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- Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (språkvitenskap) by Issue Date
Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (språkvitenskap) by Issue Date
Now showing items 1-20 of 112
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Post, Margje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2001)[+][-]
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Post, Margje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2001)[+][-]
Abstract: The present article presents some preliminary results of the study of some prosodic characteristics of the dialects of Varzuga and Umba, two Northern Russian villages on the Ter Coast of the White Sea. In our recently collected recordings, we observed a number of prosodic characteristics which are assumed to be typical for Northern Russian. Firstly, vowels appear to be relatively short. Secondly, it was often rather difficult to determine the location of the stressed syllables. Thirdly, a tendency to attach a repeating prosodic pattern to each phonological word was observed. Finally, many non-question utterances ended in a rising pitch movement, although the steepness and the height of the Ter rise appear to be less extreme than in, for instance, some Pinega dialects of the Archangel’sk oblast’. Interestingly, the second and third characteristics seem to be closely related. In all but one of the cases with unclear stress patterns, the first syllable was realised with high pitch, immediately preceded and followed by low pitch. This seems to be the result of a tendency to attach a rising-falling pattern to each phonological word. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1876 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (161.5Kb) -
Post, Margje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2002)[+][-]
Abstract: The word dak is one of several highly frequent particles, used in most Northern Russian and some Siberian dialects. It can occur sentence initially, sentence internally and sentence finally to connect two parts of the discourse, such as words, sentences, and presuppositions. This article describes the advantages and shortcomings of six different perspectives which have been used to describe this unspecified, multifunctional word: descriptions in traditional grammatical terms, in syntactic terminology used for spontaneÓus speech, research on its role in information structure, its use in discourse, the role of prosody, and finally comparisons with parallel words in neighbouring and other languages. I conclude that a combination of approaches is required for a better understanding of the way dak functions. Studies in prosody combined with research on dak's role in information structure appear to be most fruitful, and modern theories of discourse structure, which are almost completely ignored at present, could be helpful. Much research remains to be done, especially to clarify the restrictions on the use of the word dak and the way it functions in less obvious contexts. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1874 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (345.5Kb) -
Post, Margje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2002)[+][-]
Abstract: The word dak is one of several highly frequent particles, used in most Northern Russian and some Siberian dialects. It can occur sentence initially, sentence internally and sentence finally to connect two parts of the discourse, such as words, sentences, and presuppositions. This article describes the advantages and shortcomings of six different perspectives which have been used to describe this unspecified, multifunctional word: descriptions in traditional grammatical terms, in syntactic terminology used for spontaneîus speech, research on its role in information structure, its use in discourse, the role of prosody, and finally comparisons with parallel words in neighbouring and other languages. I conclude that a combination of approaches is required for a better understanding of the way dak functions. Studies in prosody combined with research on dak's role in information structure appear to be most fruitful, and modern theories of discourse structure, which are almost completely ignored at present, could be helpful. Much research remains to be done, especially to clarify the restrictions on the use of the word dak and the way it functions in less obvious contexts. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/538 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (345.5Kb) -
Komarova, Olga (Journal article, 2002)[+][-]
Abstract: Parallel to radical changes in Russian society in the last decades of the 20th century are transformations in literary methods and genres. There is a widespread notion that new tendences in this sphere were born as a reaction to the uniformistic, boring Sovjet literature of the previous period. Valerija Narbikova was one of the new names which manifested the arrival of postmodernist literature (1989), with its neglect of social and political realities and concentration on the egocentric inner life of an individual and, unusually for Russian literature of the time, its acceptance of sex as the most important part of life, an expression of the desperate need for love and understanding and helplessness in the attempt to discover the meaning of human existence. Narbikova's prose is interesting not for its philosophy, which is intentionally very simple, but for its inventive use of language, for its intertextuality and vitality. Narbikova became almost a cult figure in the 1990s. Her latest novel was published in 1996, and since then she has been silent. Russian society has changed, the reader has become mature, and one may ask oneself in what directions this type of prose might possibly develop. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/540 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (307.7Kb) -
Pineda, David (Journal article, 2002)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper attempts to give an overview of the different case endings found in the Instrumental Plural in the Northern Russian dialect of Varzuga on the Kola Peninsula, and looks at the situation in the neighbouring Russian dialects of Carelia and the Archangel district. Along with the Literary Russian ending [m'i], Varzuga uses the endings [my] (in nouns) and [ma] (in nouns, adjectives and pronouns). While [my] dominates in noun declension, [ma] is dominant in adjectives, and in possessive and demonstrative pronouns. These facts link the Varzuga dialect to Carelia, whereas Northern Archangel dialects do not use [my] at all, and reserve [ma] for adjectival and pronominal declension only. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/537 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (265.0Kb) -
Lönngren, Lennart (Journal article, 2002)[+][-]
Abstract: The seemingly simple relations between these two categories turn out to be quite complex in the framework of a dependency grammar in which all kinds of segmental linguistic signs are involved: not only free, explicit words but also morphologically incorporated lexemes and implicit lexemes. To the set of traditional cases are added CAS (general case), AGR (agreement case), PRP (prepositional phrase), CJP (conjunction phrase), and NOC ("no case", not marked for case). The part of speech category is enriched by the introduction of two subword labels, AFF (derivational affixes) and FLEX (desinencies). The possible combinations of the "part of speech" and "case" labels are investigated separately for each type of lexeme. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/536 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (259.4Kb) -
Nesset, Tore (Journal article, 2002)[+][-]
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Lönngren, Tamara (Journal article, 2002)[+][-]
Abstract: This article deals with the holiday calendar in contemporary Russia. Up to now, it has been customary among Russian ethnologists to speak of three periods of formation and radical transformation of the Russian calendar: a) during the introduction of Christendom, b) during the rule of Peter the Great, and c) in the years following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. It is now appropriate to add one more period of intense change: the present, post-Soviet era. An attempt is made to provide a classification of the numerous Russian holidays. The article also presents the results of an interview with a group of Moscovians; the interview was carried out in order to elucidate their attitudes to certain holidays. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/541 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (302.5Kb) -
Westergaard, Marit (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: This article reports on a study of three children acquiring a dialect of Norwegian which allows two different word orders in certain types of WH-questions, verb second (V2) and and verb third (V3). The latter is only allowed after monosyllabic WH-words, while the former, which is the result of verb movement, is the word order found in all other main clauses in the language. It is shown that both V2 and V3 are acquired extremely early by the children in the study (before the age of two), and that subtle distinctions between the two orders with respect to information structure are attested from the beginning. However, it is argued that V3 word order, which should be ìsimplerî than the V2 structure as it does not involve verb movement, is nevertheless acquired slightly later in its full syntactic form. This is taken as an indication that the V3 structure is syntactically more complex, and possibly also more marked. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 - Acquisition URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/260 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (82.68Kb) -
Westergaard, Marit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: While standard Norwegian is a V2 language, some Norwegian dialects exhibit V3 in certain types of wh-questions. In some previous work on the Tromsø dialect, V3 has been considered the ‘true’ dialect and speakers' acceptance of V2 simply a result of the influence from the standard language. Based on child and adult data from a study of the acquisition of word order in the Tromsø dialect, I will argue that both V2 and V3 orders are part of the dialect – used by adult speakers and acquired (more or less) simultaneously by children. It will further be argued that the choice between the two depends on the information structure of the sentence, more specifically, on the interpretation of the subject as given or new information. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4836 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (253.2Kb) -
Thorbjörg Hróarsdóttir (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present diachronic changes in terms of the conditions of first language acquisition. Grammars, seen as mental organs, may change between two generations. A change is initiated when (a population of) learners converge on a grammatical system which differs in at least one parameter value from the system internalized by the speakers of the previous generation. Learnability issues then connect to both language acquisition and language change, and understanding language changes depends on understanding how children acquire their native language. Acquisition is a process in which Universal Grammar (UG) interacts with a context-specific set of Primary Linguistic Data (PLD: the linguistic input to the child-learner) and uses these PLD as the source for triggers or cues that map the innate (preexperience) knowledge to a mature grammar. If a certain phenomenon has survived through many generations, it must have been reflected clearly in the PLD. Then, if we note that it has changed, something in the language performance of the previous generation must have changed, and thereby paved the way for a new interpretation. Innovation leading to linguistic variation in the PLD and gradual changes in PLD play a central role in the explanation here: the immediate cause of a grammar change must lie in some alternation in the PLD. We will look at how the language spoken in a certain community (E-language) may gradually become different from the language that originally served as the triggering experience. These changes in the E-language also mean changes in the input available to the child-learners of the next generation and a motivation for a different parameter setting has arisen. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/255 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (49.27Kb) -
Bentzen, Kristine (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: Several people have pointed out that there seems to be a close correlation between inflectional morphology and verb movement (see e.g. Kosmeijer 1986, Holmberg & Platzack 1988). The nature of this correlation has been claimed to go in both directions. Vikner (1994, 1995) and Rohrbacher (1999) have both suggested that the verb can only move to an inflectional head if the morphology is rich enough. Bobaljik (1995), Thráinsson (1996), and Bobaljik & Thráinsson (1998), on the other hand, argue that the correlation goes in the other direction, i.e. that rich inflection is a reflection of verb movement, rather than the cause for it. A correlation between morphology and verb movement has also been suggested in first language acquisition (Santelmann 1995 on Swedish, Clahsen et al. 1996 on German, Déprez & Pierce 1993, and Meisel 1994 on French). Several of these studies indicate that children use inflectional morphology as a cue for verb movement in the acquisition process, and that they employ verb movement as soon as they acquire verbal inflection. In this paper I will present new data from a dialect of Northern Norwegian which challenge the strong correlation between verb movement and inflectional morphology in both the adult language and in the acquisition of this dialect. More specifically, this dialect appears to have optional independent V-to-I movement despite the fact that the inflectional morphology is very poor. With respect to the acquisition of this dialect, preliminary data from one subject seem to indicate that children to some extent overgeneralise this verb movement pattern into constructions where adult speakers would not allow it. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 - Acquisition URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/257 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (65.33Kb) -
Sollid, Hilde (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper explores how the process of relexification can contribute to the understanding of the genesis of the new Norwegian dialect of Sappen in Nordreisa. The dialect has emerged in the context of language shift from Finnish to Norwegian, and the dialect syntax has features that might be regarded as products of relexification. One example is declarative main clauses with the finite verb in the third position (V3). The discussion adheres to a more general discussion of approaches to language genesis, where substratist and universalist (and also superstratist) theories often are regarded as contrary to each other. I argue that different theories can contribute to the understanding of different aspects of the same question. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/258 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (47.36Kb) -
Tungseth, Mai Ellin (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper discusses two types of constructions in Norwegian where a combination of a verb of motion and a prepositional phrase are ambiguous between a reading of directed motion and a reading of located motion. Based on the differences in the syntactic behaviour of the two types of constructions with respect to a variety of tests (viz. VP constituency tests, adverbial placement, accent placement and the binding of anaphora), I argue that the two different readings have different argument structures and syntactic structures. On the directed motion reading, the PP appears low down in the verb phrase as complement to a functional head Path0, where it is interpreted as endpoint. Locative PPs, however, appear higher up in the structure as a verb phrase adjunct. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/259 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (41.85Kb) -
Julien, Marit (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: In the so-called 'double definiteness' varieties of Scandinavian (Norwegian, Swedish, and Faroese), a definite nominal phrase that contains no adjective or numeral has a suffixed article but no prenominal determiner. But if there are adjectives or numerals in a definite nominal phrase, the suffixed article co-occurs with a prenominal determiner. In my analysis, this pattern is related to the requirement that the D-projection must be visible. Because of this requirement, nP, which is the projection of the suffixed definiteness marker, moves to Spec-DP when no prenominal modifiers are present. However, when adjectives or numerals intervene between D and nP, they block nP-raising to Spec-DP. D must then be spelled out, and the result is a preposed determiner. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/262 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (65.59Kb) -
Komarova, Olga (Chapter, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: The well-known fact of great changes which have taken place in Russia in the past twenty years finds its confirmation in the drastic change of the literary tastes of the Russian readers. Literature has lost its impact on the spiritual life of a common man, and people feel free to admit that they do not read classic literature, that they do not buy serious fiction. This literature demands a certain effort of thinking, and what the public wants is entertainment and a promise of justice and happiness. These years have been the years of the triumph of mass culture, and in Russia the crime literature is best when written by female authors. Aleksandra Marinina is undoubtedly the most important of all crime authors. She combines her experience as a former police offiser with her knowledge of criminal psychology (she has received her Doctor grade in this field) and great literary ability to involve the reader in the coplexity of the plot and the personality of her heroine Anastasia Kamenskaya. Darya Dontsova is not so interested in the documentary accuracy of her stories of crimes, they are always rather exotic, but are written with an humoristic touch and love for animals, all of it is very entertaining and relaxing. Some new trends in crime fiction by women writers are the theme of patriotism and highly intellectual superagents (Marina Serova. A very special place is occupied by Boris Akunin. Some of his novels are translated into Norwegian, and the readers can judge about his mastery in literary mistification. He writes about Russia of the X1Xth century, and his appeal lies in following the tradition of classic literature in great attention to the authenticity of the historical background and the characters. Very intricate plots and very good literary style. The new genre of crime fiction experiences the period of blossoming, but would readers return to the serious literature? URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/640 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (156.3Kb) -
Svenonius, Peter (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: All Germanic languages make extensive use of verb-particle combinations (known as separable-prefix verbs in the OV languages). I show some basic differences here distinguishing the Scandinavian type from the OV West Germanic languages, with English superficially patterning with Scandinavian but actually manifesting a distinct type. Specifically, I argue that the P projection is split into p and P (in accordance with earlier work), roughly analogous to v and V in the verb phrase. In English, p is always present in PP, and enables P to assign case, if P has an internal argument (as it does in "fall in the hole"). The arguments of particle verbs are then arguments of p, external arguments of the particle (as in "throw the rock in"). OV West Germanic allows p to be missing completely, thus having a type of unaccusative particle whose inner argument must receive case from the verb (corresponding to "fall the hole in," impossible in English). Scandinavian allows p to be missing, so that there is no external argument of the particle, but provides an alternative source for case for the internal argument (giving examples corresponding to "pour in the glass"). Thus English and Scandinavian are different from OV West Germanic in lacking the unaccusative type of particle, while Scandinavian differs from OV West Germanic and English in having an alternative source of case. Description: In special issue: Proceedings of SCL 19 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/266 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (81.53Kb) -
Lönngren, Tamara (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper attempts to show that Nil Sorskii, the author of the well-known three-volume “Sobornik”, in compiling this collection of ancient Greek vitae used Greek texts as well as Slavonic translations. He compared the Slavonic texts with the Greek originals and corrected their difficult archaic language, thus turning it into the understandable simple Russian language of his own time. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/532 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (165.8Kb) -
Nesset, Tore (Journal article, 2003)[+][-]
Now showing items 1-20 of 112
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