In this master thesis, I have analyzed the development of Alice’s identity in selected adaptations of Lewis Carroll’s (1832-1898) "Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland" (1865) and compared them to the original book. I chose three adaptations, Tim Burton’s "Alice in Wonderland" (2010), the videogame inspired by this movie (2010), and the videogame "American McGee’s Alice" (2000). I have applied discourse theory, established by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, to explore how the discourses, which Alice encounters on her side of the border and in Wonderland, shape her identity. Language, discursive articulations in the form of exposition, and bodily experience are agents in shaping Alice’s discourses. I have applied border theory to understand how crossing over to and from Wonderland can be seen as entering a new set of discourses. I concluded that all of the adaptations, which I have analyzed, maintain several important elements and scenes, which are presented in the book and are important for Alice’s developing identity. Depending on the type of medium, the adaptations implement technological tools, which are used in presenting this major theme. The focus on Alice’s identity is maintained. However, the adaptations provide a modern perspective, compared to Carroll’s books, which are based on Victorian ideals
In: Roswitha Skare, Niels Windfeld Lund, Andreas Vårheim (eds.) (2007): "A Document (Re)turn". Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, pp. 73-93. Reprinted with permission.
The article identifies the exponent for the longest caves in the Scandinavian Caledonides, UK, part of the Alps, USA and the earth. The exponent is used to calculate the total number of caves longer than 100 m and 10 m in different regions, using equations described by Rane Curl in 1986 and statistical methods like maximum likelihood estimation and Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The article discusses whether the approach is legitimate.
This paper deals with the threats posed by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to Arctic populations. It does not primarily focus on the negative impacts these substances have on ecosystems and human organisms, but rather directs its attention to the potentially disruptive effects the articulation of these threats might have on Arctic communities and systems of meaning. I employ the theoretical framework developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe to conceptualise the articulation of threats as different forms of discursive interaction between politico-scientific and local discourses. In providing a close reading of three sets of scientific texts pertaining to POPs in the Arctic, I show that each of these implies a particular form of discursive interaction - overcoding, semiotisation, and interdiscursive translation – which entail widely different effects on local frameworks of meaning. Finally, I apply some of Foucault’s ideas in order to direct attention to the particular form of politics underlying these forms of interaction between discourses.
The article deals with Arctic explorer and anthropologist Vilhjalmur Stefansson's self-presentation in the expedition account The Friendly Arctic: The Story of Five Years in Polar Regions (1921), which tells the story of his travels and trials in the Canadian High Arctic in the years between 1913-1918. The account has been considered a key text to Stefansson's Arctic career, and provides a textbook example of his characteristic theory of living off the country in the so-called Eskimo way. Against the background of Stefansson's debated position as Arctic expert and visionary, I ask if it is possible to read the kind of criticism with which Stefansson frequently was met as rooted in some of the narrative aspects of his account. The narrative persona or implied author is a central element in the literature of exploration, as several literary scholars have pointed out. My reading is centred around the implied author of The Friendly Arctic, which I argue must be read in light of the sometimes conflicting roles given to Stefansson as protagonist and narrator in his own story. Close-readings of passages from the account raise the dilemma of how it is possible to present oneself as a hero in an essentially friendly Arctic.
Lesning av Frihetens øyeblikk (1966), Kruttårnet (1969), og Stillheten (1973) av Jens Bjørneboe med spesielt henblikk på fortellerens prosjekt. Paul Ricoeurs Time and Narrative brukes fortrinnsvis som teoretisk grunnlag for lesningen.
Monsen, Maria Kristine(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 26-Nov-2007)
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Abstract:
The main focus for my thesis will be on John Banville’s Frames trilogy (2001) and the author's rendering of the limitations and possibilities of the aesthetic individual. In order to show how the tension between the aesthetic and the moral existence is illustrated by Banville’s protagonists, I have also included in my analysis certain literary and philosophical influences that I have found relevant.
In chapter one I am going through central points in Søren Kierkegaard's and Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophies. I have put the emphasis on Kierkegaard's Either/Or (1843) in order to apply his discussion of his three stages of existence, the aesthetic, ethical and religious, to my analysis of Banville's trilogy. In this section I am attempting to illustrate the traits belonging to the aesthetic individual, as depicted in the character Johannes, and try to show that Kierkegaard's term of the aesthetic individual is transferable to Banville's protagonists in the trilogy.
In order to show the Nietzschean element so prominent in Banville's protagonists, especially in Freddie Montgomery, I am referring to Nietzsche's early book, The Birth of Tragedy through the Spirit of Music (1872). It is my aim to show how Nietzsche's essential world-view of the lack of purpose of existence, lies at the bottom of the postmodern consciousness of Banville's characters. I am also looking at Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals (1887) in showing how Nietzsche's view on guilt and conscience as invalid concepts converge with the protagonists' in Frames. The last part of the chapter consists of a comparison between the converging concepts of the two philosophies, my point of departure being Tom P. S. Angier's recent book Either Kierkegaard /Or Nietzsche (2006), and an initial analysis of Frames based in these ideas.
In chapter two, in order to illustrate my points further, I am analysing parts of Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita (1957) and Fjodor Dostojevskij's Crime and Punishment (1866) to show how different aspects by these two classic novels can be compared to plot and characters in Frames. The emphasis here will be on the complexity of the protagonist in each of the novels, that resembles the mentality and character traits of the protagonist in Frames.
Chapter three contains the sustained analysis of the trilogy. The first part explores how Banville's protagonists' relate differently to their female other, while the second part of the analysis is concerned with the protagonist's quest for essence in a world where he finds no purpose.
On the background of a close reading of Ridley Scott’s war film Black Hawk Down (USA 2001; BHD), this paper investigates the formal properties through which a certain strain of war and action movies discursively constitutes the other – the enemy - as less than human. I develop the argument that the emergent relation between friend and foe in these films can be read through the concept of the border as an epistemological barrier that keeps the other incomprehensible, inaccessible, and ultimately ungrievable. Having demonstrated how BHD sets up such epistemological barriers, I widen focus and show that similar formal properties can be found in other audio-visual media, such as video games or news items. I then proceed to investigate how the societal impacts of this audio-visual rhetoric might be conceptualized. Do the mass media constitute a logistics organizing audiences’ perceptions of war, violence, and the other? Does the barring of the face of the enemy from the public sphere of appearance render particular lives ungrievable and therefore unprotectable? The main theoretical frame of the paper consists of an application of the discourse theory by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe to an analysis of audio-visual media, and of the approaches by Judith Butler, James Der Derian, and Paul Virilio to conceptualize impacts of media representations on political discourse and practice in times of war.
Avhandlinga tar for seg de folkelig aksepterte hovedpillarene innen samisk lyrikk, og også samisk litteratur som helhet, i tre forskjellige perioder i det 20. århundre. Den tidlige oppblomstringa av samisk skriftkultur tidlig i århundret, representert ved Pedar Jalvi. Kampen for anerkjennelse av samiske rettigheter på 60- og 70-tallet, representert ved Paulus Utsi. Inngangen til det post-moderne mot slutten av århundret, representert ved Nils-Aslak Valkeapää. Disse tre lyrikerne har vært pregende for hver sin periode, og har bidratt til å forme og skape samisk retorikk, både hvilken utadrettet politisk retorikk samene har ført og retorikken som har vært ført innad i det samiske samfunnet. Avhandlinga går inn i konkrete dikt av disse tre lyrikerne, trekker linjer mellom dem og problematiserer diskursen de representerer. Den ser også på hvordan diskursen utvikler seg i den kanoniserte samiske lyrikken gjennom det 20. århundre.
This thesis will examine how colonisation has influenced the African women’s fight for emancipation and equality as depicted in Nervous Conditions (1988) by Tsitsi Dangarembga and Purple Hibiscus (2003) by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Dangarembga and Adichie individually are contemporary African post-colonial writers who have drawn worldwide attention with their novels about young women’s fight to be heard and seen in their respective societies. Their stories independently depict problems such as racism, sexual oppression, religious fanaticism and cultural alienation as experienced by their characters in post-colonial Africa. The British Empire’s colonial rule in Africa lasted for more than a century and had serious consequences for its native population. Colonialism was particularly hard on the women who were made invisible in the African society. Not only were they oppressed in terms of being colonized, they were equally oppressed in their own traditional society.
In: Roswitha Skare, Niels Windfeld Lund, Andreas Vårheim (eds.) (2007): "A Document (Re)turn". Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang,pp. 11-26. Reprinted with permission.
Christa Wolf – one of the most famous East German writers – published a little story called What remains in the summer of 1990. Written in the late seventies under the GDR regime but first published after the opening of the Berlin Wall, What remains caused a great stir in the almost reunified Germany known as the Christa-Wolf-Debate. Especially in big German newspapers like Die Zeit or Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, but also in the smaller local ones, German intellectuals for years were discussing the moral responsibilities of the writer and the politics of literature and literary criticism.
All the critics refer to one literary text, not taking into consideration that there might be a unit of documents caused by several editions and several versions. In this paper I therefore would like to examine what kind of influence these variants might have on the interpretation of the text. In relation to this, I also want to take a closer look on what Gerald Genette (1987) calls the ”paratext” of a text and its consequences for the public ”epitext”. In this context I will also discuss the fact that an important part of the artistic documentation – the several versions of a text which may be found in private or public archives – are seldom or never considered as relevant by literary critics who only relate to the ”finished” product.
Description:
Paper presented at DOCAM ’03, University of California, Berkeley,
August 13-15, 2003
Die Arbeit ist eine Zusammenfassung von den Verfolgungen der Ketzer von den ersten Jahrhunderten bis an das 17. Jahrhundert. Die Untersuchung dieser Verfolgungen zeigt, dass die katholische Kirche und vorher die Heiden und Juden immer die Ketzer verfolgten, aufgrund, dass die Ketzer von den Leuten beliebt waren, und deshalb die Macht und die Positionen der Geistlichkeit und der Obrigkeit drohten. Die Geschichte dieser Ketzer findet man in Gottfried Arnolds Kirchen- und Ketzerhistorie, die eine besondere Kirchengeschichte ist. Sie lässt die Ketzer in den Vordergrund treten, während die Geistlichkeit der offiziellen Kirche als Ketzermacher dargestellt werden.
Die Kirchen- und Ketzerhistorie, die auch die KKH genannt wird, ist von einem sehr gelehrten Mann geschrieben, der seine eigene Quellen gesammelt hatte, und von niemand widersprochen werden konnte. Sie ist als eine Verfallsgeschichte der ursprünglichen christlichen Gemeinde geschrieben, die besonders nach der Zeit Konstantins immer mehr verweltlicht wurde. Arnold schob unkritisch jahrhundertealte Lehrmeinungen beiseite und revolutionierte die damalige gesamte kirchengeschichtliche Betrachtungsweise. Die KKH ist nicht wie eine Chronologie geschrieben, sie wird aber chronologisch, weil sie von Jahrhundert zu Jahrhundert geschrieben ist. Und eine durchgehende Struktur dieser Ketzergeschichte ist, dass wann immer die Umgebung der Christen ihren Glauben fürchtete, die Christen zum Ketzer gemacht und verfolgt wurden.
Noch eine Struktur, die man in der KKH findet, ist, dass aus einer freien Gemeinde sich oft eine Machtstruktur entwickelte. Diese Struktur unterdrückt die ursprüngliche Mentalität der Gruppe und ausstieß diejenigen, die beständig blieben. Die Entwicklung von Gruppestruktur einer Gemeinde, ist mit Jan Assmanns kulturelle Gedächtnistheorie zu behaupten versucht.
Diese Arbeit ist eigentlich eine zusammenhängende Kritik auf die Geistlichkeit der katholischen Kirche, die die Ketzer nicht duldete, weil sie ihre Macht und Ehre drohten. Aber heute gehört die Ketzergeschichte Arnolds zum Archiv, weil man von ungefähr 300 Jahre nicht von solchen Ketzer gehört hat, von denen darüber Arnold schrieb.
Die Arbeit ist in zwei Teile geteilt. Erst die Einleitung, die über Arnold und sein Buch erzählt. Dann kommt der Hauptteil, wo man über unterschiedliche Ketzerverfolgungen lesen kann.
This thesis is a comparative study investigating contemporary circumpolar art, with main focus on the Norwegian artist Aslaug Juliussen and the Alaskan artist Ronald W. Senungetuk. Both artists are Indigenous people, yet neither of them has a preference of being identified as Indigenous artists. In analyzing six artworks, three by each artist, the ambivalent nature of the “Indigenous label” will be examined. This study will show that it is difficult, in terms of an art historical perspective, to situate their art.
Are categories such as Sámi or Alaska Native art misleading in terms of contemporary circumpolar art terminology? Does Juliussen’s and Senungetuk’s art reflect a common trend in contemporary circumpolar art? In a globalizing world, the term “Indigenous art” seems to be an all-inclusive term, which attempts to describe an entire group of very diverse artists. There seems to be a tendency to equate “Indigenous art” with handicraft. Both Juliussen’s and Senungetuk’s art defies this stereotype. Their art is remarkable because it breaks boundaries.
In order to formulate a new approach to understanding contemporary circumpolar art, modern art theory will be employed, concentrating on the writings of the American theorists George Dickie and Arthur C. Danto. Their theories will accomplish two things. Firstly, determine where Juliussen’s and Senungetuk’s art can be positioned in regard to an art historical context. Secondly, explain how Juliussen’s use of non-modified objects can be understood as