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Enhetens samlinger

• 5. års oppgave (profesjonsstudiet medisin) [439]
• Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak) [145]
• Master's theses in telemedicine and e-health [34]
• Prosjektoppgave forskerlinja i medisin [2]

Nye registreringer

• Age-related macular degeneration: Prevalence and risk factors - a cross-sectional study : The Tromsø Study 2007/2008

  Erke, Maja Gran (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 30-mai-2013)

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  Sammendrag:	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The number of people affected by the disease is expected to rise due to increasing longevity. Development of adequate eye care for these patients should be based on knowledge about the prevalence of AMD. Further, preventive measures are the best strategy for any disease. The aims of this thesis were to estimate the prevalence of AMD and examine risk factors associated with AMD. We described prevalence rates of AMD among Caucasian elderly participants from the Tromsø Eye Study, a population-based study in Norway. The overall prevalence of late AMD was 3.5 % among the participants aged 65-87 years old. Neovascular AMD outnumbered geographic atrophy. Symmetry between eyes was relatively low. Prevalence increased strongly with age. No significant sex differences in prevalence rates of AMD were observed. Refractive error was lower in eyes with late AMD than in eyes without late AMD. We then analysed relationships between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and AMD. Daily smoking was a strong predictor for the presence of late AMD. We found a significant interaction between age and sex for late AMD, suggesting that age may be a stronger risk factor for late AMD in women than in men. Higher systolic blood pressure, higher pulse pressure, infrequent physical exercise and overweight or obesity were in adjusted analyses associated with late AMD in females, but this was not observed in men. Based on our observation of sex and AMD, we studied associations between female hormone related factors and AMD. We found a significant inverse relationship between duration of lactation and late AMD. No significant relationships were found between late AMD and exogenous oestrogen exposure in the form of contraceptives or hormone therapy. Nor did we find an association between late AMD and onset, end or length of fertile years, bilateral oophorectomy or parity as surrogate measures.
  Beskrivelse:	The papers of this thesis are not available in Munin: 1. Bertelsen G, Erke MG, von Hanno T, Mathiesen EB, Peto T, Sjølie AK and Njølstad I.: 'The Tromsø Eye Study: study design, methodology and results on visual acuity and refractive errors', Acta Ophthalmologica (2012), Online before print. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02511.x 2. Erke MG, Bertelsen G, Peto T, Sjølie AK, Lindekleiv H and Njølstad I.: 'Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Elderly Caucasians: The Tromsø Eye Study', Ophthalmology (2012), vol.119(9):1737–1743. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.016 3. Erke MG, Bertelsen G, Peto T, Sjølie AK, Lindekleiv H and Njølstad I.: 'Cardiovascular risk factors associated with agerelated macular degeneration: The Tromsø Study' (manuscript) 4. Erke MG, Bertelsen G, Peto T, Sjølie AK, Lindekleiv H and Njølstad I.: 'Lactation, female hormones and age-related macular degeneration: The Tromsø Study' (manuscript)
  URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5155

  Tilhørende fil(er): 1

  thesis.pdf   (942.4Kb)
• Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on experimentally induced heat pain in healthy volunteers

  Vasylenko, Olena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 02-mai-2012)

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  Sammendrag:

  Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that can reduce pain. Its side effects are milder than those of pharmacological treatments, and its analgesic effect on chronic pain has been demonstrated. In this study we investigated 1) the effects of anodal tDCS on pain intensity and threshold, 2) the placebo component of tDCS analgesic effect, and 3) whether stress and negative affect moderate the analgesic effect of tDCS. Sixty-four participants (32 females) received three blocks of heat stimuli, 43° C, 45° C, and 47° C in each block. The treatment group received anodal tDCS of 2 mA intensity for 7 minutes, the placebo group received sham stimulation for 30 seconds, and the natural history group received painful stimuli only. Participants rated pain intensity with CoVAS. Threshold was measured before the first and after the last block. Subjective stress was measured by two SACL items, and negative affect was measured by FPQ, PANAS, and BFI questionnaires. Compared to no treatment, tDCS reduced pain by 28%, for 47° C stimuli only. Compared to sham stimulation, tDCS reduced pain by 11%, but this reduction was only marginally significant. There was no placebo response, and no effect of tDCS on pain threshold. Fear of medical pain predicted pain reduction by tDCS, higher fear of medical pain was associated with larger pain reduction. Our findings confirm and extend those of earlier experimental and clinical studies.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5152

  Tilhørende fil(er): 1

  thesis.pdf   (1.423Mb)
• Seksuelle script i norske swingers-miljøer. En kvalitativ intervjustudie.

  Bentzen, Anne Sofie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 27-apr-2012)

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  Sammendrag:

  Formålet med denne studien var fra en fenomenologisk tilnærming å utforske swinging i en norsk kontekst, med fokus på hvilke seksuelle script som gjelder i swinging på ulike sosiale arenaer. Kvalitative intervjuer med seks menn og seks kvinner ble gjennomført. Av informantene var det fem par, en gift mann og en singel kvinne, rekruttert fra internettgrupper for swingere. En semi-strukturert intervjuguide ble brukt. Informantens opplevelse av fenomenet swinging ble vektlagt, med en bakenforliggende forståelse i tråd med Schutz teori om multiple virkeligheter. Sjalusi ble ikke rapportert som et vanlig problem. Mulighet til å utforske egen seksualitet, se sin partner ha sex med andre, samt styrket selvbilde, ble rapportert som positive følger. Negative holdninger til mannlig biseksualitet, frykt for seksuelt overførbare infeksjoner og nødvendighet av hemmelighold, ble rapportert som problematiske følger av livsstilen. Det valide seksuelle scriptet i swingerskulturen var tydelig beskrevet innenfor rammene av swingers-klubbene, og fysiske tilnærmelser hadde hovedrollen i de interpersonlige script. På private arenaer lånte swingers-scriptet elementer fra tilgjengelige script utenfor denne subkulturen, som venne- og kjærestescript i varierende grad. Informantene opplevde at deres fantasier og etablerte intrapsykiske script fikk utløp i atferd på swingers-arenaen. De mente at swinging hadde positiv effekt både for dem personlig, og for deres parforhold. De negative effektene som ble rapportert hadde liten effekt på opplevd livskvalitet.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5150

  Tilhørende fil(er): 2

  1_thesis.pdf   (110.8Kb)

  thesis.pdf   (734.5Kb)
• Partial characterization of predicted ABCC5 inhibitors by the aid of human erythrocyte inside-out vesicles

  Ørvoll, Elin (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 24-jun-2011)

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  Sammendrag:

  ABCC5 is a member of the superfamily of ABC-transporters, and it has been identified as an efflux transporter of cGMP. This transporter is also involved in export of antibiotic and cytostatic drugs from target cells, and as such represents a challenge in treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. In order to find inhibitors to ABCC5 mediated drug efflux, compounds predicted as potent inhibitors by virtual ligand screening (VLS) were chosen for in-vitro studies by the use of human erythrocyte inside-out vesicles (IOV). The procedure for IOV preparation was improved, and transport assays were performed where the inhibiting effects of the various compounds on transport of cGMP into inside-out vesicles were measured. Several of these compounds showed a potent inhibiting effect on cGMP transport, and the few that were chosen for further characterization showed more potent inhibition of ABCC5 than the known ABCC5 and PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5137

  Tilhørende fil(er): 1

  thesis.pdf   (2.443Mb)
• HPV mRNA testing in triage of women with ASC-US cytology may reduce the time for CIN2+ diagnosis compared with repeat cytology.

  Sørbye, Sveinung Wergeland; Fismen, Silje; Gutteberg, Tore Jarl; Mortensen, Elin Synnøve; Skjeldestad, Finn Egil (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)

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  Sammendrag:

  Background: In delayed HPV triage women with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US) cytology are retested after 6-12 months in order to decide whether they should be referred for colposcopy, further follow-up cytology or routine screening in three years. Triage using a specific HPV E6/E7 mRNA test may reduce referrals for colposcopy of women with ASC-US cytology compared to HPV DNA testing. We explored whether HPV mRNA triaging could reduce the time from ASC-US index cytology to biopsy compared with repeat cytology, and whether the positive predictive value (PPV) of the HPV mRNA test for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) was comparable with the PPV of repeat cytology. Material and methods: We used repeat cytology and the HPV mRNA test PreTect HPV-Proofer, which detects E6/E7 mRNA from HPV subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45, in the triage of women with ASC-US. We included all women from the two northernmost counties of Norway with a first ASC-US cytology during the period 2004-2008. Two triage methods were evaluated 1) only repeat cytology (n=964) and 2) both HPV mRNA testing and cytology (n=542). Histologically confirmed CIN2+ was the study endpoint. Results: Among 1506 women with an ASC-US index cytology, 59 women (3.9%) had biopsy taken, of whom 49 women had CIN2+ (PPV 83.1%). The mean time from index ASC-US cytology until the case was resolved (biopsy or return to screening) was 10.6 months in the repeat cytology group and 7.3 months in the HPV group (P<0.001). Of the 964 women in the group with repeat cytology only, 35 women (3.6%) had biopsy and 30 had CIN2+ (PPV 85.7%). Of the 542 women in the group with both HPV test and cytology, 24 women (4.4%) had biopsy and 19 had CIN2+ (PPV 79.2%). Conclusion: In triage of women with ASC-US, the HPV mRNA test significantly reduced the time from the first abnormal cytology until biopsy and had predictive values comparable with those of repeat cytology.

  URI:

  http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5132

  Tilhørende fil(er): 1

  article.pdf   (140.8Kb)

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