Browsing Master's theses in international fisheries management by Title
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Browsing Master's theses in international fisheries management by Title
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Andrade Rodriguez, Hector Antonio (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 05-Jun-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: The rose-spotted snapper, Lutjanus guttatus, seems to be sequentially exploited by the shrimp trawler and the artisanal fleet along the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. The growth parameters of the snapper were estimated in the present study with basis on material collected in two fishing harbours. Other biological and fishery information was compiled to simulate stock dynamics with a yield-per-recruit model. This single-species model allowed the evaluation of possible outcomes of fleet interactions, in terms of relative yield, spawning stock development and profit. A large emphasis was put in the evaluation of skeletal structures, otoliths and vertebrae, to determine age. Vertebrae seem to be the best structure for ageing, as they revealed better ring definition, and resulted in more adequate growth patterns and plausible Von Bertalanffy growth parameters. The VBGF (total length-at-age) obtained with vertebrae was Lt = 66.4(1-exp(-0.13(t-0.03))). The age of first-capture (Tc) for the trawl and the artisanal fleets were estimated to be about 1 and 3 years, respectively. The age-dependent mortality was suggested to follow unimodal curves for the two fleets, owing to the patterns of selectivity of the gear and availability of the fish. The yield-per-recruit scenarios showed that for the suggested biological and fishery parameters, the highest yield of snapper is not being attained. Further, the model suggests that with the present fishing pattern high rates of fishing mortality could deplete the spawning stock. Implementation of size-selective practices that minimise the trawlers’ by-catch of L. guttatus, and an increase of the artisanal Tc (to above the maturation age, Tm, about 4.5 years) are likely to result in increased yield, total profit, and prevent recruitment overfishing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/299 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (937.1Kb) -
Sand, Mona (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-May-2002)[+][-]
Abstract: The mackerel fishery has become the most important pelagic species for export. Prior to 1994 the allocations between the three main fleet groups, the purse seine, the coastal and the trawl fleet was negotiated on an annual basis. 1994, was an important year for the fisheries industry, the price subsidies were no longer appropriate after the implementation of the EEA agreement. A stronger focus on economic efficiency and the need for stability, political and economic, called for a more stable allocation of the quotas. The Norwegian Fishermen’s Association has been instrumental in the process of finding an acceptable Allocation key. However, the processes have been turbulent and critical for the Norwegian Fishermen’s Association. The authorities followed the key more or less, the advice from the Norwegian Fisherman’s Association weights heavily in the management system. The notion that participation in the decision-making process yields legitimacy is central to understand the emphasis the authorities have laid on the compromises. However, the notion of the legitimacy of the procedure may be questionable. The representational share of the different interest groups in the Norwegian Fishermen’s Association is under debate. Furthermore, through a series of events the coastal mackerel fishery was in 2002 regulated by limited access for all vessels. The limited access must be understood most as an economical regulation, however behind this regulation strong interests have played a significant role. Co-management within the “family” will hence concentrate on a long-term allocation, which is now determined for the next 7 years. But whether this is perceived as legitimate in the wider circles of stakeholders is still open for debated. The issue of payment of resource rent is pending. Stable conditions, in particular political, may therefore be something of an illusion, even if the annual allocation battle is now history. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/323 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (233.2Kb) -
Iitembu, Johannes Angala (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 30-May-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: This multidisciplinary analysis of Namibia marine aquaculture developments has found it to have a good potential. Existing Namibian aquaculture laws are comprehensive in nature controlling aspects such as water, land, public health, sanitation and disease, however they ignore fish welfare. Mean temperature of Namibian marine coastal waters in the150 m water depth strata has averaged at 14.07 oC for the last eleven years (1993-2003). The marine waters in the central area of Namibian coastline are colder than the waters both northward and southward. Temperature decreased with water depth at a gradient of about 0.1oC/m in the 100 m water depth strata. Mean salinity averaged at 34.89‰ with low variation in the 100 m water depth column. Species which are considered for aquaculture are ranked on the scale of one to ten according to their respective potentials based on both environmental and economic issues: Oysters (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis) are ranked at 9/10, Abalone (Haliotis midae) 8/10, Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) 8/10, Rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) 7/10, Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 6/10, Hake (Merluccius capensis) with 5/10 and Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) 3/10. Despite the fact that most of the species considered can live within temperature and salinity ranges of Namibian marine coastal waters at different latitudes and depths, their respective farming successes can be enhanced by research to investigate specie-specific conditions that promote their yields. Economically farming of shellfish has better potential than finfish due its low production costs which is partly a result of adjacent nutrient rich Benguela ecosystem and promising investment returns as a result increasing shellfish product demands and prices. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/311 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.200Mb) -
Ntola, Busisiwe Precious (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 14-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: The total annual catch from the log-book and Food & Agriculture Organization were compared. Annual catch per unit effort of the Loligo reynaudi was investigated. There were five vessel size groups and eight fishing areas identified. A Simple Analysis of Variance was used to test the effect of the year, quarter, region, area on the CPUE and General Linear Model was used to standardize the CPUE. The trend in the annual biomass from the surveys and the standardized CPUE were examined and compared. The log-book data had highest annual catch in 2004 and lowest in 2001. While the FAO statistics had the highest peak in 2005. Closed season imposed from October to November and different peaks in the spawning periods had an influence on the monthly CPUE. Vessel size group 5 had the highest CPUE, while, size group 1 had the lowest. Port Alfred showed higher and Seal Bay lower CPUE. The relationship between the survey biomass and standardized annual CPUE revealed an increase in the biomass in the surveys and a fluctuation in the CPUE URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2483 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (3.103Mb) -
Mozumder, Mohammad Mojibul Hoque (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 17-Jun-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: Mucus samples were collected from five different farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in order to study the content of antibacterial activity in the mucus and to compare the activity of mucus samples of the two different fish species. The mucus samples were diluted in buffer, desalted and adjusted to different protein concentrations in the mucus samples, A search for antibacterial activity in the mucus was performed for different protein concentrations, against four different bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Listionella anguillarum, Corynebacterrium glutamicum and Staphylococcus aureus.Protein concentrations in cod mucus samples were found higher than the salmon mucus samples when tested by different protein assays, Bicinchonic assay (BCA) and absorbance based method with measurement in spectrophotometer at A280 nm. Antibacterial activity was detected in mucus samples of both fish species, against the four bacterial strains. The bacteria C. glutamicum was the most sensitive, while S. aureus was the least sensitive against the different mucus samples. Furthermore, mucus samples of cod contained more antibacterial active substances than the mucus samples of the salmon. The results of this study indicate that that the mucus of salmon and cod contain one or several components with antibacterial activity. These bioactive substances may play an important role in the ability of mucus to defend salmon and cod against pathogenic bacteria or microorganisms. However, more investigation is necessary to confirm the antibacterial activity in cod and salmon mucus and to purify and characterize the active components. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/295 File(s) in this item: 1
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Khan, Mohammad Safayet (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Natural transformation is one of three mechanisms by which genetic material can be exchanged horizontally between bacteria and the only mechanism that the DNA is actively taken up by the recipient cell. It is also one of the mechanism by which bacteria acquire resistance against antibiotics and thus creating a growing concern worldwide for aquaculture industries. This study uses Acinetobacter baylyi BD413/wild strain to investigate the role of different com genes in DNA uptake as a nutrient source and thus strengthening the hypothesis that transformation evolved as a nutrient-uptake system. Since competition is induced by nutritional limitation in Haemophilus influenzae and Bacillus subtilis, model bacteria Acinetobacter baylyi BD413 were first grown in different concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to find out their nutritional limiting conditions. Afterwards, different concentrations of DNA were added into nutritionally limiting concentrations of N and P for these bacteria. The bacteria were then grown with and without DNA under these nutritional limiting conditions to see whether or not the DNA may be taken up by these bacteria as a nutrient source. A. baylyi was also grown without any carbon source in the medium and with DNA as a carbon source in the S2 medium to find out the role of DNA as the sole source of carbon and energy supporting microbial growth. A. baylyi growth was not found to be enhanced in phosphorus limiting conditions (below 5% P concentrations) but managed to grow even without any nitrogen sources in the medium. This suggests that A. baylyi could possibly get the nitrogen from dying cells during its growth phase. Adding different concentrations of DNA without any nitrogen sources in the media did not cause any significant increase in growth of A. baylyi suggesting that these bacteria do not take DNA as a nitrogen source. On the other side, adding DNA in phosphorus limited growth condition showed to induce significant increase in growth of A. baylyi suggesting that competence might be induced by phosphorus limited growth conditions for these bacteria. Like nitrogen, competence was not found to be induced by carbon limiting growth conditions since A. baylyi was not influenced by DNA and it may be grown even without any source of carbon. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1477 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (697.4Kb) -
Mensah, Isaac (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 30-Nov-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: The tuna fishery is an important sector in Ghana. In 2009, total landing of tuna in Ghana represented about 24% of total catches in the East Atlantic. Canned tuna is Ghana’s most important non-traditional export commodity in terms of foreign exchange earnings. The main focus of this thesis is to analyze the performance of Ghanaian canned tuna export to the EU -27 market. Performance is measured in terms of Ghana’s competitiveness relative to the performance of other exporting countries; namely, Cote d’ Ivoire, Ecuador, Madagascar and Thailand. The competing countries are all leading exporters of canned tuna and were chosen to reflect regional balance and different trading and tariff systems in the EU market. The performance indicators employed for the study are two measures of specialization; the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Revealed Symmetry Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and a measure of competitiveness, the Market Share (MS) Index using yearly data from 1999 -2009. To infer competitiveness from the changes in export value over time, a first- level Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis was used to decompose the changes in export value into a structural effect, competitive effect and second-order effect. To augment this technique, an empirical analysis on the determinants of the Ghana’s canned tuna export was conducted using the Armington trade model by OLS regression on monthly data from January 1999 – December 2009, with quantity market share as the dependent variable. The results of the indices of specialization, shows that, Ghana has comparative advantage in the export of canned tuna to the EU -27 throughout the study period. In terms of competitiveness, Ghana’s market share value has declined over the study period. Judging by the operational definition of competitiveness, Ghana has been less competitive. The CMS decomposition of changes in export values indicates that the changes in export value of Ghana can be attributed to structural effect (growth of the market) mainly. The results of the regression analysis indicate that, price ratio, the level of specialization and trade policy effect have statistically significant effect on the quantity market share of Ghana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2919 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.283Mb) -
Minta, Sheila O. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 05-Jun-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: Considering the fact that nearly 25% of the Ghanaian people live in the coastal zone and about 10% depend on the coastal fishery for livelihood, it is likely that any changes in the production of the fishery may impact on the socio-economic lives of the people. For the past four decades, climatic conditions ha ve been found to be changing in the country. This period coincided with the conspicuous fluctuations in the landings of the most significant pelagic species exploited by the canoe fleet. This study provides an assessment of the influence of precipitation and sea surface temperature changes on yield and catch of Round Sardinella (Sardinella aurita), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus), Flat Sardinella (S. maderensis) and Guinea Shrimp (Parapenaeopsis atlantica). The abundance of these stocks is believed to be correlated with upwelling and sea surface temperature conditions and a local manifestation of global scale climatic changes is suspected to be taking place. It was hypothesized that climate as represented by sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation affects either catchability or the population growth rate of each species. Forty years of climatological data (mean air temperature and precipitation) were assessed; 38 and 33 years each of hydrological data (sea surface temperature and salinity) were then used to investigate the possible relation between climatic changes and species production. Forecasts of future climate scenarios were made, and stock dynamics were simulated with an environmentally coupled dynamic surplus production model. Stock production and, to a lower extent, catchability were found to be closely tied to climatological factors. Lower catch rates of the Round Sardinella coincided with years of higher SST and the reverse was true for the anchovy. For the shrimp and flat sardine, precipitation was found to have the most substantial effect on production and total annual catchability. It was concluded that changes in climate directly affect the productivity of the ecosystem as well as its catchability and most importantly, the population growth rate of the species. For sustainable management of the fishery resources, it is imperative that climatic and hydrological parameters be incorporated into fishery management models. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/298 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (807.9Kb) -
Borit, Melania (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 15-May-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Two of the three new pillars of the European Union Common Fisheries Policy (EU Regulation 1005/2008; EU Regulation Proposal 2008/0216 (CNS)) were explicitly developed to address the illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing concern. These regulations attempt to introduce market monitoring measures that prevent IUU fish from entering legitimate trade channels in the Community. The leading purpose of this study was twofold: to analyse if the traceability related provisions of these two legal documents are relevant for IUU fishing deterrence, and to test if they fulfil de lege lata the traceability requirements of the chain of custody. In order to achieve these aims, a novel analytical tool that was suitable for the dual purposes had to be constructed. Model 1 was conceived to identify the overlapping of the necessary data for identifying IUU components (actors or products) with the traceability data recorded in the documentation imposed by the legal provisions at each critical traceability control point. Model 2 was designed to identify the fulfilment of the chain of custody requirements along the traceability control points. The present findings indicate that the traceability data retained according to the new legal EU norms have little relevance to be used effectively in deterrence of IUU operations. Similarly, the system put into place by both legal documents does not fulfil the requirements of a traceability scheme. Although the two analytical models utilized are preliminary, they can be further developed to improve comprehensiveness and depth of scrutiny. The models developed and the main findings of the study are of interest to both Community and third-country entities involved in a way or another in IUU fishing deterrence, traceability in fish supply chains or legislation development. Future studies should focus on the design of a traceability system for fishery products that fits the purpose of IUU fishing deterrence under a de lege ferenda approach. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2002 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (2.460Mb) -
Hiheglo, Petit Kwaku (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 23-May-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: Inland and marine capture fisheries productions in Ghana have more or less stabilised. Moreover, the increasing population is always putting pressure on the demand for fish which capture and marine productions alone are not able to meet. The national demand for fish is always greater than the country can supply and the gap is widening year after year. However, fish is the most important animal protein in Ghana accounting for about 82 % of protein consumption. Moreover, the relatively cheaper price of fish compared to the other animal proteins means that the year-after-year short-fall in fish production will affect the protein in-take of the poorer segments of the society in the near future if nothing is done about it. For example according to Tradezone, even though the national fish demand for 2007 was 913, 992 tonnes, the country was able to supply only 511, 836.The development of aquaculture has been seen to be one of the best solutions to the problem. The positive side is that the geo-ecological climate of the country is generally favourable for aquaculture development. These include the vast water surfaces of the dug-outs, dams, lagoons, the Volta Lake (the largest man-made lake in the world) and other water bodies. Nonetheless, this vast potential has not been tapped due to number of bottlenecks such as the availability of quality feed among others. Following the results of my studies and work, I therefore propose that; 1. The local agricultural products and by-products should be tested scientifically in order to formulate cheap feed for aquaculture development. 2. Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture (IAA) should be promoted and developed since it is resource and ecologically efficient and at the same time economically beneficial to farmers. 3. The agricultural extension officers should be trained in fish farming techniques so that that they can help advice farmers more especially on issues of integrated agriculture-aquaculture. 4. Women should be encouraged and motivated to enter into aquaculture and 5. Finally, the Aquaculture Development Committee (ADC) should assist farmers in the acquisition of soft loans and land which have been major stumbling blocks to the development of aquaculture. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1431 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (502.6Kb) -
Tamayo, Roman J. Machado (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 06-Jun-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: To monitor the genetic variability of L.vannamei shrimp-specie as founder stock and their correspondent first generation (F1), four microsatellite DNA loci species-specific for these animals were used. Data from allelic diversity (size, number and frequency of alleles) and levels of hetrozygozity were obtained as measures of genetic diversity. The protocol used is belonging to the lab, from the Norwegian College of Fishery science (NFH) of the University of Tromsø (Uitø). The results indicated a decrease in some of measures for genetic diversity. The number of allele (Na) ranged from 1-9 and their effectives number of alleles (ne) from 1.1 to 6.72. The mean value observed heterozygosity (Ho) by populations range from 0.29 to 0.63, which were lower than the expected one. Loss of genetic diversity may have originated from the selection of better performing individuals for a number of traits of interest. There is gap concerning to pedigree information from these animals, due to their origin place (USA). Artificial breeding practices may result in a decrease of genetic variability in terms of allelic diversity but which is not necessarily detectable from the levels of heterozygosity. Thus, should be taking into account at moment to start a genetic breeding program with the animals tested. This study highlights the importance of constantly assessing the genetic variability in the cultured shrimp populations in Cuba. Considering the low variability observed, it is suggested that the development of a sustainable selective breeding program in Cuba should be conducted only after application of measures aimed at enhancing the genetic variation (through exchange of broodstocks with others producers or sampling of wild specimens) and that the genetic information be constantly used to reduce the risks of further inbreeding. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/344 File(s) in this item: 1
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Thom, Nguyen Tien (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, May-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: This study applies the theory planed behavior (TPB - Ajzen, 1991) to investigate the general antecedents of seafood consumption in Bacninh province of Vietnam. The results show that customers in the area consume seafood at a low frequency although they have high motivation and positive attitude toward fish consumption. A further investigation reveals that quality, negative effects, and suitability have significant impact on attitude, while availability, suitability, and value are main determinant of personal control toward seafood consumption. In academic aspects, the study confirms that TPB and the measures used broadly in Western cultures are suitable for seafood consumption in Vietnamese context. Fish consumption frequency is significant predicted and explained by intention and behaviorperceived control, and intention in turn is significant determined by attitude and subjective norms but not by personal control. Some other important factors such as habit, eating involvement, health consciousness, and knowledge that are suggested as important in the understanding of seafood consumption behavior are also assessed in term of description and test of scale. These factors are suggested as additional components for the TPB in future studies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1001 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (755.8Kb) -
Mohamed, Solah (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 30-May-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Skipjack tuna fishery in the Maldives is the most important and by far the predominant fishery in the country. This fishery is an open access fishery and has been developing over the years. With the technological development fishers have been moving further in search of fish and catch has been increasing steadily. No stock assessment of the exploited tuna stock has been undertaken. Effort data from the Maldivian skipjack tuna fishery from 1985 to 2005 is standardised to a standard year 2005 vessel and standardised effort has together with catch data been used to calculate the parameter values for the Schafer and Fox surplus production models. The parameterised models are used to estimate the reference equilibriums of open access, maximum sustainable yield, maximum economic yield and the solution of social optimum. The analysis indicates that present level of effort in the fishery is close to the level of maximum sustainable yield (of about 100 thousand tonnes), but increase in cost and uncertainties related to recent changes in fishing pattern may show this situation to be unsustainable and cause a reduction in fishing effort under open access. This analysis also suggests that with current cost and price, this fishery may not be biologically overfished. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1163 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (385.4Kb) -
Bortier-Verstraaten, Mabel Borteley (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 31-May-2002)[+][-]
Abstract: The commercial tuna fishery of the East Atlantic and like wise the Ghanaian tuna fishery are based on the harvests of Bigeye, Skipjack and Yellowfin. In Ghana, baitboats and purse seiners commercially harvest these species of tuna. This study analysed the CPUE for the Ghanaian tuna fishery. The analysis was made for the three species and also for the two vessel types. The effort was standardized to large purse seiner days. The results when compared to the CPUE per species for the East Atlantic revealed that the Ghanaian vessels (1980 – 2000) were in some cases up to 40 times more efficient than large purse seiners in the East Atlantic (1967-1980). A single species bioeconomic analysis was conducted for each of the three species using biological parameters adopted from Conrad and Adu-Asamoah (1986). This showed that present harvest levels of Skipjack and Yellowfin for the East Atlantic region were in excess of the open access equilibrium. Thus a decline in future harvest levels of Skipjack and Yellowfin is expected. Sustainable economic rents calculated for the two-vessel types revealed that, bioeconomically, baitboats are more profitable than purse seiners. It was observed that the FAD’s might be the main cause of changes in the species composition ratio of the tuna catches over the past decade. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/305 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.408Mb) -
Kyomuhendo, Peter (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 12-Dec-2002)[+][-]
Abstract: After an evaluation of this Nile perch fishery for the period 1986 – 2000, when it constituted more than 60% of the catch, it is evident that a severe over fishing problem exits and that the fishery has never been managed for economic efficiency. All economic rent from this fishery has been and continues to be dissipated. The effort in 2000 is 64% higher than that required to take MEY and 44% higher than that required to harvest MSY. The total cost of fishing effort at OAE is 44% higher than that at MSY and 62% higher than that at MEY. The total cost of fishing effort at MSY is 33% higher than that at MEY. This open access fishery is the victim of excess fishing effort which, seems to be growing even further whilst harvests plummet. The objectives of fishery management often based but not entirely on political considerations, should be subjected to economic analysis to determine their consequences on the fishery. The resultant optimal management strategy should in addition incorporate views of all stakeholders in both design and implementation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/332 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (121.4Kb) -
Wang, Jingjing (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 06-Jun-2006)[+][-]
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Shevtsova, Julia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 08-Jun-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: The transition from socialism to capitalism in Russia is both a political and an economic process. An important aspect of the latter is the possibility of integration into the world economy (through trade and capital flows) is a crucial and related element of the former. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a particularly important element of the transition process itself and economic integration, because it opens not only possibilities for accelerated growth, technical innovation and enterprise restructuring, but also for capital account relief (Bevan and Estrin, 2000). There is growing evidence that enterprise productivity, R&D expenditure, innovation and company performance are higher in foreign owned firms — both in the transition economies and in the West. However, the inflows of foreign direct investment to Russia up until now were at the low level in comparison with the FDI to other country with transitional economies such as, for example, Poland or Hungary. Thus, the paper focuses on answering the following questions: what are the reasons for the lack of interest and enthusiasm on the part of foreign direct investors? what are the most important problems foreign direct investors come across with? are there any changes and improvements in investment climate in Russia happened nowadays comparing with the situation in the beginning and mid 1990s? URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/328 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (1.829Mb) -
Alves, Dário Mendes (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 05-Jun-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: Analysis of video recordings performed by the submersible “Nautile” in the Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic indicated that demersal fish species are associated to different types of deep-sea habitats. Four different dive transects were analysed with respect to environmental characteristics. A total of 19 fish groups were ordinated by means of canonical correspondence analysis, and the investigation was performed at the individual fish level. Microhabitat fauna was dominated by a diversity of suspension feeders indicating different gradients of bottom hydrology, particularly vertical and horizontal current flow. Physical, geological and biological factors revealed different strategies of habitat selection in fish. The most represented species, the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) showed a clear association with complex bottoms, including coral reefs. Others, such as Coryphaenoides rupestris and Synaphobranchus kaupi, showed higher flexibility of adjustment to changing environments. These traits can be utilised in the study of the environmental impact of deep-sea fishing. Based on the same dives, the locomotory behaviour of 13 fish species was studied with basis on a qualitative analysis of selected individuals. The main swimming modes used in shallow waters were also detected in the demersal environment. Clear differences in locomotory behaviour were found among fish species, reflecting both convergence and diversity of strategies of utilization of the demersal niche space. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/321 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (4.325Mb) -
Berachi, Isaac Ghebregziabher (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 28-May-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: Artisanal marine fisheries of Tanzania involve the majority of the coastal population whose survival is entirely dependent on the coastal fishery resources. In this paper the artisanal sector of the marine fisheries for the period 1987 -2000 is analysed by applying Gordon-Schaefer Surplus Production Model on time series of total catch and standardised effort. Static reference points such as open access equilibrium, maximum economic yield and maximum sustainable yield are established in addition to the more dynamic optimal yield solution. The results show that the fishery has expanded beyond the economically optimum point where the current level of effort is further beyond that of maximum sustainable yield resulting in suboptimal yield, i.e. it has been evident that there is already overfishing in the inshore waters where majority of artisan fishermen concentrate. The major constraint is assumed to be the inadequate institution and legal framework for fisheries management. Also social and equity considerations have been the bottlenecks for the implementation of regulatory measures which would cause further unemployment. Thus, the present study calls for policy intervention to rescue the stock from the existing high fishing pressure that would lead to depletion. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/303 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (159.7Kb) -
Nguyen, Thanh Viet (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-Jun-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the sustainability properties of the stock and management of the shrimp trawl fishery in the Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. Surplus production models of Verhulst-Schaefer and Gompertz-Fox are applied to the shrimp trawl fishery, which is a typical tropical fishery with the characteristic properties of small scale and multi-species fisheries. There are two shrimp spawning seasons per year in the Gulf. This implies that it is appropriate to divide the time scale into a half year in accordance with the biological year of the stock. The surplus production models which are usually associated with calendar year catch and effort data, in this study are applied for a half year time interval data. Empirical data were collected from the enumerator project (ALRMV), which was supported by DANIDA and carried out in Vietnam from 2000 to 2004. The catch and effort data aggregated from the data of the project were monthly collected by the questionnaire methodology in local fishing ports. Standard reference points with and without discounting are analyzed and policy implications of the findings are indicated. Entry tax and closing seasons may be reasonable regulations for the fishery in order to achieve maximum economic and sustainable yield. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/334 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (656.8Kb)
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