Browsing Master's theses in international fisheries management by Issue Date

The mackerel fishery has become the most important pelagic species for export. Prior to 1994 the allocations between the three main fleet groups, the purse seine, the coastal and the trawl fleet was negotiated on an annual basis. 1994, was an important year for the fisheries industry, the price subsidies were no longer appropriate after the implementation of the EEA agreement. A stronger focus on economic efficiency and the need for stability, political and economic, called for a more stable allocation of the quotas. The Norwegian Fishermen’s Association has been instrumental in the process of finding an acceptable Allocation key. However, the processes have been turbulent and critical for the Norwegian Fishermen’s Association. The authorities followed the key more or less, the advice from the Norwegian Fisherman’s Association weights heavily in the management system. The notion that participation in the decision-making process yields legitimacy is central to understand the emphasis the authorities have laid on the compromises. However, the notion of the legitimacy of the procedure may be questionable. The representational share of the different interest groups in the Norwegian Fishermen’s Association is under debate. Furthermore, through a series of events the coastal mackerel fishery was in 2002 regulated by limited access for all vessels. The limited access must be understood most as an economical regulation, however behind this regulation strong interests have played a significant role. Co-management within the “family” will hence concentrate on a long-term allocation, which is now determined for the next 7 years. But whether this is perceived as legitimate in the wider circles of stakeholders is still open for debated. The issue of payment of resource rent is pending. Stable conditions, in particular political, may therefore be something of an illusion, even if the annual allocation battle is now history.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/323

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (233.2Kb)

Two countries sharing a renewable resource. The allocation of the renewable natural resources in the Norwegian-Russian fisheries management regime of the Barents Sea. A multidisciplinary study

Rønning, Stine Busch (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-May-2002)

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/322

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (387.4Kb)

Gender roles in fishery planning and projects. The case study of coast region in Tanzania

Msigwa Chando, Catherine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 31-May-2002)

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Abstract:

Women play crucial roles in fisheries, particularly on the post harvest level. Despite this, they are noticeably absent from the discussion of many development programmes in fisheries. The focus is mainly on the needs and interests of men, neglecting women. Women are hardly involved in the planning and decision making or in the implementation and management of the projects. Therefore this study examined the importance of involving both women and men equally during planning of the fishery projects. The study tried to relate to different theories on women in development (WID), gender and development (GAD) and women, environment and alternative development (WED). A total of 88 persons in connection with Mbegani Fisheries Development Centre (Mbegani FDC), Mafia Island Marine Park (MIMP) and with people in villages where these institutions have been involved: Mlingotini and Bagamoyo nearby Mbegani FDC and Juani and Jibondo at Mafia. The findings show that the involvement of women and men in the planning of the projects varied. At Mbegani FDC a female orientation has been weak and womens participation in planning have been lacking from the very beginning and until to day. The same can be said about the projects in Bagamoyo and Mlingotini although the projects were aimed at women and sometimes both at men and women. However, women have participated in the implementation processes. In the projects related to MIMP, women have been integrated in the planning process from the very beginning and at all levels as a result of planned actions. Women are members in steering committees and leaders of their groups. There is a special gender officer in the MIMP structure as well as in the villages. Women have also been well trained. In this way their income generating projects are successful and reflect the sustainability of the resources. Some of the women have also involved themselves in other kind of development activities. I have therefore concluded that awareness of womens needs and participation of women and men in the planning process seem crucial for the success of the fisheries projects.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/317

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (657.7Kb)

Development of artisanal fishery in Rama Cay community, Atlantic coast of Nicaragua

Sequeira, Karen M. Joseph (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 31-May-2002)

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Development is a term that evokes powerful images. It speaks to the collective aspiration of the people for a life of meaning and dignity. It inspire the hope to achieve what develop countries have achieved and what the poor may one day obtain. This thesis is the first study of Rama indigenous people focussing and its fishing activity in the community of Rama Cay. It examines the fundamental of the incongruities that has kept back the development of the fishing sector in Rama Cay. The problems that have concurred on the appropriate use of the resource such as transportation, processing methods and marketing. This study combines secondary sources with fieldwork notes based on interviews and discussions with members in and out of the community that are involved with the fishery. It provides information on type of fishing gears and boats in numbers and percentages. Women participation and how the cooperative system and problems related with processing activities can be improved. It is observe that trade offs at community level can be relatively different in comparison of the national and regional level. This trade offs happen because of pursuing multiples objective that cannot be fulfill at full extent. Therefore, Nicaragua has participated in many fisheries development project that evidently show that fish product from artisanal fishers can be sell to local market and the industrial production for export markets. Co-management is one of the alternatives that Nicaragua itself should develop to the national extent and also regional, so that a small community such as Rama Cay can also be include in the management system.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/315

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (1.170Mb)

A bioeconomic analysis of the Ghanaian tuna fishery (1980-2000)

Bortier-Verstraaten, Mabel Borteley (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 31-May-2002)

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The commercial tuna fishery of the East Atlantic and like wise the Ghanaian tuna fishery are based on the harvests of Bigeye, Skipjack and Yellowfin. In Ghana, baitboats and purse seiners commercially harvest these species of tuna. This study analysed the CPUE for the Ghanaian tuna fishery. The analysis was made for the three species and also for the two vessel types. The effort was standardized to large purse seiner days. The results when compared to the CPUE per species for the East Atlantic revealed that the Ghanaian vessels (1980 – 2000) were in some cases up to 40 times more efficient than large purse seiners in the East Atlantic (1967-1980). A single species bioeconomic analysis was conducted for each of the three species using biological parameters adopted from Conrad and Adu-Asamoah (1986). This showed that present harvest levels of Skipjack and Yellowfin for the East Atlantic region were in excess of the open access equilibrium. Thus a decline in future harvest levels of Skipjack and Yellowfin is expected. Sustainable economic rents calculated for the two-vessel types revealed that, bioeconomically, baitboats are more profitable than purse seiners. It was observed that the FAD’s might be the main cause of changes in the species composition ratio of the tuna catches over the past decade.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/305

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (1.408Mb)

Users' attitudes toward fisheries management on Lake Zeway, Ethiopia

Ali, Abdurhman Kelil (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 03-Jun-2002)

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A resource management system combines a set of regulatory scheme within a particular resource to achieve a management outcome. The effectiveness of these regulatory measures depends on the support gained from the resource user group and the way they themselves define their problem, their involvement in the decisionmaking process, in installing and enforcing the regulations. Through semi-structured interviews, this study investigated what resource users think about: the status of stocks and the reason for any change, fisheries management issues and measures and management in partnership on Lake Zeway fisheries. It is found out that sample respondents understand and agree the resource is in undesirable state mainly due to increasing number of fishers and/or gears beyond the capacity of the lake, use of small mesh size/fishing for juveniles and on the breeding grounds. They expect a continued pattern of decline unless some possible measures undertaken to curb the problem. Respondents are, for most part, supportive of management. Most of them understand the importance of the variables that management can manipulate and agree on some fundamental element of a common management strategy but lack incentive for compliance due to the absence of property right. Moreover, they showed motivation and willingness to share management responsibility with fisheries officials. Consolidation of the community coupled with local control of resource base access and active involvement in the management thereof, are important ingredients for achieving true success – i.e. long term sustainability – in the exploitation of the fishery resources.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/304

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (192.0Kb)

The economic development of the kapenta fishery Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe/Zambia)

Madamombe, Loveness (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2002)

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Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) was introduced from Lake Tanganyika into the man-made Lake Kariba, where it now supports a large and viable fishery for Zimbabwe and Zambia who share the lake. The challenge for this paper has been to investigate whether the viability of the kapenta fishery is dependent upon biological factor or economic parameters. The Pella and Tomlinson surplus production model (Pella and Tomlinson, 1967) was used, and parameterised by historical catch and effort data in addition to individual growth parameters. 1994 data was referred to as the current data. In the analysis three reference points were used, Maximum sustainable yield (MSY), Maximum economic yield (MEY) and Open access (OA) equilibriums. Prices and costs were varied to see the sensitivity of the fishery to these two variables, based on the reference points. MSY yield and effort which is the same for both countries was found to be 23 336 tonnes and 725 rigs at the age of first capture of four months. MEY yield and effort is 22 854 tonnes and 475 rigs for Zimbabwe and 22 181 tonnes and 500 rigs for Zambia. Resource rent at MSY is ZW$273 000 and ZK26Million and at MEY it is ZW$316 000 and ZK28Million. Current (1994) effort levels were shown to be close to MSY effort levels. OA effort levels are shown to be three times the current effort; trends in the fishery also show that effort levels are on the decrease, indicating that OA is not a threat to this fishery.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/336

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (206.8Kb)

Trawling and longlining in the Namibian hake industry

Elago, Panduleni N. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2002)

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Two hake species are caught off the coast of Namibia. These are Merluccious capensis and Merluccius paradoxus, and they are not distinguished between in catches . Two fishing fleets harvest hake, these are trawlers and longliners. In this study, the focus has been on the biological and economic characteristics of two different fishing methods. The Pella and Tomlinson surplus production model was used, and the parameters estimated by applying time series of catch and effort data. Revenue and cost were estimated in order to do an economic assessment of the hake fishery. The results from the model analysis suggests a higher benefits (economic rent) from the longline fishery only, with high catch rates, high effort, revenue. The model indicates that the level of stock from both longlining and trawling are operating under a sustainable level of fishing effort. The maximum theoretical resource rent of the trawl and longline fisheries amounts to N$891 million and N$1,7 billion respectively. However from the current hake stock we will expect a decrease in catch in a long run (trawl fishery) with a stable or even a decreased effort from today’s fishery for Namibian hake to be at the level of maximum economic yield of effort and catch. The higher rent generated by longliners is due to the high price they receive for their landings which is usually exported; and the different selection pattern from the two fishing fleets. Thus, a difference of N$802 million will accrue to longliners according to the model results.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/312

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (347.1Kb)

Bio-economics of common resource over exploitation. Case of Lake Malombe Chambo (Oreochromis Sp. cichlidae) fishery in Malawi

Maguza-Tembo, Francis (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 07-Jun-2002)

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Increased attention has been paid over recent years to the Over exploitation of small-scale fishery resources. This paper offers a simple bio-economic model of fishery exploitation orientated towards both Lake Malombe Chambo (Oreochromis sp.) and the Whole Lake Malombe Fishery. The catching of Chambo in Lake Malombe has historically been important to Malawi Fisheries, and the changes that have taken place in the Fishery have had major social and economic consequences on communities around the Lake. Bioeconomic exploration of this fishery has been based on the catch, effort and price data from 1976 to 1999. It has been demonstrated here that, Chambo. Fishery provides a unique illustration of the economic and biological effects of technological (gear type) change in situations where access to the natural resource remains virtually unrestricted (open access). The components of the model are explained with reference to their guiding economic (Maximum Economic Yield) and biological (Maximum Sustainable Yield) reference points. And it is estimated in the study that if yield of Chambo falls below 6900 tons and 14 621 tons for the Whole fishery, then the rate at which the population regenerates itself falls below the rate of extraction. The paper also draws the problem of effort over capacity as the current capacity exceeds, by a wide margin, the capacity that would be required to harvest a sustained yield. In addition to the over capacity is the problem of selectivity in the gear types. Such over capacity and non-selectivity in fishing gear makes control of catch and efforts difficult and threatens the fishery.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/243

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (370.0Kb)

The evaluation for the fisheries resources in Bohai Sea

Zhang, Chunrong (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 12-Jun-2002)

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Fisheries in Bohai Sea occur in an ecosystem, with different provinces conducting fishing activities on different species using different gears. Coordination of government actions continues to be a problem, as there exists many contradictions between different sectoral planning approaches. With the absence of a holistic institutional framework of management mechanism, coastal and marine resources are being destroyed. It has been found out in the study that fisheries resources in Bohai Sea, especially traditional high-valued species such as small yellow croaker, hair tail and Chinese prawn, have been over fished, and they have been replaced by some lowvalued species, mostly primarily smaller pelagic species, such as Japanese anchovy, half-fin anchovy etc. The effects on trophic level changes have been caused by mainly due to impacts from human activities and the variation in natural environmental problem like pollution. The CPUE declined from 2.39 tons/ kilowatt in 1950s to 0.91 tons / kilowatt in 1990s. The Bohai Sea being an important spawning, nursery and feeding ground for many migratory species from the Yellow Sea and at the same time supporting an important penaeid shrimp fishery it deemed important to carry out this work. The paper is divided into six sections. The first section is a brief introduction of the physical and biological characteristics of the region. Following is the description of methodology used in this paper. The data used in this study are listed in third section. The next section describes the major fisheries and specie shifts in dominance, and examines of the causes of resource variability are given in section five. Suggestions for restoring the resources of this ecosystem are offered in the final section.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/340

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (1.084Mb)

Financial leasing as a mechanism of vessel purchase. Case study: A Russian-Norwegian project

Bantikova, V. Elena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 14-Jun-2002)

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/326

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thesis.pdf (279.2Kb)
The issues of price formation on the processing stage of herring production in Russia

Karamouchko, Irina (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 21-Jun-2002)

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/327

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (394.5Kb)

A bioeconomic model for Uganda's Lake Victoria Nile Perch fishery

Kyomuhendo, Peter (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 12-Dec-2002)

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Abstract:

After an evaluation of this Nile perch fishery for the period 1986 – 2000, when it constituted more than 60% of the catch, it is evident that a severe over fishing problem exits and that the fishery has never been managed for economic efficiency. All economic rent from this fishery has been and continues to be dissipated. The effort in 2000 is 64% higher than that required to take MEY and 44% higher than that required to harvest MSY. The total cost of fishing effort at OAE is 44% higher than that at MSY and 62% higher than that at MEY. The total cost of fishing effort at MSY is 33% higher than that at MEY. This open access fishery is the victim of excess fishing effort which, seems to be growing even further whilst harvests plummet. The objectives of fishery management often based but not entirely on political considerations, should be subjected to economic analysis to determine their consequences on the fishery. The resultant optimal management strategy should in addition incorporate views of all stakeholders in both design and implementation.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/332

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (121.4Kb)

Vaccination of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) against atypical furunculosis using different adjuvants

Hamid, Lemia M.O (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2003)

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In recent years increased attention has been focussed on fish vaccines and vaccination against diseases in farmed fish. In this study, efficacy and side effects of vaccination against atypical furunculosis in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) were studied in an experimental trial by using different adjuvants. The different adjuvanted vaccines were administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) to Atlantic cod. The adjuvants used were CpG DNA, Aluminium hydroxide (Alhydrogel), and Freunds incomplete adjuvant (FIA). Efficacy of the vaccines and side effects were determined 12 weeks post vaccination, whereas serum antibodies were measured 15 weeks post vaccination. Vaccination of Atlantic cod against atypical furunculosis protects the fish and elicits specific antibody responses to experimental infection with atypical A. salmonicida. The atypical A. salmonicida bacterin alone resulted in very good protection (RPS=75%), and addition of adjuvant alone or in combination did not improve the protection significantly. This indicates that Atlantic cod can be protected against atypical furunculosis through non-adjuvanted vaccines. The injection of FIA alone gave non-specific protection, while the adjuvants CpG DNA and Aluminium hydroxide did not give any non-specific protection. The group, which received CPG DNA alone, had a higher mortality (57%) than the saline control group (53%). High specific antibody responses were demonstrated in all groups vaccinated with A. salmonicida bacterin. The responses were strongest in the groups, which received A. salmonicida in FIA. The study also assessed the side-effects 12 weeks vaccination. The vaccines containing FIA showed the most sever side-effects among the vaccinated group. Aluminium hydroxide showed a less degree of the intraabdominal side effects compared to FIA, but a delay in fish growth was observed.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/330

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (606.3Kb)

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). The allocation of space in Norwegian aquaculture - from local lottery to central planning?

Sønvisen, Signe Annie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2003)

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Abstract:

Resource management in the coastal zone involves a large number of stakeholders and resource users, from traditional fishermen and recreational housing owners to state and municipal government. The aim of this study is to show how spatial scarcity in Norwegian aquaculture is not solely a technical definition, but scarcity also depends upon the social context in which it operates. That is, what has influenced Norwegian aquaculture policy in spatial terms? This question is answered by looking at how allocation of space has developed from the early 1970s and to the present, what actors were involved, what arguments did they use and what was the spatial outcome of the chosen policies. Through a literature review, I have shown how discourses of regional policy, industrial policy, environmental policy and health policy have affected the spatial allocation of aquaculture licenses in the past. Moreover, I show that these discourses are a part of a larger coastal zone management discourse, which is becoming increasingly popular. Thus, scarcity of space in aquaculture is defined within the discursive framework that it operates.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/324

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (683.0Kb)

Towards an explanation of the North Sea cod crisis. The perspective of knowledge

Nolde Nielsen, Kåre (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 22-May-2003)

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/320

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (632.7Kb)

Consumption of salmon. A survey of supermarkets in China

Wang, Lingling (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-May-2003)

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Abstract:

To keep up with the recent trends in consumer demand for salmon product in supermarkets, an understanding of the relationship between consumption and variation of lifestyle is needed. The present paper seeks to address this question by hypothesizing that consumption is strongly influenced by consumers’ sociodemograhic status, experience of salmon, beliefs with salmon’s attributes and preference for the preferred type of salmon. Understanding the main lifestyle factors influencing consumer behaviour is important for marketers who want to increase demand of Norwegian salmon in supermarkets. A recursive sequential model of decision making process is used to evaluate the effect of socio-demograhic, experience, preference, belief variables on salmon demand in supermarkets in China. The important findings lead to suggestions for the marketers, such as, ‘ try taste’ activity could be carried out through in store promotion; marketing campaign should be taken around fish counter; promotion should be taken in supermarkets that have consumers of middle and high income; making salmon into nicely packed sashimi with kinds of sauce could possibly increase demand; cooking skill should be demonstrated in store or through media; Marketing activities should be carried out more frequently in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Moreover, the impact of hygienic standard of the supermarket and advertisement are suggested to be investigated and evoked set to be applied in the further studies.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/307

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (219.8Kb)

Bioeconomic analysis of artisanal marine fisheries of Tanzania (Mainland)

Berachi, Isaac Ghebregziabher (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-May-2003)

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Artisanal marine fisheries of Tanzania involve the majority of the coastal population whose survival is entirely dependent on the coastal fishery resources. In this paper the artisanal sector of the marine fisheries for the period 1987 -2000 is analysed by applying Gordon-Schaefer Surplus Production Model on time series of total catch and standardised effort. Static reference points such as open access equilibrium, maximum economic yield and maximum sustainable yield are established in addition to the more dynamic optimal yield solution. The results show that the fishery has expanded beyond the economically optimum point where the current level of effort is further beyond that of maximum sustainable yield resulting in suboptimal yield, i.e. it has been evident that there is already overfishing in the inshore waters where majority of artisan fishermen concentrate. The major constraint is assumed to be the inadequate institution and legal framework for fisheries management. Also social and equity considerations have been the bottlenecks for the implementation of regulatory measures which would cause further unemployment. Thus, the present study calls for policy intervention to rescue the stock from the existing high fishing pressure that would lead to depletion.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/303

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (159.7Kb)

Industrial restructuring and enterprise development. The state, importance and development strategies for the fisheries sector of Vietnam

Nguyen, Thanh Binh (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-Jun-2003)

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This paper presents the importance, the state of affairs and the development strategies of the state-owned enterprises in the Fishery sector of Vietnam. The purpose is, firstly, to review state-owned enterprise reform literature of relevance to Vietnam. Secondly, the reform of state-owed enterprises in Vietnam particularly in the Fisheries Sector is reviewed to determine the important issues and problems as well as the its role in the renovation process of Vietnamese fisheries state-sector enterprises. Finally, the opportunities, conditions, and obstacles for the reform are identified in the sector economic development. The review of the state-owned enterprise reform in Vietnam suggests that the diversification of ownership is one of the most important factors affecting successes of the economic reform. There is a need for accelerating equitisation of state-owned enterprises to have more involvement of private sectors. In the Fisheries sector, inefficient operations of fisheries state-owned enterprises have imposed financial burden on the national budget. Data of financial performance of fisheries enterprises including state general corporations and equitised companies is employed to observe changes of their profitability, operating efficiency, and leverages. Nonetheless, restricted accessibility of records of state-owned enterprise financial performance caused some limitations of analysis of financial and economic performances. The empirical result shows that equitised companies have been operating much more efficiently than preequitisation. The state capitals are being invested with higher returns and more significantly, budgetary burden was removed. Some obstacles such as incomplete and irrelevant regulations and lack of broad-based consensus of equitisation have accounted for lags of the reform process. It is necessary to create a more effective policy and legal frameworks, more incentives for actors participating in the process and more stable macroeconomic environments.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/333

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (242.7Kb)

Towards an appropriate economic management regime of tuna fisheries in Ghana

Obeng, Victor (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-Jun-2003)

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The Ghanaian tuna fishery is a baitboat and purse seine fishery. Three main species of tuna are caught namely, Skipjack, Bigeye and Yellowfin. A detailed and comprehensive set of catch and effort data for the tuna fisheries has been obtained for the period 1980-2001. Harvest functions have been designed and estimated. By maximising the loglikelihood function by numerical methods, parameter estimates and performance indicators of the different models were obtained. The best result was obtained for a harvest model allowing inclusion of a time trend parameter. For this model the stockoutput elasticity is assumed to be 1, the effort-output elasticity is estimated at 0.849, and the technological change at about 3.6% annual increase in productivity. Technical – Economic interactions among the species have been analysed. Different periods where chosen for each period, cross – elasticity of supply calculated between the species. The result indicated a mixed significance, which gives room for the existence of technical – economic interactions among the species over the years, considered. This suggests that single species management may be inappropriate for the tuna fishery.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10037/306

File(s) in this item: 1

thesis.pdf (462.6Kb)

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Browsing Master's theses in international fisheries management by Issue Date

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