Weli, Simon Chioma; Tryland, Morten(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
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Avipoxviruses (APVs) belong to the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily of the Poxviridae family. APVs are distributed worldwide and cause disease in domestic, pet and wild birds of many species. APVs are transmitted by aerosols and biting insects, particularly mosquitoes and arthropods and are usually named after the bird species from which they were originally isolated. The virus species Fowlpox virus (FWPV) causes disease in poultry and associated mortality is usually low, but in flocks under stress (other diseases, high production) mortality can reach up to 50%. APVs are also major players in viral vaccine vector development for diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Abortive infection in mammalian cells (no production of progeny viruses) and their ability to accommodate
multiple gene inserts are some of the characteristics that make APVs promising vaccine vectors. Although abortive infection in mammalian cells conceivably represents a major vaccine bio-safety advantage, molecular mechanisms
restricting APVs to certain hosts are not yet fully understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge relating to APVs, including classification, morphogenesis, host-virus interactions, diagnostics and disease, and also
highlights the use of APVs as recombinant vaccine vectors.
Juhlin, Christoffer; Sturkell, Erik; Ebbestad, Jan Ove R.; Lehnert, Oliver; Högström, Anette; Meinhold, Guido(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
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Two new reflection seismic profiles over the Paleozoic successions of the western part of the Siljan Ring impact structure show a contrasting seismic signature. The more southerly c. 10 km long Mora profile reveals a highly disturbed structure, with only a few kilometers of relatively horizontally layered structures observed. However, interpretations of refracted arrivals in the data, that can be correlated to reflections, indicate the Silurian clastic rocks to be about 200 m thick in the central part of the profile. Weak reflections from about 600 m depth suggest a 400 m thick Ordovician limestone sequence to be present. Cores from the area show a mainly shale lithology for the Silurian and only a thin sequence of Ordovician strata, suggesting a rapid thickening of the Ordovician towards the north. On the more northern c. 12 km Orsa profile clear reflections from the Paleozoic successions are seen along the entire profile, except on the southernmost few kilometers. Based on interpretations of refracted arrivals, the Silurian succession appears to be considerably thinner here, and possibly absent at some locations. The Ordovician is also interpreted to be thinner in this area, with a maximum thickness of about 200–300 m along most of the profile. A deeper reflection from about 2 km within the crystalline basement may represent a dolerite sill. The lack of clear basement reflections on the Mora profile can be attributed to near-surface conditions and the acquisition geometry. The seismic data and recent coring in the area suggest the presence of a deeper paleo-basin towards the southwest with significantly more shales being deposited and the Paleozoic successions being severely disturbed. The shallow coring and seismic data will help form the basis for locating future boreholes for deeper drilling to study impact processes and the Paleozoic evolution of central Sweden.
The international introduction of Internet during the last 8-10 years has resulted in a reorganisation of the IT-sector. This change is overwhelming, to an extent only few experts could predict.Several influential policy reports recently have argued that our societies are changing from industrial societies into 'information societies', in which the creation and dissemination of knowledge is of great importance. In October 2000 rectors and representatives of 19 higher educational establishments of Northwest Russia, Northern Norway, and America, signed a declaration on cooperation and development between higher educational establishments of the three countries. This paper will address the possibilities, challenges and problems using Internet for educators, trainers, managers and designers involved in the application of information technology (IT) to the teaching and learning process, and in the planning, administration and management of international distance education of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region. The paper is based on the principle that a university will realize and implement in practice what is thought to be a benefit for the institution. First the paper addresses the present status concerning IT infrastructure in the countries involved. Secondly, the paper discusses the different educational needs in the countries. Finally, different organizing, financing and crediting models are analyzed. Internet-based courses are not just old wine in new bottles but a new system with interesting and unpredictable implications for students, faculty, and institutions.
Arntzen, Johan Eilertsen(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2013)
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Som et ledd i undertegnedes PhD-prosjekt “The consolidation of farming in northern Norway 1200 BC–0 AD: An investigation based on settlement sites” planlegges en arkeologisk undersøkelse i Sandvika, Tromsø kommune våren 2013. Ett
av hovedmålene med det overliggende prosjektet er å undersøke omfanget, karakteren og betydningen av jordbruk i Nord-Norge i “konsolideringsfasen”.
En større mengde vegetasjonshistoriske
undersøkelser, samt de få arkeologiske undersøkelsene som har vært gjort, peker på at d
et er i tidsrommet 1200 f. Kr. – 0 AD at jordbruk
et etableres som en viktig ervervsform i regionen
(Sjögren og Arntzen, 2013). Lokaliteten i
Sandvika utmerker seg som interessant på bakgrunn av datering, type bosettingsspor, samt dens geografiske lokalisering langt nord i Norge. Sett i forhold til lokaliteter lengre sør i landsdelen, er Sandvika - lokaliteten den
desidert nordligste hvor det er indikasjoner på enten en etablert jordbruksøkonomi eller nær kontakt med sørligere jordbruksbosetting. Lokaliteten er en av to hvor det planlegges utgravninger i regi av det overliggende
prosjektet, hvor den andre ligger i et sentralt område for jordbruk i Salten, Nordland. Lokaliteten i Sandvika vil derfor omtales som en “marginal” lokalitet for jordbruk, og vil være svært viktig for å belyse flere problemstillinger
i prosjektet.
Planområdet ligger på Hundstadneset på Kveøya i Kvæfjord kommune i Troms. Det er satt i gang arkelogiske undersøkelser som følge av en regulering
splan for bruforbindelse mellom Kveøya og Hinnøya.
Sjøgren, Per Johan E; Andreas, Kirchhefer; Storm, Dikka; Ingrid, Sommerseth; Karl, Frafjord; Arve, Elvebakk(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2012)
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Forskningsprojektet DYLAN (Hvordan skal vi forvalte DYnamiske LANdskaper?) är ett tvärvetenskapligt projekt med ena foten i naturvetenskapen med paleoekologi, dendroekologi, botanik, zoologi samt bevarandeekologi och andra i kulturvetenskapen med arkeologi och kulturhistoria. Tanken är att ge en helhetlig bild av hur fjellandskapet och de övre dalgångarna i Norge använts och förändrat sig genom historiens lopp, allt sedan sista istiden. Denna kunskapen kan sedan bilda fundamentet i en mer utvecklad strategi för att bättre tillvarata, skydda och utveckla, de naturliga och kulturella värdierna som finns i det fjällnära landskapet.
For rundt 1700 år siden, mot slutten av yngre
romertid, ble det gravlagt et lite barn på Hundstad på Kveøya. Funnmaterialet gir indikasjoner på at det er ei jente i 4 års alderen. Jenta har trolig blitt lagt i et steinsatt gravkammer, og hun ble plassert med hodet mot havet i sør. Hun har fått med seg flere gravgaver; ei bøylespenne i bronse, ei glassperle samt en rekke gjenstander av jern.
Tandberg, Anne Helene Solberg; Rapp, Hans Tore; Schander, Christoffer; Vader, Wim; Sweetman, Andrew Kvassnes; Berge, Jørgen(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
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The newly discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vent field “Loki’s Castle” at 2,350 m depth at 70°N on the Knipovich Ridge north of the island Jan Mayen is the only known black smoker field from the Arctic Ridge system. This vent field holds a unique fauna clearly distinct from vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Iceland. In addition to numerous maldanid and ampharetid polychaetes one animal of particular interest at this vent site, is a new genus and species of melitid amphipod. This new species is found in cracks and crevices on vent chimneys as well as in areas where diffuse venting is common such as the base of vent chimneys. Here, we present a formal morphological description of this new melitid species and hypothesize about the main form of its nutrition using stable isotope and molecular data.
The highly efficient endectocide ivermectin is used to reduce the burden of parasites in many semidomestic
reindeer herds in northern Fennoscandia. In the autumn of 1995 and 1996 all reindeer on the island of Silda (42 km2)
were treated with ivermectin in an attempt to eradicate the warble fly (Hypoderma (=Oedemagena) tarandi (L.)), the nose
bot fly (Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer)) (Diptera: Oestridae) and the sinus worm (Linguatula arctica Riley, Haugerud and
Nilssen) (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae). Silda is situated 2-3 km off the mainland of Finnmark, northern Norway, and
supports about 475 reindeer in summer. A year after the first treatment, the mean abundance of H. tarandi was reduced
from 3.5 to 0.6, but a year after the second treatment the mean abundance unexpectedly had increased to 4.5. After
one year without treatment, the mean abundance and prevalence of the three target parasites were at the same level,
or higher, than pre-treatment levels. The main hypothesis for the failure to eliminate the parasites is that gravid H.
tarandi and C. trompe females originating from untreated reindeer in adjacent mainland areas dispersed to the island
during the warm summer of 1997 (possibly also in 1998). As these oestrids are strong flyers, it may not be too difficult
for them to cross >2-3 km of oceanic waters. There are no good explanations for the failure to eradicate L. arctica,
but the results indicate that there may be elements in its life cycle that are unknown. The conclusion of the study
is that it may be difficult or impossible to eradicate these parasites permanently, even locally such as on islands unless
adjacent areas on the mainland are also cleared.
Arntzen, Johan Eilertsen; Olsen, Morten; Grydeland, Sven Erik; Hole, Johan Terje(Research report; Forskningsrapport, May-2008)
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RV 17 – prosjektet på Tverlandet har vært gjennomført av Tromsø museum, Universitetsmuseet – Seksjon
for kulturvitenskap. Forberedelser, de arkeologiske undersøkelsene og etterarbeidet har tatt rundt to år, hvor utgravningene foregikk somrene 2006 og 2007.
Det ble funnet to større boplasser fra steinalder. I tid ligger disse i siste del av boreal og første del av atlantisk
tid. Tidligere er det ikke gravd ut boplasser fra denne epoken i Salten og de utgjør derfor et viktig
tilfang til fjordens eldre kulturhistorie.
Overraskende ble det også funnet anlegg fra jernalderen på lokalitetene. Det dreier seg om gårdsanlegg
med hustufter, ildsteder, rydningsrøyser og kokegroper, samt tre gravrøyser utenfor utgravningsområdet.
Gårdsbosetningen skriver seg fra både førromersk jernalder, folkevandringstid og sein vikingtid/tidlig
middelalder. Det er ikke tidligere gravd ut gårdsanlegg fra jernalderen i Salten. Funnene er derfor svært
viktige.
Denne artikkelen har fokus på hvordan og hvorfor kvendrakten ble skapt. Hvordan skriver skapelsen av denne drakten seg inn i norsk folkedrakt- og bunadtradisjon? Klær har mange funksjoner, men i denne sammenhengen vil jeg se på det visuelle og identitetsskapende aspektet ved bekledning.