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Now showing items 12-27 of 27
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Dalbakk, Jon Andre (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 14-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: “Alle elevar i grunnskolar og vidaregåande skolar har rett til eit godt fysisk og psykososialt miljø som fremjar helse, trivsel og læring” (Opplæringslova, 1998). Det ble gjort en litteraturgjennomgang av eksisterende forskning på feltet mobbing i forhold til nasjonale og kommunale føringer for arbeid mot mobbing i norske grunnskoler. Samtidig ble 35 grunnskoler i en stor norsk bykommune undersøkt og testet i forhold til kunnskap og tiltak for å bekjempe og forebygge mobbing. Målet med dette studiet var å forsøke å forklare hvorfor mobbing enda er et eksisterende problem i skolen, 30 år etter at mobbeproblematikken kom i fokus. Antagelsen var at forskning dreier seg for lite om skolen som arena for å bekjempe mobbing. Av de 35 grunnskolene som ble invitert til å delta var det bare 39 respondenter fordelt på 11 skoler som svarte på undersøkelsen. Bare 19 respondenter fullførte hele undersøkelsen. Dette kan tyde på at det er lite interesse for arbeid mot mobbing i skolen. Data fra undersøkelsen indikerer at skoler med eget antimobbeprogram er mindre samkjørte i arbeidet mot mobbing enn skoler med anerkjente og vitenskapelig testet program. Dette studiets funn kan også tyde på at det er behov for utarbeiding av et antimobbeprogram som er tilpasset ungdomsskolenivået. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3696 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (534.7Kb) -
Thorsteinsen, Kjærsti (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: This study sought to explore the relationship between interest, interests, and enjoyment in a tourist experience in order to learn more about how interest for something in a destination can be triggered and developed. A total of 100 tourists (57.3% women) who visited Tromsø between November 2008 and March 2009 participated in a questionnaire study. The questionnaire was three-folded with measures collected before (T1), during (T2), and after (T3) the excursion. The excursions in this study were able to reinforce interest for tourists with prior personal interests and arouse situational interest among tourists without a pre-existing interest. However, the situational interest was weaker than personal interest in terms of evoking a desire to do similar things again. Leisure Motivations influenced both Interest and Enjoyment in the end of the excursion, though this was more important for Interest. Further study of the role of enjoyment in sustaining of the new interest is warranted. The results of the study are discussed in light of interest development theories and implications for the tourism industry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2421 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.700Mb) -
Perceived safety in mining : a development of the (Vangberg-Eisemann) Perceived Safety Scale (VEPSS)Vangberg, Hans Christian Bones (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: The perception of being safe, i.e. the perceived safety is an important prerequisite if working in unsafe environments, such as a coal-mine. Few studies take the view of the miners into consideration to investigate possible problems concerning safety. This study sought to develop an instrument measuring the perceived safety of coalminers in a Norwegian coalmine on the island of Spitsbergen. A 60-item questionnaire, developed through focus groups with miners, was distributed to the workers of one specific mine (Svea Nord). The obtained data were analyzed using principal component factor analysis. The derived constructs, Contentment, Emergency training, Pressure, External threat, and Competence, were found to possess satisfactory psychometric properties. Relationships between variables were tested as well as intergroup differences. Findings are discussed in the light of both knowledge gained from the focus groups and a literature review. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1631 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (852.3Kb) -
Personality, passion, self-esteem and psychological well-being among junior elite athletes in NorwayBauger, Lars (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-May-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Personality research among athletes seems to have obtained less interest in recent years after much focus until the 1990s. This decline was obviously a result of ill conducted “personology” research, and a greater focus on psychological state versus trait in the sport psychology community. The present study explored personality dimensions, as measured by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, passion, self-esteem, and well-being among junior elite athletes. In addition, the athletes were compared with non-athletic peers to investigate if they had a personality profile which appears to be more beneficial for athletes. Female athletes scored significantly higher on the personality dimensions Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness, and significantly lower on Self-esteem than their male counterparts. Both obsessive and harmonious passion was found to be more pronounced among those competing at an international level as compared with athletes competing at a local level. In addition, the athlete sample scored significantly higher on Persistence and Self-Directedness and lower on Harm Avoidance than non-athletes. The use of the J-TCI as a measure of personality yielded interesting results, which should be relevant for the sport psychology community and increase our understanding of the underlying factors and mechanisms of elite sport. In future research, the predictive power of personality on especially performance in different sports should be investigated. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3697 File(s) in this item: 1
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Rydning, Ingrid (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Hensikten med studien var å se om studenter lar seg påvirke i liten eller stor grad av helseartikler. Det skrives mange artikler om helse og kosthold og ikke alle artiklene er like seriøse. Dette ble gjenspeilet i eksperimentet ved at artiklene i eksperimentet kun omtalte fabrikkerte forskningsfunn. Det viste seg at det var en primingseffekt av artikkelen, men ikke slik som forventet. For aroniagruppen viste det seg ved at det var flere som valgte den blå juicen, mens for nypegruppen var det flere som svarte ja for at de likte nype på datatesten. Det viste seg en liten sammenheng mellom target og hvor interessant artikkelen var, men ellers var der ingen sammenhenger mellom de eksplisitte og implisitte målene og atferdsresponsen. Dette kan tyde på en usikkerhet eller indre konflikt i deltakernes preferanser. I tillegg viste det seg en tendens til at de som var høy i åpenhet, medmenneskelighet og thrill and adventure seeking har lettere for å like og finne artikkelen interessant, men dette hadde ingen avgjørende effekt på eksperimentet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2423 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (5.423Mb) -
Mellem, Lise Sand (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: School adaptation seems to have an impact on social, psychological, and behavioural outcomes. Empirical evidence on the stress moderating role of the sense of coherence (SOC), which implies to which degree one find life meaningful, comprehensible and manageable, may offer a scope for development of prevention policies. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship and interactions between high school students perceived stress (PSQ), sense of coherence (SOC-13), perceived health condition (HBSC), memories of childhood upbringing separate for mother and fathers parenting style (s-EMBU), locus of control (LOC) and degree of conformity (NC). All respondents were at least 18 years during semesters 2007/08. Three high schools in Tromsø, here referred to as school A, B and C, participated in the study. Results were analysed for total group, for each gender and also individually for each school. The study included 125 respondents, 61 females and 64 males, who completed a test battery in paper form. The results revealed that youth with a high sense of coherence report less perceived stress, whereas youth with high perceived stress report more health complaints. Males with the highest sense of coherence and females with lowest sense of coherence (SOC) report the strongest correlation between the sense of coherence and health complaints. There were only very weak correlations, in particular for males, between SOC and factors from experienced childhood upbringing, no statistically significant correlations were found. There were no statistically significant correlations between SOC and youths locus of control. Significant gender differences were found in that perceived stress and level of health complaints is significantly higher in females. Health complaints and sense of coherence has the largest predictive power for females and males perceived stress. For males their sense of coherence has an almost equally strong predictive power as perceived health. Evaluation of parallelism shows that SOC and HBSC do not have a significantly different effect on perceived stress in males and females. But the overall level of stress and health complaints is reported as higher in females. Due to methodological limitations, any conclusions about causality cannot be drawn from the present results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1748 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.157Mb) -
Engum, Tove-Beate (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Sep-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Denne studien undersøkte sjekking på internett blant homofile menn og lesbiske kvinner. Tidligere forskning viser at sjekkeatferd rettledes av ulike sett gruppespesifikke normer og rolleforventninger, kalt seksuelle skript. Det tradisjonelle interpersonlige heteroseksuelle skriptet er kulturelt betinget, og sterkt påvirket av kjønn og kjønnsroller. Hvordan ser det da ut når to personer av samme kjønn samhandler og forhandler om intimitet - på internettscenen? Hva sier det interpersonlige homoseksuelle og lesbiske skriptet? Hvilke roller inntar man i samhandlingsprosessen, og hvilke forventninger hviler på disse rollene? Ved hjelp av semistrukturerte intervju på internett (chat), samt ansikt til ansikt intervjuer, ble det utforsket hvordan lesbiske kvinner og homofile menn oppfatter, beskriver, og tolker sine handlinger og erfaringer på internettscenen. Fem homofile menn og ni lesbiske kvinner i alderen 20 til 59 år ble intervjuet, hvorav åtte over internett (chat) og seks ansikt til ansikt. Intervjuene ble utført med en narrativ tilnærming hvor respondentene ble spurt om deres siste internettdate, den mest positive, og den mest negative erfaringen de hadde. Resultatene i denne studien viser at det interpersonlige skriptet organiserer aktørene til samarbeid og forhandlinger på internettscenen. Forhandlinger mellom to av samme kjønn påvirkes av om aktørene er utpreget innadvendte eller utadvendte i personlighet, hvor den utadvendte med størst sannsynlighet vil være den som tar initiativ til kontakt. Etter hvert vil aktørene fordele kontrollen over samtalen likt mellom seg. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3699 File(s) in this item: 4
thesis.pdf (293.2Kb)Vedlegg 1.pdf (87.61Kb)Vedlegg 2.pdf (25.24Kb)Vedlegg 3.pdf (151.2Kb) -
Iversen, Gunn Irene (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of friendships in the social adjustment of international students, in particular to explore the role of preference for co-nationals/co-culturals as opposed to a preference for befriending people belonging to other cultural groups. Information was gathered by a psychometric, self-report survey questionnaire. A modified version of the Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (Ward & Kennedy, 1999) was used. For the purpose of this study, a Success Scale, a Co-national Scale and an Openness Scale were created. The sample consisted of 265 students studying abroad. The most important results showed that a preference for co-nationals was related to a higher amount of experienced difficulties and a lower level of success. Keywords: exchange students, foreign students, friendship patterns, international students, Sociocultural Adaptation Scale, social adjustment, sojourn. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2425 File(s) in this item: 1
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Johansen, Nicholas S. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Family Aggression Replacement Training (Family ART) is an expansion of Aggression Replacement Training (ART). The purpose of Family ART is to further enhance social skills and reduce problem behaviour. This is to happen by increasing application of what is learnt in the training sessions, to settings outside that of the training, by actively involving children’s significant persons in the ART programme. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a Family ART intervention on six families. The assessment was based on pre- and posttest scores on the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), and qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews. The secondary objective of the SSRS and interviews was to determine how any effect may have come about. In addition to this, the interviews were employed to investigate whether the parents experienced personal development. The SSRS results indicated that Family ART was associated with an increase in social skills and a reduction in problem behaviour. Additional support for the effect of Family ART was found in the interview transcripts: Both parents and children expressed that the intervention had benefitted them somehow. Given the low number of participants and the lack of proper control group comparison, the present study was considered explorative and no conclusion was drawn. The findings do indicate that the intervention works as intended, but more rigorous research must be conducted in order to conclude whether or not this is the case. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4437 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.391Mb) -
Iversen, Robert (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: In this project we tried to explore what it is in games that may enhance spatial abilities. Previous research has shown that action games may enhance gamers’ scores on the Mental Rotation test (MRT), while evidence is found both for and against that puzzle games could do the same. We used three different games, and one control group, with a total of 32 participants matched over these four groups. The games were Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault, which has been used as an action game in previous studies; Portal, which is labeled as an action/puzzle game; and Supreme Commander, labeled as a real-time strategy game. In addition to the MRT, we also explored the training effect on spatial abilities with the Visual Patterns test (VPT) and the Corsi Block test (CBT). No training effect was found for any of the games on any of the tests. All game groups, including the control group improved their scores on the MRT and the VPT, but there was no difference between the game groups. The results further indicate that only the matched quartets with a low pre-test score on the MRT improve their scores, while those with higher pre-test score perform at the same level on subsequent testings. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3700 File(s) in this item: 1
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Stefansson, Jon Karl (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: An experimental investigation of the relationship between communicator dominance and persuasion is reported. In the study, persuasion was examined as a function of experimental treatments that differed only in the perceived dominance of stimulus embedded within a text. Perceived dominance of the stimulus is operationally defined as the degree to which the stimulus makes the recipient feel submissive (high) or powerful (low). The experimental stimuli and the quantitative measurements of dominance are derived from affect control theory and a research tool that has been developed from that theory, the International Affective Picture System. The hypotheses were generally supported by the results of the data analysis. Relationships were found between perceived dominance and a) increased opinion agreement and b) increased trustworthiness of communicators. Possible implications for communication studies, as well as on research on affect control theory are discussed, as are limitations of the current research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3698 File(s) in this item: 1
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Sømhovd, Mikael Julius (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: En negativ korrelasjon mellom nivå av formell utdannelse og fordomsfulle holdninger til innvandrere med annen etnisk opprinnelse, en utdanningseffekt, har blitt vist i en rekke rapporter. Hypotesen om at en slik korelasjon er resultat av sosial ønskelige responser og demand characteristics har tidligere blitt testet ved hjelp av forskjellige metoder for å omgå sosial ønskelighet. Denne tesen er imidlertid underbygget av konseptet implisitte holdninger. To studier er rapportert: Studie 1 (N = 34) sidestiller holdninger hos en lavt utdannet gruppe av etnisk norske byggningsarbeidere med en høyere utdannet gruppe av etnisk norske studenter, over Bachelorgrads nivå. Begge gruppene blir målt med både eksplisitte og implisitte metoder (spørreskjema versus IAT [responslatens analyser]). Studie 1 replikerer utdanningseffekten i de eksplisitte målingene, men ikke i de implisitte ved et alfanivå på .05. Altså predikerer utdanningsnivå eksplisitte holdninger mot innvadrerere, men ikke implisitte. Et Studie 2 ble også utført. Studie 2 undersøker et sekundært datasett bestående av et internett innsamlet metariale (N = 11.134). Studie 2 rapporterer grafisk, ved deskriptiv statistikk og effekstørrelser (R2). Studie 2 støtter det statistiske fraværet av en utdanningseffekt i implisitte målinger. Altså antyder og diskuterer den foreliggende tesen at effekten av formell utdanning på etniske fordommer forsvinner når en måler med implisitte metoder. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2422 File(s) in this item: 1
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Ludvigsen, Susanne (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: The present study examined the different role of gestures in comprehension of native language (NL) and foreign language (FL) video instruction. A total of 28 NL- and 51 FL 7th and 8th graders were presented with one of two English instructional videos – one with gestures (the G-condition) or one without gestures (the NonG-condition). Results from the comprehension measures indicated that for NL speakers there was no significant gesture effect, on either explicit or implicit comprehension. However, results indicated that the FL G-condition yielded significantly higher scores on both explicit and implicit comprehension than the FL NonG-condition. The FL G-condition students performed similarly but slightly lower than the NL students on both explicit and implicit comprehension. Responses on the Visual Cue Preference Questionnaire (VCPQ) revealed that students evaluated the presence of visual cues in communication positively, though gestures only seemed to have a measurable enhancing effect on FL comprehension – at least for this particular task. This may be an artifact of the task being less challenging for the NL group, though more research is warranted to test this. Thus, the results suggest that the relationship between language and that the lack of gestures impact FL comprehension more than NL comprehension. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1747 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (4.691Mb) -
Adubofour, Millicent (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 31-Oct-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: In the adolescent identity formation literature, negative experiences of stress in particular, gender discrimination, and difficulties with work, relationships, finances, health, and experiences with death have been associated with increased identity exploration (Anthis, 2002a,b). Despite these findings, little research has been conducted to examine the relationship between ethnic identity discrimination and ethnic identity exploration. Some 106 males, now 18-28 years of age who entered Norway as unaccompanied minors, were the participants of this investigation. All participants volunteered to take part in the Youth, Culture, and Competence Study (YCC) conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Items from Phinney’s MEIM and additional questions regarding participants’ experiences of ethnic identity crisis and ethnic discrimination were administered in a survey as part of a larger investigation of coping and cultural competence among youths living in Norway. This study aims to detail the relationship between experiences of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identity exploration, whereby ethnic identity crisis was considered as a possible mediator. Results showed that the experience of ethnic discrimination was associated with increased identity exploration and increased level of identity crisis. However, identity crisis was not a mediator between these two variables, as anticipated. This research should enable a deeper understanding of the role that ethnic discrimination may play in ethnic identity development among unaccompanied minors living in Norway. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4438 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (681.4Kb) -
Potapova, Elena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The main aim of the present qualitative study was to explore the means of nonverbal communication lesbian women display to signal interest/sexual attraction to a potential female partner, and what nonverbal markers of communication lesbians evaluate as signs of erotic interest when addressed to them. Different learning processes through/in which women acquire and internalize these nonverbal behaviors are also discussed. Finally, the possible factors may influence the processes of signalizing, reading and interpreting of the means of nonverbal communication among lesbians were revealed. Qualitative, in-depth face-to-face interviews were carried out. A hermeneutical-phenomenological approach to analysis was applied. A diverse variety of nonverbal signs and behaviors indicating erotic interest used by and toward lesbians were identified. Verbal statements in combination with nonverbal signals were found to be an integral part of the lesbian flirting script. Regarding the learning process, life experiences, lesbian friends/acquaintances, books/articles, and feature films are those sources through which the informants claimed to had acquired knowledge about the lesbian flirting script. Findings also indicate that alcohol, presence or absence of personal interest, and self-confidence are those factors that may meddle in and influence the processes of signalizing, reading and interpreting of nonverbal signs of erotic interest among lesbians. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4434 File(s) in this item: 1
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Jakobsen, Mona Lovise Kvalsvik (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Nov-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Redusert raskhet på grunn av nedsatte psykomotoriske funksjoner ved normal aldring er velkjent og aldersrelatert nedgang påvirker kognitive mekanismer. Basert på disse faktorene, vil denne studien undersøke hvorvidt aldersrelaterte endringer i pustemekanismer påvirker nedgang i verbale ferdigheter og den sikter også å evaluere om de er assosiert med generell kognitiv fungering. 45 friske deltakere fordelt på tre alders grupper (ung, middelaldrende og eldre) deltok i denne studien. MMSE, Stroop test, Ordforståelse en subtest fra WAIS-III, Logisk Hukommelse I og II, tallspenn baklengs fra WMS-III ble brukt for kognitiv evaluering. Psykomotorisk mekanismer assosiert til verbal produksjon ble evaluert med 4 verbale tester: fonemisk og semantisk verbal flyt, benevning av bilder og lesing. For hver test ble det undersøkt ulike respirasjonsparametre og analysert reaksjonstid (RT) for ordproduksjon samt artikuleringsvarighet i uttalelse av enkle ord. Deltakernes svar ble registrert og analysert med spektrografiske teknikker. I tillegg ble det innhentet fonemisk aerodynamiske data, ved at deltakerne snakket inn i en ansiktsmaske som var koblet til et pustekapasitet system, som registrerte luftstrøm, lydbølger og lydnivå. Korrelasjoner mellom pustemekanismer, demografiske variabler, kognitiv status og utsatt hukommelse viser at det er en assosiasjon mellom lungekapasitet og demografiske variabler. Resultater viser signifikante assosiasjoner mellom pustemekanismer, bakgrunnsvariabler, generell mental status og utsatt hukommelse. Selv om det ikke ble funnet signifikante korrelasjoner mellom pustemekanismer og andre kognitive tester, tyder våre resultater på at noen generelle kognitive fungeringer målt med MMSE skår og utsatt hukommelse kan være knyttet til fysiologiske endringer i pustemekanismer. Resultater fra denne studien foreslår at pustemekanismer kan være en indikator på helsestatus som er relatert til psykomotoriske prosesser og kan til en viss grad forklare den velkjente aldersrelaterte nedgangen i psykomotorisk funksjon ved ordproduksjon. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3693 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (4.372Mb)
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