was seen comparing CEN1 HC-Br and CEN1 HC, while the brominated variant had higher cytotoxicity. C-terminal truncation of both peptides reduced salt-tolerability of the microbicidal effect as well as anti-inflammatory actions. Also, serine substitution of cysteine residue decreased the microbicidal effect. Thus, from the peptide variants tested, CEN1 HC showed the best efficacy and safety profile. Further, CEN1 HC significantly reduced bacterial counts in two different animal models of infected wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) failed to develop resistance against this peptide under continued selection pressure. In summary, CEN1 HC appears a promising new antimicrobial agent, and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the applicability of this AMP for local treatment of infections in man. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4932 File(s) in this item: 1
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Eide, Arne; Wikan, Arild (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
Abstract: We explore a fishery targeting the mature part of a stock, while bycatching the immature part. Both targeted catch and bycatch may have positive market values. Cost of effort is supposed to be a function of the selection properties of the fishing gears. Mature fish is assumed to cannibalise on the immature part of the stock. A bioeconomic model of the problem is set up and it is shown that the model possesses a unique nontrivial stable equilibrium and moreover that both cannibalism and catch act as stabilising factors. Necessary conditions for a bioeconomic optimum are also provided. The model is applied on the Northeast Arctic cod stock where time series of stock biomasses, catches and fishing mortality rates covering the period 1946-2000 have been used to estimate the model parameter values. The economic parameters have been estimated on the basis of previous open access to the fishery, assuming bioeconomic equilibrium. It is shown that bioeconomic optimum could not be obtained at any discount rate, without reducing the rate of fishing mortality, first of all on the mature part of the cod population. Description: This article is part of Arne Eide's doctoral thesis, which is available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2399
This is a manuscript version of the article. Published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2010.454.468URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2902 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (695.2Kb) -
Eide, Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Regional analyses of possible physical and biological effects of global warming in the Barents Sea area have been carried out recently. Based on such studies possible economic impacts of global warming on the Barents Sea fisheries have been quantified, assuming different types of management regimes. The EconSimp2000 model, consisting of the ecosystem model AggMult and the fleet model EconMult have been parameterized based on fleet and catch records from the Norwegian Barents Sea fisheries. The model has been used to study biological and economic impacts of different environmental scenarios representing possible consequences of global warming. The current environmental situation, including normal seasonal and other variations, has been used as a reference scenario. Several biological and economic indicators have been defined in order to evaluate the simulation results of different environmental scenarios and different types of management regimes. The findings support earlier studies where biological and economic impacts of changes in management regime is found to be more pronounced than impacts caused by effects of global warming. Description: This article is part of Arne Eide's doctoral thesis, which is available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2399 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2901 File(s) in this item: 1
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Eide, Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper investigates possible biological and economic effects of using marine sanctuaries as a management tool, employing cellular automata techniques to model biological growth and area distribution, assuming open access to the fish stock resources outside the protected area. The cellular automata model incorporates a fish harvest model based on standard assumptions. In agreement with previous studies this study confirms that large protected areas are necessary for significant impact on stock conservation, given standard assumptions. The conclusion may however not be equally unambiguous when employing more realistic scenarios, assuming non-uniform distribution of biomass and fishing effort. This study shows that significant stock conserving effects could be obtained even when less that 10% of the total distribution area of the stock is protected from fishing activities. Description: This article is a part of Arne Eides doctoral thesis. Available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2399 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3703 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (2.081Mb) -
Cludts, Katrien; Eilertsen, Karl-Erik; Mæhre, Hanne K; Hoylaerts, Marc; Olsen, Jan Ole (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
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Flaaten, Ola (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The relationship between annual growth in the catches of fishing nations and the quality of the institutions of those nations is analyzed. Catch volumes are used as a proxy for development, since economic performance indicators based on a common set of definitions do not exist. 49 major fishing nations were selected for this study, including 22 OECD countries and several developing countries. Three general good governance indices, for government-efficiency (World Bank), corruption (Transparency International) and competitiveness (World Economic Forum) and one fishery specific FAO Code of Conduct compliance index were used. The correlation between fisheries’ performance and the indices proved to be spurious, but OECD members achieved a statistically significant negative growth in catches between 1987 and 2007. The countries are divided into five groups, including ‘Winners’ and ‘Losers’, with reference to catch growth rates over two decades. Most of the OECD countries fell into the category ‘Losers’, whereas “Winners” includes many developing countries with lower quality institutions. Some countries had experienced an amazing growth in catches, while others had experienced a decline. The future prospects for both categories are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4597 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (553.9Kb) -
Flaaten, Ola (Book; Bok, May-2011)[+][-]
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Flåten, Ola (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 27-Aug-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper discusses actual and possible achievements and failures of Codland and examines it from the point of view of efficiency and in terms of distribution. It is argued in favour of the joint analysis of the two approaches when contemplating fisheries management reforms, since such reforms may create both winners and losers. The analysis demonstrates how rent drain from fishing communities and countries may occur despite significant resource rent creation. The change of the Codland economy is illustrated and compared to that of actual countries and to resource economic theory. It is concluded that if distributional and equity objectives matter, other instruments than ITQs, such as conditional tradable fish quotas and vessel licenses, resource taxes, co-management, public ownership, auctions, leases, time limited rights, time and area regulations, territorial user rights (TURFs) and marine protected areas (MPAs), should also be used. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2428 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (66.97Kb) -
Foley, Naomi; Armstrong, Claire W.; Kahui, Viktoria; Mikkelsen, Eirik Inge; Reithe, Siv (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper reviews the bioeconomic literature on habitat-fisheries connections. Many such connections have been explored in the bioeconomic literature; however, missing from the literature is an analysis merging the potential influences of habitat on both fish stocks and fisheries into one general, overarching theoretical model. We attempt to clarify the nature of linkages between the function of habitats and the economic activities they support.More specifically, we identify theoretically the ways that habitat may enter the standard Gordon-Schaefer model, and nest these interactions in the general model. Habitat influences are defined as either biophysical or bioeconomic. Biophysical effects relate to the functional role of habitat in the growth of the fish stock and may be either essential or facultative to the species. Bioeconomic interactions relate to the effect of habitat on fisheries and can be shown through either the harvest function or the profit function. We review how habitat loss can affect stock, effort, and harvest under open access and maximum economic yield managed fisheries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4481 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (693.9Kb) -
Foley, Naomi; Armstrong, Claire W. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Despite the growing scientific literature on cold-water corals (CWC) there appears to be no studies that address the economic values or economic management of the resource. This paper presents an overview of the goods and services of CWC and their associated biodiversity. Use and non-use values associated with CWC are presented, and the methods relevant for assessing their valuation are discussed. The impact of human induced disturbance on CWC is reviewed, in order to indicate how knowledge of CWC values can be used by policy makers in the management of CWC as a habitat and vehicle for biodiversity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3813 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (419.4Kb) -
Gonzalez, Clarence; Jentoft, Svein (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has always a step-zero, i.e., an initial phase when the idea is incepted, communicated and negotiated among stakeholders. What happens during this phase is likely to have an impact later on. If not done right, the management of the MPA may encounter problems at later stage that will be difficult to correct. Inspired by this working theory, this article describes the effort to establish the Pearl Cays off the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua as a protected area. This case-study illustrates the critical actions to be taken during step-zero, i.e., what needs to be considered and done before an MPA is formally declared. The area investigated consists of a number of small islands (cays) and coral reefs, fishing grounds and marine turtle nesting areas. Throughout history, the cays have played an important role in sustaining livelihoods of nearby communities. Although the idea of an MPA was originally conservation, the communities saw it as an opportunity to regain ownership and control of the cays. By Nicaraguan law, in order to establish protected areas, consultation and approval from local people is required. In the case of the Pearl Cays, this has proved difficult. The article demonstrates how MPA initiatives must sometimes relate to already ongoing complex social processes in the area where they are to be instigated. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4040 File(s) in this item: 1
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Herrmann, Bent; Sistiaga, Manu Berrondo; Nielsen, Kåre Nolde; Larsen, Roger B. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The majority of trawl selectivity studies for the three redfish species of particular commercial importance in North Atlantic fisheries: Sebastes marinus, Sebastes mentella and Sebastes fasciatus, are based on data collected from diamond mesh codends with mesh sizes ranging from 88 mm to 147 mm. We demonstrate how results from these studies can be understood by morphological characteristics of the species. We predict codend size selection based on morphological data collected from golden redfish (S. marinus) individuals. Further, consistent with previously reported morphological similarities between the three redfish species, we show the predictions for S. marinus may successfully be extrapolated to understand experimental codend size selectivity results reported for S. mentella and S. fasciatus. In addition to the comparison with previously reported data, we present new experimental results for a codend applied in Northeast Atlantic redfish trawl fishery. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5030 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (1.215Mb) -
Holm, Petter; Eliasen, Søren; Sverdrup-Jensen, Sten; Johnsen, Jahn Petter (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2009)[+][-]
Abstract: The waters surrounding the Nordic countries are rich in fish resources. Up to this date fisheries has been among the most important productive sectors in the Nordic economies, and in the Faroe Islands and Greenland it is by far the most important sector. Management of marine fisheries has over time had various objectives in the Nordic countries, ranging from fiscal and social purposes to stock conservation and socio-economic well-being in recent years. There are strong similarities between the Nordic countries, but differences in ecosystem and the socio-cultural settings of the fisheries have lead to differentiated management systems anyhow. The purpose of this note is to bring Nordic experience into the discussion of the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy. The discussion takes as its point of departure the so-called Green Paper in which the Commission has summarised the status of the EU fisheries and also put themes and questions up for discussion. The themes and cases of this note address issues which feature prominently in the Green Paper: reduction of over-capacity by establishing rights-based management systems, increase of the responsibility of the industry through development of co-management arrangements, and reduction of the discard of fish. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2462 File(s) in this item: 1
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Jentoft, Svein; Gonzalez, Clarence (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
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Vrba, Zeljko; Johansen, Dag; Halvorsen, Pål; Griwodz, Carsten; Beskow, Paul; Espeland, Håvard (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)[+][-]
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Johnsen, Jahn Petter; Vik, Jostein; Sønvisen, Signe Annie (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2009)[+][-]
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Johnsen, Jahn Petter; Nordstrand, Kristin Berg (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Fisketurismen – nye aktører i kystsamfunn? Hvert år deltar flere tusen fiskere i vårtorskefisket utenfor Lofoten og Vesterålen. Når skreien kommer inn til kysten i januar/februar for å gyte, starter det årlige eventyret som kalles Lofotfisket. Fiskerne tar i løpet av noen måneder opp rundt 40 000 tonn fisk. Men det er ikke bare yrkesfiskerne som strømmer til området under sesongen. Også turistene har for lengst fått øynene opp for eventyret, og reiselivsnæringa har travle dager i denne perioden. Ei ny næring kalt fisketurisme1 har hatt en sterk vekst langs norskekysten i de siste 10–15 år. I 2006 ble det anslått at det var mer enn 1000 bedrifter som tilbydde fiske til turister, og 70 prosent av disse bedriftene er etablert i perioden 1990–2000 (Borch, 2006). Reiselivsnæringas egne beregninger hevder at verdien av den i hovedsak utenlandske fisketurismen i sjøen i Norge i dag langt overstiger verdien av Lofotfisket, og ga mer enn 3 mrd. kroner i total omsetning i 2005 (Nordlys, 27. juli 2005). Description: Gjengitt med forlagets tillatelse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1849 File(s) in this item: 1
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Johnsen, Jahn Petter; Sinclair, Peter R.; Ripley, Paul (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2009)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper discusses power relations in the production of knowledge claims and the validation of management strategies. The experience of doing stock assessment science and creating management plans for Canada’s east coast cod fishery illustrates this general process. We demonstrate that the cyborgization of fisheries-management is limited by its inability to produce power for stabilizing the relations between managers, fishers, technology and fish. Lack of stability forces scientists and managers either to ignore a threat or to intervene by changing their strategy. Consensus is unlikely. Scientists and managers must reconsider reasons for action or lack of it, thus producing a new rationality. Managers attempt to control that reconstruction process in the interests of resolving shortterm challenges. Some scientists resist change and protect their earlier positions against new evidence or re-interpretations. The winning rationality has more to do with the power of the claimant than with the quality of reasoning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2461 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (187.2Kb)
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