Now showing items 1-20 of 34
Next Page| Abstract: | The introduction of the standardized nursing languages NANDA and NIC to write electronic care plans is hard for nurses, as reported by several projects. Both the need to relate to a new software tool and to the totally unknown domains of the standardized languages contributes to this. With an existing tool for care plan writing as basis, we have used the unified process to develop an improved tool, in order to make the introduction smother. Care has been taken to make the interface and workflow as intuitive as possible, allowing novice computer users to use the tool. An automatic presentation of the information in the languages is implemented, to further meet the needs of unskilled users. To ease navigation in the classifications of the standardized languages, a three level harmonized classification for the two languages was chosen. The two uppermost levels of the classification are presented in one screen, resulting in an efficient browsing for NANDA diagnoses and NIC interventions. To make it possible for users unacquainted with the language to find NANDA diagnoses, a search facility was developed. An information retrieval method was implemented, making it possible to search for diagnoses on the basis of signs and symptoms. The query interface was deliberately made as simple as possible; one or more keywords are entered, and a list of diagnoses is returned ranked according to relevance to the keywords. The search facility also helps in the process of exploring and learning the classification hierarchy. Usability tests shows improvement both in ease of use and support for exploring the standardized languages for the new system compared with the original. |
| Description: | Inneholder programvare og video som zip-fil |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1093 |
| Abstract: | Information Technology (IT) has for several decades been seen to be a key enabler to achieve improved efficiency and quality in work processes, and so also within health care. Thus, even though many parts within the health care sector have high expectations, the desired benefits are not seen to large extent in practice, at least not until present. A lot of the work flows within health care are still paper based. Several authors claim that the mismatch between the goals and the real situations as today might be caused by the fact that social aspects are not included in design to large extent. Implementation processes has had a tendency to be far more technology oriented than social and communication oriented, thus indicating that technological processes rely on technological deterministic views. This thesis applies an implementation process of a new technology called Well Interactor, a system which is developed to let general practitioners choose laboratory services electronically and additionally enables interactive possibilities. The thesis is aimed to show to which extent existing work practices influence on the outcome of the technology. The findings documented are based upon an interpretive case study, including field observations and interviews. A study of 21 interviewed subjects has been carried out. The thesis concludes that existing work practices and existing infrastructures are quite complex. Such complexity makes it difficult to plan the outcome of the technology. It should therefore be seen implicit to map complex work practices before vision of drastic improvements caused by the use of Information Technology is created. The goals must be realistic based on the current situation. Then, both, social and technological aspects should play a role in how technology will and can be used. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1173 |
| Abstract: | Western healthcare is provided in various levels in different organizations. Fragmented information flow and the need to improve the continuity of care has been a serious concern in healthcare system. Fragmented healthcare can result in medication errors that could have been avoided if information flow was organized better. Use of IT services in healthcare organization is seen as possible solution to reduce these mistakes. Common medication card project in Norway was initiated as a part of national strategy for electronic cooperation in health and social sector. Two similar projects in Tromsø and Trondheim were studied. The intentions of these projects are to reduce medication errors and improve the information flow between primary and secondary healthcare levels. This thesis is an interpretive study and has addressed the potential challenges with implementing the common medication card service. Interviews were the main data source. The main challenges that could be met when implementing the common medication card are dealing with the distributed character of healthcare work and interdependency of medication information, as well as obtaining the sustainable use of this service. Changes in work routines and responsibility are likely to appear but the consequences of these changes are hard to foresee. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1172 |
| Abstract: | The Scandinavian countries are all among the minority of the world's nations that have established a national health network infrastructure. These networks provide a secured communication environment for health professionals, mainly in hospitals and local health services/GPs. Despite serving similar requirements, these national infrastructures differ in several aspects: organizational extension, choice of carrier technology, IP addressing and NAT strategy, DNS implementation and QoS support. Initiatives to interconnect these national health networks in Scandinavia date several years back, and today the Danish health network has a number of cross-border connections, including VPN tunnels to the Swedish and Norwegian health networks. However, limitations in the connecting technology, and scalability issues related to technological architecture, pose limitations on the cross-border service provisioning. The thesis investigates the differences in technical infrastructure, discusses consequences of these differences, and suggests modifications to harmonize the technology among the national health networks involved. Some of these suggestions may even have merit within national borders, as they can be seen to address scaling issues in intranetworking in general. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1097 |
| Abstract: | The projects Self-help through a mobile ICT tool and The ICT Lifestyle and Health Motivation Project at the Norwegian Centre for Telemedicine (NST) have designed and built a prototype smart sensor system. Just days before the hand-in of this thesis, the second version of the prototype was ready for testing. Central for this thesis is the hardware and software debugging process of this first prototype. The result of this process is a number of suggestions for changes in the microcontroller’s software and the hardware generally. The suggestion for changes does not introduce any new features, but rather tries to direct the functionality towards the project group’s intention. The main suggestions involve how to avoid loss of data, and also let the user take charge over when the step-counter should report to the mobile base. The thesis starts with an introduction to the main project and a revision of similar projects. The direction then changes towards the theory and tools necessary to perform the intended task are presented. A somewhat large part is devoted to design of movement sensors. As a part of this there were done some tests. The results of some of these plus suggestions for some new are presented. As wireless communication carrier the project group has chosen Bluetooth. The thesis gives a revision of the module chosen plus some alternatives. In addition there is also some suggestions regarding the setup of the module. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1432 |
| Abstract: | This thesis is a part of an ongoing project at NST. This ongoing project has the intention to make a system for early detection of contagious diseases based on symptoms and diagnosis. The main goal of this project is to develop a system that will help detect outbreaks of contagious diseases. The system intends to create a logic model based on collected data from symptoms and diagnosis entered into the primary health care physicians electronic health record system. They will again exchange data with other medical offices and their electronic health record systems. From the information extracted from all electronic health records, the system will try to detect outbreaks of communicable diseases and send out warnings. The thesis I have perform: 1. Try to find out where the primary care physicians collect the information from and how the primary care physicians in future want to collect information related to contagious diseases. 2. Try to find out how the primary care physicians wants the information from the system, that send out messages about probability of contagious disease outbreaks, can be presented. In order to reach these objectives, I have interviewed five primary care physicians, where one of the physicians has responsibility for preventing contagious diseases in a municipality. From the information gathered during the interviews this thesis present some pre-requirements that are needed before a pilot phase. In additional this thesis thru a presentation of possible visualization, present how the visualization of information in a future system can be presented for the primary care physicians. The main conclusion the thesis present is that the physicians want a system that is closely integrated with their own electronic health record system, that present the messages in a easy way with short messages that do not interrupt during patient consultations. The new system also has to be configurable in a way that the physicians themselves can decide when the messages should appear. The project also wanted to recruit as many primary care physicians as possible, to continue to take part in developing the system. The result we have showed that the physicians use Internet and do not use the information on NIPH frequently. The most obvious source of information was colleagues in the medical office. The physicians do not use and hardly know of the official web pages for reporting of contagious disease outbreaks. This thesis also has showed that the primary care physicians have limited of time for doing research in a busy day in practise and they do not use Internet for searching for contagious disease outbreak, but rather use colleagues and other sources of information. We concluded that the classification system that is in use in primary health care among physicians are not able to be use alone as detection of diseases and symptoms registered in electronic health record system in the medical offices. There are two solutions to this problem, one is to alter the existing system of classification, the second solution is to use physician’s habit to make notes inside the system and extract these to the new system. And finally all physicians we interviewed are willing to contribute in pilot-phase in order to develop the system. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1816 |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to provide an understanding of the intricacies in surgical operation planning and coordination; it followed the pre and post-implementation of DIPS ASA ─ an electronic surgical module introduced at UNN, Tromsø. Organizations are opting to grasp the promised benefits of IT. However, studies in past have showed that introduction of IT in large organisations are seemingly deemed to fail if integration of socio-technical aspects are not highly considered. Moreover, it is but natural, that changes in work practices are likely to follow. As such, the theoretical undertaking of the heterogeneous work practices of the different groups, i. e. surgeons, anaesthesiologist, nurses and other collaborating personnel were inspired by CSCW and ANT perspectives. The intricate micro-elements in work practices were examined thru the lenses of CSCW; likewise perspectives in ANT guided the wider arena in the interplay of the socio- technical aspects. Drawing on the participant observations, open-ended interviews, and literature reviews as source of research materials, the author will show how work boundaries justified and manifested by (physicians and nurses) at both micro and macro level affecting their daily work practices as they utilize DIPS ASA surgical planning module. Key word: CSCW, ANT, IT, DIPS, Surgical planning, Coordination, Coordination |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1566 |
| Abstract: | Interpretive research study was designed to answer the following research questions: 1) what are the different interests and expectations of managers and health staff and how they should be aligned in order to adopt an EMR system? 2) What are the challenges of the managers and problems faced by the end-users while transitioning their practice from paper to PC? 3) What are the strategies adopted by managers to overcome the problems faced by end-users? This study reveals that different actors seem to be interested in the EMR system for different reasons, which are related to their current work priorities. It also highlights 14 different essential issues which should be addressed during implementing EMR system. This study can be a starting point of reference for hospital managers, health staff and vendors helping them in increasing the level of awareness about the issues crucial for successful implementation of EMR system. For researchers it provides an overview of different issues for future research towards finding sustainable solutions for these challenges and problems. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1567 |
| Abstract: | ‘A picture is worth more than a thousand words’ - (Mann & Colven, University of Washington Medical School), that simply can justify the necessity of teledermatology. In this paper, five information technology (IT) efforts in the field of teledermatology that based on skin image transmission procedure and their historical transformations in context of the notions of information infrastructures and actor-network theory have been discussed. The main purpose of these efforts was to decentralize specialist’s services to the GP, nurses or district levels. Among the five efforts, only in one effort namely DMS Nord Troms, added telemedicine tool of the UNN creates virtual hospital, decentralized regional healthcare services. This thesis paper tries to figure out the contents of dermatologic e-health services in North Norway from the mid 1980s onwards; the problems involved in previously non-sustainable and related some dermatological heath care services. Some of these services have been quite successful, such as Videoconferencing among UNN and Kirkenes, Hammerfest, Nordeisa etc. The paper applies some notions of theoretical approach whether they may be helpful to address the challenges in establishing sustainable telemedicine services in case of dermatology. Furthermore, the paper points out the actual strategy for establishing teledermatological services from the perspectives of different historical transformation. In this interpretive study based thesis, fifteen interviews have been conducted to illustrate the five teledermatological efforts. Five teledermatological efforts were started with high motivation to reach their final goals. But four of them had not been sustainable due to finishing of funding or lacking control for the integrated nature of technology. The thesis concludes that e-health services of teledermatology should be very much linked into practice. The efforts should be evaluated through the lens of practice oriented processes or approaches such as information infrastructure or actor-network theory. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1456 |
| Abstract: | PURPOSE The aim of this research is to develop a mobile-based framework for using context information to create an intelligent environment within which applications for diabetes self-management operate. MOTIVATION Mobile applications are emerging as a preferred method for diabetes self-management. This increases the number of interruptions that the patient will get from the phone and can easily become annoying. Using context information holds a potential for enhancing usability. METHODS A prototype was constructed that uses a step-counter, calendar, microphone, camera, battery and onboard clock as sources of potentially useful context information. Controlled experiments were conducted to test the accuracy of context detection and the use of limited mobile resources. RESULTS The framework provided an efficient way of detecting contexts within an acceptable level of accuracy. The effect on mobile resources was almost insignificant; with effect on battery less than 15% and occupying less than 1% of main memory. CONCLUSION Context information can be used to enhance usability of disease management applications on mobile phones. Modelling context information using the proposed generalizable, reusable and extensible abstraction in combination with an event-driven architecture was suitable for mobile phones because it lowered the time and space complexity and also solves the problem of modelling context information from heterogeneous data sources. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1632 |
| Abstract: | It is a national aim to increase the pedagogical utilization of ICT in higher education and to use ICT to promote learning and innovation. E-learning tools and projects are prime examples for meeting this aim. Much research in this area seems to focus on economical, organizational and user satisfaction issues. Less is focusing on which type of knowledge the tools represent, and it seems to be a tradition of choosing a technological platform prior to its intended use in teaching. This study investigates a project, Fysio-nett, made to support a decentralized study program in physiotherapy at Tromsø University College, Norway through a qualitative, interpretative approach. The research material is analyzed with theories on knowledge perspectives, Communities of Practice and Actor Network Theory with the objective to analyze how knowledge and learning is represented in the project. It is also an objective to look at how sustainability can be created for the project. The study shows that Fysio-nett is a different approach to creating and implementing an e-learning tool in that knowledge can be identified as the driving force for its creation. Knowledge creation has occurred both in the creation and utilization phase of the project, mainly through interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge. It is also shown that the tool is highly dependent on being an integrated piece of technology in a Community of Practice. Finally, utilization and sustainability for the project is suggested improved through the recognition of that the flexible design of the tool demands that organizational measures are taken to compensate for this flexibility. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1672 |
| Abstract: | This thesis investigates if XMPP with extensions for file transfer, can establish a reliable service for transfer of large files within a health dedicated network. We have established a test environment within a health network and have defined a set of measurements that has been answered in this thesis. Through our assessment of the results, we have compared the XMPP technology to other possible solutions providing the service of file transfer. Based on our discoveries we have also designed a telemedicine solution for file transfer based on XMPP. Our design utilizes the benefits that exists in the XMPP technology and especially its extensions for file transfer. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1755 |
| Abstract: | This thesis covers the design, implementation, and evaluation of a search engine which can give each user a customized index based on the documents they are authorized to view. A common solution available today for this situation is to filter the results of a query based on the list of documents a user has access to. In this scenario, it is possible for information to leak from the search engine because the filtering takes place after the results are ranked. Ranking algorithms are usually based on information which considers characteristics of the entire corpus when calculating the score a document will receive. This type of information in the index must be cleaned before it is used to judge the relevant documents for a user query, otherwise data leakage is possible. Cleaning this information at query time might have a dramatic effect on query performance which would discourage use. The work presented here takes this sensitive information and calculates it for every user authorized to view the documents at index time. At query time, the search engine uses a filtered global index for selecting relevant results, but ranks the results using the information stored for the individual user’s authorized view of the index. Different designs are compared, but the same concept is present in all implementations. An open source index, Apache’s Lucene, was used as a starting point for this work. All modifications were made to Lucene and then compared to an unmodified Lucene for performance evaluations. The findings are that it is feasible to include access control in a basic search engine without incurring dramatic loss in performance. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1827 |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an understanding on the role of the electronic nursing documentation, as an integrated part of the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) in a heterogeneous work practice hospital unit characterized by short-time stay. The aim is to find what role the electronic nursing documentation plays in the communication and collaboration between health care professionals and the different wards involved in the investigation process of cardiac patients. Further, the focus is on what long-term impacts the electronic nursing documentation has for nursing communication and handovers. This is a qualitative study conducted three years after the implementation of electronic nursing documentation at the Cardiology Department at the University Hospital of North Norway. The sources for this research material are participant observations of the work flow, semi-structured interviews, informal talking and literature review. The notion of Information Infrastructure is used as the theoretical framework for the analysis of the EPR and nursing documentation as an information system. The elements and the interplay of the work practice are interpreted and analyzed through application of Actor-Network Theory (ANT). For continuity of care in the process of cardiac catheterization, electronic nursing documentation presents performed interventions and delivers important information for the actors involved. A long-term impact from the implementation of electronic nursing documentation in the cross-disciplinary work related to cardiac catheterization is better access to relevant nursing care information for all parts of the treatment chain. Key words: Actor-Network Theory, Continuity of Care, DIPS, Electronic Patient Record, Electronic Nursing Documentation, Information Infrastructure. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2084 |
| Abstract: | Developing countries are slow adopters of new technologies, particularly with regards to the health services of these countries. This study explores the data collection and management challenges in a Ghanaian hospital using an interpretative case study approach and proposes implementing an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system as a solution to these challenges. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Actor Network Theory (ANT) and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) are used in discussing the acceptance and the collaborative use of a prospective EHR system in the light of the present work practice at the hospital. This study is probably the first of its kind in Ghana; there have been some limited studies of EHR early trials in some developing countries assessing the challenges of implementation. This study briefly mentions two of such; the Cameroonian and Kenyan EHR projects. Some challenges that would impede the implementation of EHR in a Ghanaian hospital are the initial huge start up costs, poor computer skills of healthcare professionals, poor maintenance culture, and people embedding political meaning(s) into the system. The weak state of information infrastructure at the hospital would be another challenge in an EHR implementation. EHR could potentially reduce waiting times for patients, reduce the cost of the hospital’s operations, improve interdepartmental communication and collaboration, provide opportunity for sharing best practices among physicians within Ghanaian hospitals, and enhance better resource allocation. The data an EHR could primarily capture would be patients’ demographics, care plans, laboratory results, billing and NHIS claims information. Keywords: ANT, CSCW, EHR, Ghana, Implementation, Information Infrastructure. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2080 |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research was to develop an interactive disease map framework and integrate Silverlight map support for the research project developing the Snow Agent System. The interactive disease map can be used for visualizing information on the map during disease outbreak situations. An engineering approach was used for system design, development and testing. Three different inputs, Microsoft Virtual Earth, population data and epidemiological data formed the interactive map system. The interactive disease map framework extract data from database and was integrate with geo‐spatial information and presented as an interactive map system. The system integrates population data and epidemiological data with virtual earth and is present in a Silverlight presentation. The system user can interact with the system during run time and search zip code area of Norway, once the system match the zip code of Norway, the area is located on a map. The interactive maps integrate the population and epidemiological data with zip code and presents it as a Silverlight presentation. We have demonstrated the interactive disease map by integrating the population and epidemiological data with Microsoft Virtual earth and present it using a Silverlight presentation. The Microsoft .NET framework was used to implement a prototype. The interactive disease map framework may be used as a generic framework to create interactive maps in other areas with heterogeneous data sources. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2006 |
| Abstract: | The ambulatory consulting service is a corner stone in the services of a resource centre for rare disorders. Videoconferencing is considered an alternative way of meeting, to decrease costs and time spent on travelling and to increase the number of professionals from Frambu participating at the conference. Additionally, it can lead to a broader multidisciplinary scope. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used as theoretical framework. TAM is a theory useful to predict user acceptance of information technology, with its two determinants “perceived usefulness” and “perceived ease of use”. The aim of the study was to compare two modalities of conducting a clinical conference: face-to-face and videoconference. Clinical conferences from January 2008 until March 2010 were assessed, resulting in 375 informants. The participants received questionnaires to assess their satisfaction with the conference. The main result was that both clients and providers were satisfied with the service, whether it was delivered as a videoconference or as a face-to-face meeting. Clients and providers were equally satisfied. There were no significant differences in satisfaction depending on neither the age of the participants nor on former experience with videoconferencing. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2638 |
| Abstract: | Telemedicine is not a new technology today, but it is a novel approach for many developing countries, and in fact, it may have more profound impact on these countries than developed nations due to unmet demands for health and unprecedented health related challenges. In the health context of Nepal, telemedicine is rising and currently being implemented, though on a pilot scale – most of them by private health institutions. The main purpose of this study is to explore the practicability of telemedicine application in Nepal, with particular reference to challenges and scope regarding its implementation and use. In this study, a qualitative research method was used. As such, interpretive research approach was employed in order to explain the phenomenon of interest. Multiple data collection tools were used to investigate and find possible explanations to the research questions considered. The empirical data gathered from the study were analyzed using the theories of Information Infrastructures (II) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) from the information systems field. The notion of II is used to establish telemedicine as an infrastructural tool while ANT is used to describe the interaction and negotiation processes among diverse actors identified during the study. From the empirical findings, issues related to funding, sustainability, technical acquisition, low resources and underdeveloped infrastructures were found to be major challenges to ICT growth. Important findings related ICT infrastructure and its sustainable development are discuses and implications are given with particular reference to telemedicine. Finally, it is concluded that funding and sustainability are the core issues, including other sociological and political issues, for telemedicine development in the context of Nepal, and hence calls for more research in this area. Key words: Actor-Network Theory, Challenges, Developing Countries, ICT, Information Infrastructures, Nepal, Sustainability, Telemedicine |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2577 |
| Abstract: | Video conferencing is used as communication between smaller institutions and hospital to access emergency specialists.What are the reasons for using a video-congerence solution compared with traditional communication between institutions. Professional health workers are interviewed according their preferences after more than one year after the implementation at their institution. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2614 |
| Abstract: | The aim of this thesis was to implement prototype which, provides relevant information to the user at right time. The personal information that is targeted here was health-related information. This may include various type of information, such as drug information, education information, health monitor data for instance glucoses meter, step counter, personal notes, health related images ,PDF files. To implement prototype, we use metadata of the information. Some of the metadata of the information describes the context of the information. We used time, date and location context of information to implement our goal successfully. By using these contexts of the information, the relevant information to user is provided. The four components were implemented to implement prototype: Metadata extractor, Information manger, controller and user interface. The metadata extractor allows user to download files and automatically store file in to the download folder and context of these files was extracted and stored in to the database. The second component was information manger; the main function of this component was to reads the context of downloaded files and make association of similar files by using context. The third component was controller, it was use to represent related files to the end users and the user interface allows user to interact with our system. The implemented prototype was tested for providing related information to the users. The information access was based on the context of the information, which eases to get results and to recognize useful information for the users. It was also tested whether the prototype stores updated files or not. The prototype makes association of new downloaded files to the database and it also avoids redundancy of files. Thus, it helps users to access the updated information and to reduce redundancy of data. The prototype provides user with the right set of information to the right time, by identifying the need of the users by matching with available information. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2624 |
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