Institutt for samfunnsmedisin

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Institutt for samfunnsmedisin

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• Artikler, rapporter og annet (NAFKAM) [10]
• Artikler, rapporter og annet (samfunnsmedisin) [48]
• Mastergradsoppgaver i folkehelsevitenskap [38]

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• Multilocus Sequence Typing of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Norway Reveals Multiple New Sequence Types and a Large Genetic Diversity

  Gravningen, Kirsten Midttun; Christerson, Linus; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Ödman, Kristina; Ståhlsten, Anna; Herrmann, Björn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  The Chlamydia trachomatis incidence rate in Finnmark, the most northern and sparsely populated county in Norway, has been twice the national average. This population based cross-sectional study among Finnmark high school students had the following aims: i) to examine distribution of multilocus sequence types (STs) of C. trachomatis in a previously unmapped area, ii) to compare chlamydia genetic diversity in Finnmark with that of two urban regions, and iii) to compare discriminatory capacity of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with conventional ompA sequencing in a large number of chlamydia specimens. ompA sequencing and a high-resolution MLST system based on PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of five highly variable genetic regions were used. Eighty chlamydia specimens from adolescents aged 15–20 years in Finnmark were collected in five high schools (n = 60) and from routine clinical samples in the laboratory (n = 20). These were compared to routine clinical samples from adolescents in Tromsø (n = 80) and Trondheim (n = 88), capitals of North and Central Norway, respectively. ompA sequencing detected 11 genotypes in 248 specimens from all three areas. MLST displayed 50 STs providing a five-fold higher resolution. Two-thirds of all STs were novel. The common ompA E/Bour genotype comprised 46% and resolved into 24 different STs. MLST identified the Swedish new variant of C. trachomatis not discriminated by ompA sequencing. Simpson's discriminatory index (D) was 0.93 for MLST, while a corrected Dc was 0.97. There were no statistically significant differences in ST genetic diversity between geographic areas. Finnmark had an atypical genovar distribution with G being predominant. This was mainly due to expansion of specific STs of which the novel ST161 was unique for Finnmark. MLST revealed multiple new STs and a larger genetic diversity in comparison to ompA sequencing and proved to be a useful tool in molecular epidemiology of chlamydia infections

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5019

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (344.0Kb)
• Important risk factors and attributable risk of vertebral fractures in the population-based Tromsø study

  Waterloo, Svanhild Haugnes; Ngyen, T; Ahmed, Luai A.; Center, J; Morseth, Bente; Ngyen, ND; Eisman, John A.; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Emaus, Nina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  Vertebral fractures, the most common type of osteoporotic fractures, are associated with increased risk of subsequent fracture, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of important risk factors to the variability in vertebral fracture risk. Vertebral fracture was ascertained by VFA method (DXA, GE Lunar Prodigy) in 2887 men and women, aged between 38 and 87 years, in the population-based Tromsø Study 2007/2008. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) at the hip was measured by DXA. Lifestyle information was collected by questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression model, with anthropometric and lifestyle factors included, was used to assess the association between each or combined risk factors and vertebral fracture risk. Population attributable risk was estimated for combined risk factors in the final multivariable model. In both sexes, age (odds ratio [OR] per 5 year increase: 1.32; 95% CI 1.19-1.45 in women and 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.33 in men) and BMD (OR per SD decrease: 1.60; 95% CI 1.34-1.90 in women and1.40; 95% CI 1.18-1.67 in men) were independent risk factors for vertebral fracture. At BMD levels higher than 0.85 g/cm2, men had a greater risk of fracture than women (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.14-2.04), after adjusting for age. In women and men, respectively, approximately 46% and 33% of vertebral fracture risk was attributable to advancing age (more than 70 years) and low BMD (less than 0.85 g/cm2), with the latter having a greater effect than the former. These data confirm that age and BMD are major risk factors for vertebral fracture risk. However, in both sexes the two factors accounted for less than half of fracture risk. The identification of individuals with vertebral fracture is still a challenge.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4876

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  article.pdf   (253.5Kb)
• Duration of Lactation, Maternal Metabolic Profile, and Body Composition in the Norwegian EBBA I-Study

  Tørris, Christine; Thune, Inger; Emaus, A; Finstad, SE; Bye, Asta; Furberg, AS; Barrett, E; Jasienska, G; Ellison, P; Hjartåker, Anette (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)

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  Abstract:

  There is conflicting evidence as to whether duration of lactation may decrease the risk of subsequent development of an unfavorable maternal metabolic profile, including overweight and obesity. We hypothesized that duration of lactation is associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and healthier anthropometric measurements. Ninety-eight parous women were studied from the Norwegian EBBAI-study (Energy Balance and Breast cancer Aspects-study), a cross-sectional study of healthy premenopausal women 25–35 years old. Historical lactation data were collected, anthropometric measurements were taken, fasting blood samples (for serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were drawn, and women were asked to fill in a precoded food diary. Mean time since last birth was 4.7 years, mean number of children was 1.9, mean total duration of lactation was 19 months, and average length of lactation per child was 10.3 months. Women who on average lactated for less than 10 months per child had higher mean levels of fasting serum glucose (5.2 mmol/L vs. 5.0 mmol/L, p=0.04), serum triglyceride (0.91 mmol/L vs. 0.66 mmol/L, p=0.001), and serum cholesterol (4.78 mmol/L vs. 4.32 mmol/L, p=0.004) and a higher waist-to-hip ratio (0.81 vs. 0.77, p=0.001) than women who lactated for 10 months or more per child. The inverse association between average length of lactation per child and waist-to-hip ratio persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. These results support the hypothesis that duration of lactation may be associated with a healthier metabolic profile and healthier anthropometric measurements, especially lipid levels and waist-to-hip ratio, even years after weaning.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4857

  File(s) in this item: 1

  article.pdf   (386.5Kb)
• Er det sammenheng mellom høy KMI og smerter hos pasienter med ryggprolaps? En tverrsnittstudie fra Nasjonalt Register for Ryggkirurgi f.o.m. 2007 t.o.m. 2010

  Horn, Astrid (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 21-Dec-2012)

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  Abstract:

  Bakgrunn: De siste 30 årene har overvekt og fedme økt jevnt i den norske befolkning. Sykdommer som har økt proporsjonalt med denne utviklingen, er type 2 diabetes, hjerte- og karsykdommer og visse typer kreft samt muskel og skjelettlidelser, også rygglidelser. Både nasjonal og internasjonal forskninger har funnet sammenheng mellom høy KMI (kroppsmasseindeks) og ryggsmerter. Dette fenomenet studeres nærmere i min oppgave. Materiale og metode: Datamaterialet er hentet fra Nasjonalt Register for Ryggkirurgi i Tromsø. Tverrsnittstudien er basert på 3597 personer (fra hele landet) fordelt på 2095 menn (58,2 %) og 1502 kvinner (41,8 %) av til sammen 9252 ryggopererte personer registrert i tidsperioden f.o.m. 2007 t.o.m. 2020. Utvalgskriterium: voksne, eldre enn 17 år, med diagnosen ryggprolaps, nivå L4/L5, 4. mellomvirvelskive, operert for første gang. Konklusjon: KMI predikerte best smerteintensitetsmåling med numerisk skala 0 til 10 for rygg, ikke bein, både blant menn og kvinner sammenlignet med de 2 andre måleinstrumentene; beskrivelse av helsetilstand EQ-5D og selvevaluert helse/VAS100. Det var statistisk signifikant økning i smerteintensitet mellom KMI strata hos kvinner med signifikant lineær trend.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4842

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (1.329Mb)
• Contribution of risk factors to socioeconomic variation in blood pressure : the Tromsø study

  Asfaw, Sintayehu (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 03-Dec-2012)

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  Abstract Objectives: Examine the degree to which BMI, heart rate, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking and social participation may account for the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with main focus on measured SBP continuous variable. Design: Cross-sectional study with data from the Tromsø study 6. Setting: Tromsø Participant: The sample included 6095 women and 5419 men, aged 30 – 87 at screening. Results: High SBP was more prevalent for women and men with the lowest education compared with women and men with the highest education. After adjustment for heart rate the differences in SBP between the highest and the lowest educated groups reduced from 5.86 mmHg (95% confidence interval 4.32 to 7.40) to 5.61 mmHg (4.07 to 7.16) for women, and for men from 2.48 mmHg (0.92 to 4.04) to 1.96 mmHg (0.39 to 3.52) with further adjustment for BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking and social participation the variation in SBP decreased to 5.39 mmHg (3.78 to 6.99) for women and to 1.60 mmHg (– 0.04 to 3.25) for men. Conclusions: High SBP is more predominant among the lowest educated compared with the highest educated women and men. When all documented risk factors were adjusted simultaneously in the models, the differences in SBP turned into nonsignificance in men and 8% of the variation in SBP was explained in women according to levels of education.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4819

  File(s) in this item: 1

  thesis.pdf   (1.002Mb)

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