Browsing Institutt for psykologi by Title
DSpace/Manakin Repository
- Home
- Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet
- Institutt for psykologi
- Browsing Institutt for psykologi by Title
Browsing Institutt for psykologi by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 90
Next Page-
Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2007)[+][-]
-
Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Preprint; Manuskript, Oct-2003)[+][-]
-
Fossmo, Toril (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Nov-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: The present study tested whether there were any differences between athletes varying in age, or practising different sports at different levels, on the variables motivation, flow, self-esteem and personality. Of the 145 athletes that participated in the study, there were 85 males and 59 females (one missing) ranging from 18 to 40 years of age (M = 21.34, SD = 3.89). The athletes were grouped as team sport athletes (n = 74) and individual sport athletes (n = 71) in order to determine if the groups differed on any of the variables. Some of the athletes (n = 93) were also grouped as elite athletes. Team sport athletes were shown to have higher scores on the personality trait conscientiousness than individual sport athletes. The group of elite athletes showed a positive correlation with identified regulation and the dimension challenge-skill balance of the flow scale. The results also revealed that age was the best predictor of self-competence, behavioural regulation, and the challenge-skill balance. It seems likely that these results can be generalized to other groups of athletes, and that age might be an important predictor in general. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/603 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (234.8Kb) -
Eliassen, Siri (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Denne studien undersøkte effekt av Aggression Replacement Training (ART) på om lag 70 barn og unge i Norge, samt viktigheten av motivasjonelle faktorer underveis i intervensjonen. Studien fokuserte på to mål: Effektdata basert på Sosial Skills Rating System (SSRS), der lærere og foreldre vurderte problematferd og sosial kompetanse før og etter ART-intervensjonen, og motivasjonsdata basert på et spørreskjema utviklet spesielt for implementering av ART i Norge. Barna svarte her på spørsmål om rekruttering, informasjon, funksjon, samt vurderte viktigheten av ulike elementer i ART. Effektmålene viste positive endringer i problematferd og sosial kompetanse. Motivasjonsdata viste at deltakerne vurderte funksjon av intervensjon som viktigst, og at barn og ungdom vurderte noen faktorer ulikt: barna skåret emosjonelt klima høyt, mens ungdommene vurderte elementer som ros og tilbakemeldinger som viktigst. Resultatene viste også at rekruttering påvirket deltakernes vurderinger ved at de som bestemte deltakelse selv og de som ble rekruttert av lærere vurderte de fleste faktorer som viktigere enn de som ble rekruttert av foreldre. Resultatene fra denne undersøkelsen indikerer viktigheten av å studere hva som ligger bak en dokumentert effekt i en atferdsintervensjon, og at brukernes erfaringer er sentralt. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4380 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (952.0Kb) -
Heskestad, Ben Ottar; Waterloo, Knut; Ingebrigtsen, Tor; Romner, Bertil; Harr, Marianne Efskind; Helseth, Eirik (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The Scandinavian guidelines for management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries were developed to provide safe and cost effective assessment of head injured patients. In a previous study conducted one year after publication and implementation of the guidelines (2003), we showed low compliance, involving over-triage with computed tomography (CT) and hospital admissions. The aim of the present study was to investigate guideline compliance after an educational intervention. We evaluated guideline compliance in the management of head injured patients referred to the University Hospital of Stavanger, Norway. The findings from the previous study in 2003 were communicated to the hospitals physicians, and a feed-back loop training program for guideline implementation was conducted. All patients managed during the months January through June in the years 2005, 2007 and 2009 were then identified with an electronic search in the hospitals patient administrative database, and the patient files were reviewed. Patients were classified according to the Head Injury Severity Scale, and the management was classified as compliant or not with the guideline. The 1 180 patients were 759 (64%) males and 421 (36%) females with a mean age of 31.5 (range 0-97) years. Over all, 738 (63%) patients were managed in accordance with the guidelines and 442 (37%) were not. Compliance was not significantly different between minimal (56%) and mild (59%) injuries, while most moderate (93%) injuries were managed in accordance with the guidelines (p < 0.05). Noncompliance was caused by overtriage in 362 cases (30%) and undertriage in 80 (7%). Guideline compliance was 54% in 2005, 71% in 2007, and 64% in 2009. This study shows higher guideline compliance after an educational intervention involving feed-back on performance. A substantial number of patients are exposed to over-triage, involving unnecessary radiation from CT examinations, and unnecessary costs from hospital admissions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4441 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (676.1Kb) -
Porzsolt, Franz; Eisemann, Martin; Kojer, Marina; Schmidl, Martina; Greimel, Elfriede R.; Sigle, Jörg; Richter, Joerg (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 19-Feb-2004)[+][-]
Abstract: Background: In patients with very severe dementia self-rating of quality of life usually is not possible and appropriate instruments for proxy-ratings are not available. The aim of this project is to develop an instrument of clinical proxy-ratings for this population. Methods: Using electronic instruments, physicians and nurses recorded patient behaviour and changes of behaviour over a period of one year. Based on these data a list of 65 items was generated and subsequently allocated to 14 categories. This list was tested in 217 patients (61–105 yrs) with dementia diagnosed according to ICD-10 by both physicians and nurses. The severity of dementia was assessed by means of the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS). The Spitzer-Index (proxy-rating) was used as a global quality of life measure. Activity of daily living was rated using the Barthel Index. Results: A factor analysis of the original 65 items revealed 5 factors (communication, negative affect, bodily contact, aggression, and mobility). By stepwise removing items we obtained satisfactory internal consistencies of the factors both for nurses' and physicians' ratings. The factors were generally unrelated. The validity of the instrument was proven by correlations of the factors communication and mobility with the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) and the Barthel-Index. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Vienna List as a proxy rating measurement of quality of life in patients with severe dementia. The psychometric properties of the scale have to be proved in further studies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1135 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (229.0Kb) -
Sabelus, Saskia; Siebler, Frank; Bohner, Gerd (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)[+][-]
Abstract: A refined computer paradigm for assessing sexual harassment is presented, validated, and used for testing substantive hypotheses. Male participants were given an opportunity to send sexist jokes to a computer-simulated female chat partner. In Study 1 (N = 44), the harassment measure (number of sexist jokes sent) correlated positively with self-reported harassment proclivity. Study 2 (N = 77) included a more elaborate cover story, variations of the female target’s attitude (feminist vs. traditional) and physical attractiveness (low vs. high), and additional measures for construct validation. Results showed that harassment correlated positively with self-reported harassment proclivity, hostile sexism, and male identity. Feminist targets were harassed more than traditional targets, whereas target attractiveness had no effect. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. Description: This is the final author version, post refereeing, of the article. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2022 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (266.3Kb) -
Vik, Heidi Haukebøe; Heggelund, Kjetil (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 03-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: Background: To test whether the effects of a shortened version of the Basic Incredible Years program, aimed at preventing child behavior problems, were sustained 4 years after the initial intervention. Method: Data were obtained from parents in a randomized controlled trial for children aged 6 to 12 (N = 117). Results: Significant increases on positive parenting and parents’ sense of competence, and significant decreases of harsh parenting were observed. No significant difference between groups on child behavior problems as measured by ECBI Intensity scores were detected. Conclusion: This shortened version of the Incredible Years program appear efficient at sustaining changes on positive parenting, harsh discipline and parents sense of efficacy over a 4 year period. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4218 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (288.5Kb) -
Romanova, Evguenia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 31-Oct-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Self-report scales designed to measure attitudes toward both Russia and Norway, attitude between Norway and Russia, the degree of perceptual fit into each of the cultures, cultural distance and satisfaction with life, were completed by Russian-speaking immigrants. The main purpose of the study was to explore Heider’s social balance theory in acculturation research. It was predicted that balance is positively associated with satisfaction with life, while imbalance is negatively associated with satisfaction with life. The hypothesis was only supported by two cases. The only constructs which correlated significantly with SWLS, were the full balance of the attitude triad (+ + +) and imbalance total triad (+ + -). The secondary purpose of the study was to test Berry’s four-fold theory. The results showed that in terms of satisfaction with life, integration and assimilation were indistinguishable in having low positive correlations with adaptation, but were both more positive than separation and marginalisation, which were equally indistinguishable in having low negative correlations with adaptation. In other words, this study found the pattern of I = A > S = M, instead of the predicted I > A = S > M. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1753 File(s) in this item: 1
Thesis.pdf (756.9Kb) -
Holme, Hilde; Isachsen, Linn B. Brattli; Jarnæs, Nina C. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Nov-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: De nye saksbehandlingsreglene i barnefordelingssaker trådte i kraft 01.04.04. I den forbindelse var hovedformålet å styrke barns rettssikkerhet, blant annet ved at barnets beste skal være avgjørende både for saksbehandlingsprosessen og resultatet i den enkelte sak. Undersøkelsen er basert på erfarne dommere, advokater og sakkyndige sine erfaringer fra praksis. Hensikten var å evaluere hvorvidt de nye saksbehandlingsreglene har virket etter intensjonene, og om saksbehandlingspraksis er i tråd med intensjonene bak de nye saksbehandlingsreglene. I den forbindelse er det anvendt både kvantitativ og kvalitativ metode i form av selvrapporteringsskjema, samt semi-strukturerte kvalitative intervju. Undersøkelsen avdekket at praksis mellom dommere og tingretter er forskjellig på viktige punkt som for eksempel oppnevnelse av sakkyndige, utformingen av sakkyndiges mandat, og om muligheten til å prøve ut midlertidige avtaler benyttes. Slik ordningen fungerer i dag tyder det på at balansen mellom at en stor del av ansvaret er lagt på den individuelle dommeren på den ene siden, i forhold til dommerens fagkompetanse på den andre siden, kan forbedres. Undersøkelsen kan imidlertid ikke gi entydige svar på hovedproblemstillingene, men har avdekket viktige problemstillinger som må avklares nærmere i senere undersøkelser. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1758 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (5.163Mb) -
Aspenes, Sissel (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 01-Nov-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Forskningsresultater tyder på at rundt 20-25 % av skilsmissebarn risikerer å oppleve langsiktige problemer på psykologiske, atferdsmessige og sosiale områder. Målet her har vært å avklare relevansen for å nyansere skilsmissen i seg selv som årsak til denne risikoen, da gjennom å presentere relevant teori og empiri i forhold til andre mulige forklaringer. Det konkluderes med at skilsmissen som enkeltfaktor er for snever til å kunne forklare variasjonen i de problemene barn risikerer etter foreldrenes brudd. Derimot vil en rekke faktorer som kan ha vært tilstede både før, under og etter skilsmissen kunne gi en mer nyansert beskrivelse på barnas risiko. Her er følgende faktorer diskutert: a) Nedsatt evne hos foreldre til å gi emosjonell støtte og kontroll, b) Tap av kontakt med den ene forelder, c)Konfliktnivå mellom foreldre, d) Økonomiske begrensninger og e) Andre stressende skilsmisserelaterte hendelser. Alle bidrar i forskjellig grad, og spesielt er konfliktnivå utslagsgivende. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2362 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (317.1Kb) -
Sivertsen, Hilde Buvik (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, Nov-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: Det er forsket lite på barn i asylmottak og deres psykiske helse. Derimot er det gjort en del studier på flyktningbarn og barn som har vokst opp under andre belastende vilkår. Mange av de faktorene som er avgjørende for at barn klarer seg, er forhold utenfor barnet. Denne studien ønsket å finne ut hvilke spesielle faktorer i hverdagen på asylmottak, som kunne ha betydning for barns psykisk helse. Studien er kvalitativ og bygger på 11 fokusgruppeintervjuer med mottaksarbeidere, helse- og skolepersonell tilknyttet alle asylmottak i Nord-Norge. Intervjuene ble transkribert og lagt inn i Nudist Vivo QSR, et software program for behandling av kvalitativt datamateriale. Data er bearbeidet i tråd med prinsippene i Grounded theory utviklet av Glaser og Strauss (1967). Studien viste at tid i mottak, og foreldrenes situasjon var mest belastende for barna, slik informantene vurderer det. Skolegang, fritidstilbud og økonomisk kompensasjon for familienes dårlige økonomi, mente informantene kompenserte for flere av belastningene i mottakstilværelsen. Videre fokuserte studien på hjelpernes utfordringer i arbeidet. Organisering av mottaksdriften, tilgang på kompetanse og ressurser, taushetsplikt og kulturelle ulikheter ble nevnt som utfordringer i arbeidet med å gi effektiv hjelp. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1352 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (509.6Kb) -
Eriksen, Geir Steinar; Nygren, Ivan; Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Survey of workplace bullying in a Norwegian hospital found that 10% of nurses, therapists, and physicians (N=440) had witnessed bullying. Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) scores were low, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) scores were positive, and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) scores were neutral. NAQ scores and having witnessed bullying both predicted low MSQ scores, low over-all job satisfaction, and low OCQ scores. By psychometric triage, some of the NAQ’s 22 negative acts can be identified for priority administrative intervention based on a) the degree to which NAQ items predict decreased satisfaction and decreased commitment, b) the prevalence rates of particular negative acts, and c) efficiency of intervention. Psychometric triage recommended intervention first on the problem of “necessary information withheld”, which had an 18% prevalence rate and predicted lower MSQ and OCQ scores. The second priority should be on “pressure to give up entitlements”, which had prevalence of 2% but also predicted lower MSQ and OCQ scores. The third and fourth priorities should focus on “tasks below level of competence” (reported by 51%) and on “unmanageable workload” (reported by 28%), neither of which predicted MSQ or OCQ scores. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3804 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (183.2Kb) -
Friborg, Oddgeir; Martinussen, Monica; Kaiser, Sabine; Øvergård, Karl-Tore; Rosenvinge, Jan H (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Background. A comprehensive meta-analysis to identify the proportions of comorbid personality disorders (PD) across the major subtypes of anxiety disorders (AD) has not previously been published. Methods. A literature search identified 125 empirical papers from the period 1980-2010 on patients with panic disorders, social phobia, generalised anxiety, obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several moderators were coded. Results. The rate of any comorbid PD was high across all ADs, ranging from .35 for PTSD to .52 for OCD. Cluster C PDs occurred more than twice as often as cluster A or B PDs. Within cluster C the avoidant PD occurred most frequently, followed by the obsessive-compulsive and the dependent PD. PTSD showed the most heterogeneous clinical picture and social phobia was highly comorbid with avoidant PD. A range of moderators were examined, but most were non-significant or of small effects, except an early age of onset, which in social phobia increased the risk of an avoidant PD considerably. Gender or duration of an AD was not related to variation in PD comorbidity. Limitations. Blind rating of diagnoses was recorded from the papers as an indication of diagnostic validity. However, as too few studies reported it the validity of the comorbid estimates of PD was less strong. Conclusions. The findings provided support to several of the proposed changes in the forthcoming DSM-5. Further comorbidity studies are needed in view of the substantial changes in how PDs will be diagnosed in the DSM-5. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4559 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (273.4Kb) -
Rosenvinge, Jan H.; Vrabel, KariAnne R.; Hoffart, Asle; Rø, Øyvind; Martinsen, Egil W. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 16-Dec-2009)[+][-]
Abstract: Few consistent predictive factors for eating disorder have been identified across studies. In the current five year prospective study, the objective was to examine whether (1) personality disorder and child sexual abuse predict the course of severity of eating disorder symptoms after inpatient treatment and (2) how the predictors interact. A total of 74 patients with long standing eating disorder and mean age of 30 years were assessed at the beginning and end of inpatient therapy and at one-, two- and five-year follow-up. Mixed model was used to examine the predictors. Avoidant personality disorder and child sexual abuse interacted in predicting high levels of eating disorder over a long-term course. These results suggest that eating disorder, avoidant personality disorder and sequelae after child sexual abuse are potential targets for treatment that need further investigation. Description: This is the accepted manuscript version. Reprinted with permission. Published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019857
The paper is part of KariAnne Vrabel's doktoral thesis, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2699URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2723 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (118.5Kb) -
Rudmin, Floyd Webster (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2006)[+][-]
Abstract: The acculturation paradigm of measuring assimilation, separation, integration and marginalization confuses dimensional and categorical conceptions of its constructs, fails to produce ipsative data from mutually exclusive scales, misoperationalizes marginalization as distress, mismeasures biculturalism using double-barreled questions instead of computing it from unicultural measures, and then tends to misinterpret and miscite this faulty science. Extensive published but widely uncited data cast doubt on claims that integration is preferred by minority groups or is beneficial for them. Such salient but unseen problems suggest that the community of acculturation researchers is biased and blinded by an ideology, probably the commendable ideology of liberalism, which advocates freedom of choice, tolerance, plurality, and redress of harm. Phenomenological observations that challenge the paradigm include the absence of studies of majority group acculturation, the well-replicated fact that minorities never prefer pure uniculturalism, the indistinctiveness of cultures, and the predominance of researchers, theory and data from similar Anglo-Saxon settler societies (USA, Australia, Canada). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1996 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (801.1Kb) -
Skorven, Caroline Spant; Mikalsen, Guro (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 03-May-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: A reliability study of the Norwegian translation of the Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses (DIP) was conducted, with a focus on its usefulness when diagnosing bipolar disorder. Emphasis is given to the severity and importance of correct diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The DIP is a semi-structured interview that aims to assess low prevalent psychiatric disorders. It is based on the Operational Criteria for Psychoses (OPCRIT), and generates diagnoses according to several diagnostic systems. The respondents included in the study were inpatients at the psychiatric hospitals in Tromsø and Bodø. Twenty-seven respondents were independently assessed by two raters, one of whom conducted the interview, while the other scored from observation. Fourteen of them were re-interviewed later by a third independent rater. Inter-rater reliability was generally high, with good to excellent agreement on the majority of items. Agreement on broad diagnostic categories was also high. Test-retest reliability for both individual items and broad diagnostic categories ranged from moderate to excellent. The findings are consistent with the results of previous studies of the reliability of DIP. The results reported here are based on preliminary data from a lager research project, and should be viewed with some caution. The findings and their possible implications are discussed in relation to bipolar disorder and the conceptualisation of this, and other, severe mental disorders. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2842 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (464.3Kb) -
Pedersen, Fredrik (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 04-Dec-2004)[+][-]
Abstract: The current paper starts with a presentation of the metatheoretical landscape of current psychology. Jan Smedslund's psychologic is presented as a post-modern, or constructionalist, approach to psychology as a science. The key elements of psychologic are presented and explained. The system is then applied to two randomly chosen psychological articles: 1) a study of the predictive value of phonemic awareness in kindergarten children for later reading success; 2) an investigation of how autonomous motives influence physical activity intentions within the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Both of these articles were found to benefit from the application of psychologic. Further, the critics of Smedslund are surveyed, and those that pertain to this paper's analyses are examined in detail. It is concluded that the system of psychologic provides conceptual clarity and logical structure. The price for this conceptual clarity is the loss of flexibility that accompanies the rigid definitions in psychologic. It is argued that the application of psychologic can serve as a useful tool for explicating hypotheses and uncovering necessary relationships in empirical studies, but that it does not constitute a substitute for empirical research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/150 File(s) in this item: 1
thesis.pdf (280.2Kb) -
Holte, Arne; Dale, Karl Yngvar; Flaten, Magne Arve; Elden, Åke (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)[+][-]
-
Vangberg, Hans Christian Bones; Lillevoll, Kjersti; Waterloo, Knut; Eisemann, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Focus upon depression and prevention of its occurrence among adolescents is increasing. Novel ways of dealing with this serious problem have become available especially by means of internet-based prevention and treatment programs of depression and anxiety. The use of Internet-based intervention programs among adolescents has revealed some difficulties in implementation that need to be further elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between personality and adolescent depression and the characteristics of users of an Internet-based intervention program. Method. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) have been administered to a sample (n= 1234) of Norwegian senior high-school students. Results. Multiple regression analysis revealed associations between depression and gender, and several JTCI domains and facets. In line with previous findings in adults, high Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness emerged as the strongest predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms. Further, in logistic regression analysis with the covariates JTCI, GSE and CES-D, the only significant variables predicting use/non-use were the CES-D and the temperament domain Reward Dependence. Conclusion. The results in this study revealed level of depressive symptoms as the strongest predictor of the use of the Internet based intervention and that personality might provide useful information about the users. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4612 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (554.4Kb)
Now showing items 1-20 of 90
Next PageSearch Munin
Browse
-
All of Munin
-
This Community
Help
Munin is powered by DSpace 1.8.2
The University Library of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø
Tel: +47 77 64 40 00, E-mail: munin@ub.uit.no