| Abstract: | In this paper my aim is to read and understand the journal of Gerrit de Veer from the last journey of William Barents to the Arctic Regions in 1596 and the journal of captain Junge on his hunting trip from Tromsø to Svalbard in 1834.It is nearly 240 years between this to voyages. The first journal is known as the earliest report from the arctic era. Gerrit de Veer adds instructive copper engravings to his text and give us insight in the crews meeting with this new land. Captain Junges journal is found together with his dead crew in a house in a fjord nearby Ny-Ålesund and has no drawings, but word. Both of these journals may be read as sources of the knowledge and understanding of the polar region. They might also unveil the ideas of how to deal with and survive under the challenges that is given. In addition one can ask if the sources can tell us more about how men describe their challenges. Can the way they expressed themselves in the journals give us an understanding of masculinity? And not least help us to create good questions of the change in the ideas of masculinities which is said to follow the change in understanding of the wilderness. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4874 |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2437 |
| Abstract: | The recovery of sea eagle Haliaeetus spp. populations in the temperate northern hemisphere in the closing decades of the 20th century is one of the great conservation success stories of recent times, but the re-establishment of these apex predators in marine systems has had consequences for seabirds. Sea eagles affect seabirds both directly (by taking adults and offspring and by inducing potentially costly behaviors to minimize danger) and indirectly (by facilitating the nest predators of seabirds, mainly gulls and corvids). Repeated disturbance by hunting eagles has caused seabirds to abandon colonies and subcolonies in the tens to hundreds of thousands of pairs. In recent years, sea eagles have been widely implicated in local declines of surface-nesting seabirds in the northeast Pacific Ocean, the northwest Atlantic Ocean and northern Europe. The extent to which recent events simply reflect a return to a more “natural” ecological baseline as sea eagle populations recover from decades of persecution and chemical pollutants is discussed. We argue that there is need for a research effort to investigate the conservation implications of increasing sea eagles in the context of multiple threats to seabird populations. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5110 |
| Abstract: | Two new reflection seismic profiles over the Paleozoic successions of the western part of the Siljan Ring impact structure show a contrasting seismic signature. The more southerly c. 10 km long Mora profile reveals a highly disturbed structure, with only a few kilometers of relatively horizontally layered structures observed. However, interpretations of refracted arrivals in the data, that can be correlated to reflections, indicate the Silurian clastic rocks to be about 200 m thick in the central part of the profile. Weak reflections from about 600 m depth suggest a 400 m thick Ordovician limestone sequence to be present. Cores from the area show a mainly shale lithology for the Silurian and only a thin sequence of Ordovician strata, suggesting a rapid thickening of the Ordovician towards the north. On the more northern c. 12 km Orsa profile clear reflections from the Paleozoic successions are seen along the entire profile, except on the southernmost few kilometers. Based on interpretations of refracted arrivals, the Silurian succession appears to be considerably thinner here, and possibly absent at some locations. The Ordovician is also interpreted to be thinner in this area, with a maximum thickness of about 200–300 m along most of the profile. A deeper reflection from about 2 km within the crystalline basement may represent a dolerite sill. The lack of clear basement reflections on the Mora profile can be attributed to near-surface conditions and the acquisition geometry. The seismic data and recent coring in the area suggest the presence of a deeper paleo-basin towards the southwest with significantly more shales being deposited and the Paleozoic successions being severely disturbed. The shallow coring and seismic data will help form the basis for locating future boreholes for deeper drilling to study impact processes and the Paleozoic evolution of central Sweden. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4985 |
| Abstract: | The objective of this chapter is to give an overview and analysis of the current trends and developments in biotechnology in aquaculture research and management. The technological developments along with structural changes in the aquaculture sector may affect access and intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes. These issues will be discussed in a wide perspective involving both short and long-term biological effects, ethical and other social aspects (economic, legal and political issues), including their partly inherent contradictions needing compromising for sustainable development. The chapter will focus on current biological challenges within aquaculture as a growing food production sector, with less emphasis on external effects such as environmental effects. Cases from farmed salmon and cod in Norway in addition to shrimp and tilapia in Asia will be highlighted. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4614 |
| Abstract: | About fifty larvae of Cephenemyia ulrichii Brauer (Diptera: Oestridae), some of them nearly fullgrown third instars, were found in the throat of a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in June 2007 near Helsinki in Finland. The parasite is considered to be host specific, occurring only in the moose (Alces alces), and this paper is apparently the first report of a successful infestation in an aberrant host. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2155 |
| Abstract: | The highly efficient endectocide ivermectin is used to reduce the burden of parasites in many semidomestic reindeer herds in northern Fennoscandia. In the autumn of 1995 and 1996 all reindeer on the island of Silda (42 km2) were treated with ivermectin in an attempt to eradicate the warble fly (Hypoderma (=Oedemagena) tarandi (L.)), the nose bot fly (Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer)) (Diptera: Oestridae) and the sinus worm (Linguatula arctica Riley, Haugerud and Nilssen) (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae). Silda is situated 2-3 km off the mainland of Finnmark, northern Norway, and supports about 475 reindeer in summer. A year after the first treatment, the mean abundance of H. tarandi was reduced from 3.5 to 0.6, but a year after the second treatment the mean abundance unexpectedly had increased to 4.5. After one year without treatment, the mean abundance and prevalence of the three target parasites were at the same level, or higher, than pre-treatment levels. The main hypothesis for the failure to eliminate the parasites is that gravid H. tarandi and C. trompe females originating from untreated reindeer in adjacent mainland areas dispersed to the island during the warm summer of 1997 (possibly also in 1998). As these oestrids are strong flyers, it may not be too difficult for them to cross >2-3 km of oceanic waters. There are no good explanations for the failure to eradicate L. arctica, but the results indicate that there may be elements in its life cycle that are unknown. The conclusion of the study is that it may be difficult or impossible to eradicate these parasites permanently, even locally such as on islands unless adjacent areas on the mainland are also cleared. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/608 |
| Abstract: | For rundt 1700 år siden, mot slutten av yngre romertid, ble det gravlagt et lite barn på Hundstad på Kveøya. Funnmaterialet gir indikasjoner på at det er ei jente i 4 års alderen. Jenta har trolig blitt lagt i et steinsatt gravkammer, og hun ble plassert med hodet mot havet i sør. Hun har fått med seg flere gravgaver; ei bøylespenne i bronse, ei glassperle samt en rekke gjenstander av jern. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5136 |
| Abstract: | Forvrengning av virkeligheten for reindriften på Kola er et hinder for å løse interne problem og inviterer til å flytte ansvaret over på ytre krefter. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5138 |
| Description: | Dokumentet er en del av serien "Publikasjoner fra Helgøyprosjektet"/Universitetet i Tromsø og NAVF |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3355 |
| Abstract: | Forskningsprojektet DYLAN (Hvordan skal vi forvalte DYnamiske LANdskaper?) är ett tvärvetenskapligt projekt med ena foten i naturvetenskapen med paleoekologi, dendroekologi, botanik, zoologi samt bevarandeekologi och andra i kulturvetenskapen med arkeologi och kulturhistoria. Tanken är att ge en helhetlig bild av hur fjellandskapet och de övre dalgångarna i Norge använts och förändrat sig genom historiens lopp, allt sedan sista istiden. Denna kunskapen kan sedan bilda fundamentet i en mer utvecklad strategi för att bättre tillvarata, skydda och utveckla, de naturliga och kulturella värdierna som finns i det fjällnära landskapet. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4833 |
| Abstract: | Utgravningene av totalt elleve lokaliteter på Skarpeneset i 2008, med et begrenset tillegg i 2009, avdekket overraskende fire store, rektangulære tufter, mer eller mindre nedgravde i bakken, på to av lokalitetene. Tuftene er datert samlet til 7000 – 6500/6400 f.Kr. Det foreslås at de er rester etter hus med parvis skråstilte, takbærende stolper, uten markerte ildsteder og med minst to åpninger/innganger. Til tross for klare likhetstrekk framviser tuftene relativt stor morfologisk variasjon med hensyn til størrelse, form, grad og form på nedgravning i gulvet, konstruksjon av vegger, samt rominndeling. Markkjemiske analyser viser at enkelte av veggene ble brukt som avfallsområder (møddinger). Funnmaterialet var konsentrert innenfor og i veggene på tuftene. Harde bergarter, inkludert flint fra lokale morenemasser, kvarts, kvartsitt og chert, dominerer. Redskapsmaterialet består av avslag med ulike typer retusj, flekker, mikroflekker, noen få tverrspisser, stikler og bor. Flekke- og mikroflekkekjerner finnes i materialet, men vanligst er bipolare kjerner. Funn av en liten, slipt skiferøks og fragmenter av to andre økser kan muligens ses i sammenheng med påvist sekundær bruk. De resterende ni lokalitetene som ble utgravd i 2008 ga lite informasjon til kulturhistoria for Skarpeneset. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2669 |
| Abstract: | The synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is used to create focused images from ultrasound scans. SAFT has traditionally been applied only for imaging in a single medium, but the recently introduced phase shift migration (PSM) algorithm has expanded the use of SAFT to multilayer structures. In this article we present a similar focusing algorithm called multi-layer omega-k (MULOK), which combines PSM and the ω-k algorithm to perform multilayer imaging more efficiently. The asymptotic complexity is shown to be lower for MULOK than for PSM, and this is confirmed by comparing execution times for implementations of both algorithms. To facilitate the complexity analysis, a detailed description of algorithm implementation is included, which also serves as a guide for readers interested in practical implementation. Using data from an experiment with a multilayered structure, we show that there is essentially no difference in image quality between the two algorithms. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4084 |
| Abstract: | The newly discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vent field “Loki’s Castle” at 2,350 m depth at 70°N on the Knipovich Ridge north of the island Jan Mayen is the only known black smoker field from the Arctic Ridge system. This vent field holds a unique fauna clearly distinct from vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Iceland. In addition to numerous maldanid and ampharetid polychaetes one animal of particular interest at this vent site, is a new genus and species of melitid amphipod. This new species is found in cracks and crevices on vent chimneys as well as in areas where diffuse venting is common such as the base of vent chimneys. Here, we present a formal morphological description of this new melitid species and hypothesize about the main form of its nutrition using stable isotope and molecular data. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4004 |
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