Browsing Master's theses in peace and conflict transformation by Title
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- Browsing Master's theses in peace and conflict transformation by Title
Browsing Master's theses in peace and conflict transformation by Title
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Now showing items 73-77 of 77
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Henriksen, Tone-Rita (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Jun-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: The thesis focuses on the role of youth members in political opposition parties in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The parties, as well as the state, are authoritarian in structure. The thesis discusses possibilities for youth participation in the upper-levels of political parties, and their subjective opinions of being included or excluded in internal debates and decision-making processes. In particular, the thesis discusses the parties’ use of internet and whether the internet arena is a space in which young people can contribute in the development and working of the parties. The analysis is based on data from first-hand information obtained through interviews with members of several Egyptian parties. The discussion is situated within academic debates on the nature of agency within authoritarian party and state structures. The conclusion suggests that youth members in Egyptian opposition parties may influence the working of the parties. However, due to the domination of structural phenomena, such as authoritarian structures, patron-client relations and a patriarchal system, youth’s presence does not affect the parties in a substantial manner. Youth possess agency but do not produce organizational change, because the structural phenomena are used to control people and social entities. It is further concluded that the internet is an arena in which mainly youth members participate. The internet gives youth a larger room for involvement, but does not contribute at a general party level. This situation is not a result of structural phenomena, but is caused by the age gap between leadership and active youth members. The analysis suggests that Egypt experiences a situation of negative peace. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2064 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.PDF (394.2Kb) -
Ahmetaj, Nora S. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: Using the perspective of the role of fear in security and identity-based conflicts, I was motivated to investigate in this thesis how peace actors strive to be actively involved in peacemaking in Israel. The main objective of this thesis is to gain insight in the activities of Peace Now in light of the second Intifadah 2000-2004, and disorientation of peace camp. If successful, the results of this thesis might have an impact on creating space for my further work in the realm of conflict resolution and civil society peace work. I approached the problem of security and identity, by analyzing how Israelis and Palestinians perceive violence, peace and conflict. Subsequently, based on theoretical framework, I stressed how fear and distrust influenced the identity formation of Israelis and Palestinians. Because identity was not approached properly, the failure of peace process happened. Other reason that influenced this collapse was an increase of Palestinian terrorism, perceived as a backlash to the peace camp initiative in Israel. Therefore, in this thesis I tried to provide a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the problem of identities and how they relate to the security within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In particular I was concerned with the dynamics of identity formation within the actor Peace Now and its consequences for its peace work. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2023 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (8.282Mb) -
Bragtvedt, Stian (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 18-Jun-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper looks into the reasons for the Nepali Maoists’ decision to join the peace process. Nepal, a country of 27 million inhabitants and squeezed in between India and China, was engulfed in a civil war between 1996 and 2006, that cost the lives of over 13000 people. In 2005 King Gyanendra assumed full power in a coup, and vowed to restore peace. The response was an alliance between the Maoists and the political parties that along with popular protests in April 2006 forced Gyanendra to step down and restore parliament. I look into the developments in the civil war that made this alliance and the following peace process possible. I argue that several interconnected factors made the alliance possible. The change in ideology on the part of the Maoists made possible a compromise with the political parties. Something that earlier would have been seen as revisionism. The term “strategic firmness, tactical flexibility” was used to explain these actions within the Maoist ideological framework. Other factors were also important in bringing together the Maoists and the political parties against the King. The increase of the power of the Palace in relation to the political parties made the politicians look to the Maoists for an alliance. After the royal coup of February 2005 India also changed their stance from support for a solution including the King and the parties, to support for a solution that included the Maoists and the parties. I will argue that the processes that lead to the peace process are best understood by using a dialectical view on the course of events, with a focus on how the actions of the different actors are interconnected. This as opposed to a view where the decisions are taken in a vacuum isolated from the conflict and Nepali society. I conclude that the royal coup in 2005 was decisive in bringing together the Maoists, the parties and India in the view that the King was the main obstacle to a peaceful and stable Nepal. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1053 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (566.7Kb) -
Sommerfelt, Ole Henning (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 14-Jun-2004)[+][-]
Abstract: This study concerns the Swedish peace education project “The Dream of the Good” (DODG) and explores it’s potential to educate for peace at an individual level. DODG is a holistic, transformative and networking peace project. It aims to inspire for and facilitate education for individual peace in schools at different levels through practical methods based on two key principles: 1) awareness of connection between self and experience, i.e. how conscious and unconscious thoughts, feelings and actions influence one’s experiences, and 2) the role of calm and concentration in creating well-being and peaceful attitudes and behaviours. The research question concerns the effects of the key principles when implemented in teaching. It is operationalised as effects on: students’ ability to react non-violently; empathy; kindness in attitudes and behaviour; and inspiration for peaceful development. Towards this end both a theoretical study, based on empirical psychology and Buddhist philosophy, and a qualitative interview study with students, teachers and resource personnel were carried out. Reviewed theory supported a peace potential of the DODG methods. A potential for individual peaceful development was found to exist both according to psychology and Buddhism. These perspectives indicated to various degrees that teaching based on the key principles affects individual peace positively. Literature findings on the relaxation methods used by the Dream of the Good, represented strong support in the case of kindergarten children and indicated increased individual peace for students and grown-ups. The findings of the interview study accorded to large degrees with the theoretical findings and indicated peaceful effects among the interviewed group. Aggression among kindergarten children was observed to be reduced, and to a large degree interviewees perceived empathy to be strengthened as well as an enhanced ability to react calmly and non-violently in stressing and provocative situations. Many also reported an increased group harmony, as well as feeling inspired for practicing the DODG methods. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1238 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (299.1Kb) -
Berntzen, Camilla Kristine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-Aug-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: In this thesis the relationship between corporations and their host communities through CSR programs has been the main focus. First it is stated that companies have been contributing to conflicts such as human rights abuses and ecological damage, through their main focus on profit and increasing shareholder value. Many of the business operations and direct foreign investments worldwide take place in countries either in the midst of conflict or in post-conflict settings (Gupta et al. 2002). Further, it is said that MNCs are powerful social and economic agents, both in regards to the resources they control and by their mobility and capacity to shift resources to locations where they can be used most profitably (Roach 2005; Scherer, Palazzo and Baumann 2006). This also gives them the opportunity to choose under which legal system and regions they want to operate (Ibid). However, it is also implied that CSR can be part of the solution to such problems through focusing on the “triple bottom line” – the totality of the corporation`s financial, social and environmental performance when conducting business (Elkington 1998). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4616 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.041Mb)
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