Hovedoppgaver til cand.psychol.graden

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Hovedoppgaver til cand.psychol.graden

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• Hot flashes and depression among menopausal women : is acupuncture an effective intervention?

  Dørmænen, Annbjørg; Heimdal, Marte Rye (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2009)

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  Abstract:

  The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of individualized acupuncture and self-care versus self-care only on hot flashes, health related quality of life (HR-QoL) and depression in postmenopausal women, experiencing a high frequency of hot flashes. The study also aimed to shed light on the question about an association between menopause and depression. It was conducted on a subsample from the Acuflash-study (Borud et al., in press) and involved a pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial with two parallel arms. A heightened prevalence of depression, as measured with Beck Depression Inventory, was found, compared to the general population. Both use of acupuncture in addition to self-care, and self-care only, led to significant improvements in hot flash frequency and intensity, improvements in the vasomotor and anxiety/fears dimensions of the Women’s Health Questionnaire, and decreased severity of depression from baseline to 12 week follow-up. No significant differences were found between the acupuncture group and the self-care group on these measures, implying the importance of the treatment experience as a whole. A model for the relationship between menopause and depression is proposed, including an intervening cognitive component between the presence of hot flashes and psychological reactions.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3914

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (3.540Mb)
• Expectations and mental rotation : different effects on gender explored through the (unlikely) case of female superiority in mental rotation rate of large objects

  Kristiansen, Kari-Ann (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-Jun-2010)

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  Abstract:

  The present study aims to examine the relationship between expectation about performance in a mental rotation task of 3-D geometrical shapes on a small (standard) and large (novel) display and for each sex. In Experiment 1 we explicitly induced expectations about whether participants would perform better on either the large or small displays. Results revealed that women mentally rotate the 3-D shapes faster than men on the large display, but both genders were affected by the expectation variable. Apparently, only females expecting to do better in the large display condition experienced superior performance relative to men. Males appeared affected by expectations toward task difficulty (superior conditions), where they scored lower when expecting a superior condition. Experiment 2 confirmed the effect of display size on gender and female superiority was again observed in the large display condition – however without any explicit manipulation in the experimental design of expectations (for superiority of a display condition over the other).

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2843

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (571.2Kb)
• Diagnosing bipolar disorder with the diagnostic interview for psychoses (DIP) : a reliability study

  Skorven, Caroline Spant; Mikalsen, Guro (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 03-May-2010)

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  Abstract:

  A reliability study of the Norwegian translation of the Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses (DIP) was conducted, with a focus on its usefulness when diagnosing bipolar disorder. Emphasis is given to the severity and importance of correct diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The DIP is a semi-structured interview that aims to assess low prevalent psychiatric disorders. It is based on the Operational Criteria for Psychoses (OPCRIT), and generates diagnoses according to several diagnostic systems. The respondents included in the study were inpatients at the psychiatric hospitals in Tromsø and Bodø. Twenty-seven respondents were independently assessed by two raters, one of whom conducted the interview, while the other scored from observation. Fourteen of them were re-interviewed later by a third independent rater. Inter-rater reliability was generally high, with good to excellent agreement on the majority of items. Agreement on broad diagnostic categories was also high. Test-retest reliability for both individual items and broad diagnostic categories ranged from moderate to excellent. The findings are consistent with the results of previous studies of the reliability of DIP. The results reported here are based on preliminary data from a lager research project, and should be viewed with some caution. The findings and their possible implications are discussed in relation to bipolar disorder and the conceptualisation of this, and other, severe mental disorders.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2842

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (464.3Kb)
• ME/CFS-patients experiences with the Norwegian health care system : challenges and possibilities for health care professionals who work with chronically ill patients

  Bjørkum, Torunn (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 29-Oct-2007)

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  Abstract:

  Kronisk utmattelsessyndrom/myalgisk encefalopati (ME) er en omstridt lidelse. Kunnskap om årsaksforhold og behandling er begrenset, og mange pasienter har hatt vanskelige møter med helsevesenet. Formålet med denne studien var todelt: å kartlegge hvilke erfaringer ME-pasienter har gjort seg i møtet med det norske helsevesenet og ved forsøk på behandling/symptomlindring, og å diskutere resultatene i lys av helsepersonells utfordringer og muligheter i møte med kronisk syke. Deltakerne var 828 ME-pasienter som var medlemmer i pasientforeninger. Disse fylte ut et spørreskjema. Resultatene viste at mange pasienter ikke har fått råd fra fastlege og/eller psykolog. I verste fall har pasientene fått råd som medførte forverring av tilstanden. Pasientene har generelt dårlige erfaringer med innleggelse på sykehus. Pacing, hvile, og fullstendig skjerming og ro ble vurdert som nyttig av de aller fleste. Kognitiv atferdsterapi uten rigide grad til aktivitetsøkning kan sannsynligvis være effektiv for en del av pasientene, mens gradert trening kan se ut til å være uheldig. Tidlig diagnose, informasjon og råd til pasientene, og sikring av helsetilbud til de sykeste er sentrale satsingsområder. Det er et stort behov for forskning på årsaksforhold og behandling. Helsepersonell bør få større kunnskap om sykdommen og hvordan den best håndteres. I situasjoner der vi har lite sikker kunnskap om årsaksforhold og behandling, vil vektlegging av pasientenes erfaringer, sammen med kunnskap om stress, mestring, kommunikasjon og empowerment, sannsynligvis være nyttig for å møte pasientene på en god måte, og motvirke en oppgitt holdning hos begge parter.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2719

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (607.9Kb)
• Sex og kjærlighetsrelaterte aktiviteter på internett : forskjeller mellom skeive og streite brukere.

  Loe, Martin Sedolfsen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-May-2009)

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  Abstract:

  I den foreliggende spørreundersøkelsen har et utvalg nordmenns bruk av sex og kjærlighetsrelaterte internettaktiviteter blitt sammenlignet med utgangspunkt i deres seksuelle orientering. Det framkom at skeive personer benytter seg i større grad av slike aktiviteter enn streite. Resultatene repliserte flere av funnene fra en tidligere undersøkelse av Daneback, Ross, og Månnson (2008). En multippel logistisk regresjonsanalyse ble gjort med 3 identifiserte aktivitetsfaktorer: «flørting», «pornografi», og «kunnskap». Resultatene viste at sannsynligheten for å flørte på nettet økte hvis man var skeiv, ung, single og motivert til å møte noen på nettet. Sannsynligheten for å se pornografi økte hvis man var mann, samboende, ville oppnå orgasme, og ville innhente kunnskap. Det var økt sannsynlighet for kunnskapsinnhenting hvis man var kvinne, hadde skeiv seksuell orientering, var samboende, og ønsket å se porno. Deltagernes selvbilde viste seg å ikke øke sannsynligheten for internettbruk av sex og kjærlighetsrelaterte aktiviteter. Implikasjoner for framtidig forskning blir drøftet.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2378

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (920.6Kb)

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