Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (Handelshøgskolen) by Title
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Browsing Artikler, rapporter og annet (Handelshøgskolen) by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 71
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Bertheussen, Bernt Arne (Chronicle; Kronikk, 27-Dec-2011)[+][-]
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Mikkelsen, Eirik (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Feb-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: Assuming externalities from aquaculture to fisheries, we use a Verhulst-Schaefer model of fish population-dynamics and production, coupled with an aquaculture production model, to investigate effects on open-access and rent-maximising fisheries. Externalities are modelled by letting carrying capacity, intrinsic growth rate or catchability coefficient in the fishery depend on aquaculture production. We find that the different externalities can give opposite effects on steady state fishing effort, yield and stock, even for only “negative” externalities. With the catchability externality, increased unit cost of fishing can imply reduced aquaculture production in social optimum, under reasonable assumptions. We also look at allocation between the industries under three different management regimes for coastal areas: 1) Aquaculture has a primary right of use; 2) Optimal management of aquaculture and fishery; 3) Fishers have a primary right of use, but may allow marine farming, possibly against payment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/926 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (307.7Kb) -
Myrland, Øystein (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Sep-2002)[+][-]
Abstract: The purpose of this note is to develop a very simple, yet consistent structural model of the Norwegian seafood trade that highlights how trade flows and prices are affected by changes in exchange rates. By using a class of models called Equilibrium Displacement Models (EDM’s) the model is solved for the reduced-form elasticities to indicate the effects exchange rates changes has on producer surplus. Our “best-guess” estimate of the short-run currency effect during the first eight months of 2002 indicate that the exchange caused an initial reduction in Norwegian producer surplus equal to 1.158 million kroner. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/914 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (226.9Kb) -
Armstrong, Claire W. (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Mar-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of bioeconomic modelling of marine reserves, and illustrates how economists have responded to the modelling results found in the ecological literature. The economic analysis is shown to be far more pessimistic with regard to the potential of marine reserves as a fisheries management tool, than what one finds in the purely ecological analysis, the reason being the latter’s neglect of issues such as discounting and economic incentive behaviour. However, the economic analysis, despite some of it being relatively advanced with regard to spatiality, is still simplistic with regard to for instance ecosystem and habitat content. A simple expansion of the existing bioeconomic models with regard to positive habitat effects of area closures is presented and analysed, showing room for improved results from marine reserve implementation as compared to existing analysis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/940 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (168.5Kb) -
Pereau, Jean Christophe; Clark, Derek J. (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Feb-2007)[+][-]
Abstract: We consider sequential bargaining between three firms that are all essential in creating a surplus. One of the firms is dominant in the sense that it ultimately decides whether the surplus will be created. The other firms have an incentive to get a large share of the pie for themselves, but leaving enough for the dominant firm that it finds it profitable to create the surplus. Hence, the smaller firms have pref- erences over who they take their share from. Of all of the bargaining protocols that we consider, we identify the set of Pareto optimal pro- tocols, and show which of them will be uniquely preferred by each firm. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/948 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (186.8Kb) -
Bertheussen, Bernt Arne (Chronicle; Kronikk, 23-Mar-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Egenutvikling av spillere er god latin, men hvis ungdommene forlater klubbene gratis ved endt kontraktstid, slik stortalentet Mohammed Fellah i Vålerenga ønsker, settes klubbøkonomien sjakk matt igjen. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4300 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (79.50Kb) -
Tuu, Huy Ho; Olsen, Svein Ottar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)[+][-]
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the roles of perceived certainty, manipulated risk and knowledge in the satisfaction-purchase intention relationship in the context of a new product evaluation. This study uses a 2×2 factorial design with 120 participants and a combination of methods to test hypotheses. The respondents of low-risk as well as high-knowledge groups report a higher purchase intention. Interestingly, the movement from satisfaction to purchase intention is higher among respondents with higher certainty, and among respondents in low-risk as well as high-knowledge groups. In particular, this study finds a positive interaction effect between manipulated knowledge and manipulated risk on the satisfaction-purchase intention relationship. As with most experiments, this study has low external validity. Thus, future studies should use different products/brands tested among a wider range of consumers and in more realistic user situations. Both product risk and consumer knowledge are multidimensional constructs, thus, it will be interesting for future studies to manipulate different facets of those constructs (e.g. financial risk, procedural knowledge). The authors' findings suggest that managers should be aware of satisfaction strength (e.g. confidence and knowledge) and risk in their estimations of purchase intention based on satisfaction measurement. Marketing strategies that reduce consumers' risks, consolidate their confidence and educate them with relevant knowledge may be effective strategies to increase their purchase intentions, especially towards new products. This study contributes to the literature by simultaneously examining the roles of perceived certainty, manipulated risk and knowledge within a satisfaction-purchase intention relationship. It also contributes by providing empirical evidence supporting an interaction between knowledge and risk affecting the satisfaction-purchase intention relationship. Finally, it uses a controlled experiment in the context of a new product evaluation to confirm the causal effects. Description: This article is part of Ho Huy Tuu's doctoral thesis and is available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2971 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4268 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (295.9Kb) -
Armstrong, Claire W.; Skonhoft, Anders (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Sep-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: Biodiversity is today threatened by many factors of which destruction and reduction of habitats are considered most important for terrestrial species. One way to counteract these threats is to establish reserves with restrictions on land-use and exploitation. However, very few reserves can be considered islands, wildlife species roam over large expanses, often via some density dependent dispersal process. As a consequence, habitat destruction, and exploitation, taking place outside will influence the species abundance inside the conservation area. The paper presents a theoretical model for analysing this type of management problem. The model presented allows for both the common symmetric dispersal as well as what is called asymmetric dispersal between reserve and outside area. The main finding is that habitat destruction outside may not necessarily have negative impact upon the species abundance in the reserve. As a consequence, economic forces working in the direction of reducing the surrounding habitat have unclear effects on the species abundance within the protected area. We also find that harvesting outside the reserve may have quite modest effect on the species abundance in the reserve. This underlines the attractiveness of reserves from a conservation viewpoint. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/929 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (207.9Kb) -
Riis, Christian; Clark, Derek J. (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Apr-2005)[+][-]
Abstract: The early literature on research contests stressed the advantages of a fixed prize in inspiring R&D effort. More recently the focus has moved towards endogenizing the rewards to research activity in these tournament settings, since this can induce extra effort or enhance the surplus of the buyer. We focus on a research contest as a means of selecting a partner for an R&D enterprise, in an informational setting in which the established providers of R&D services know more about each others’ relative capabilities than does the buyer/sponsor. This asymmetry creates a source of inefficiency if a rank order contest is used as a selection device; we show how the contest can be modified to improve selection efficiency, while maintaining its simplicity (as only ordinal information is required). The modification that we suggest involves endogenizing the prizes that are awarded contingent upon whether a contestant wins or loses the contest. Furthermore, the payment system and the selection mechanism are detail free. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/933 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (209.2Kb) -
Armstrong, Claire W.; Sumaila, Ussif Rashid (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Jan-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper studies the distributional effects of the implementation of a marine protected area (MPA) for the North-East Atlantic cod stock. A bioeconomic cohort model with two agents targeting different age groups is used to examine how the establishment of an MPA may affect the payoffs to the two main vessel types used to exploit cod, namely, trawlers and coastal vessels. Cooperative and non-cooperative behaviour between the management of the two vessel groups are used to describe the existence or non-existence of efficient management in the fishable area. The model includes a shock in the form of a recruitment failure. A key result that emerges from this contribution is that depending on the ex ante status quo and ex post management, we may observe win-win, lose-lose or win-lose situations as a result of an MPA implementation. For instance, when the ex post management is cooperation, both agents in our model gain, while ex post non-cooperative behaviour results in gains only to the coastal fleet with the implementation of MPAs. The study also shows that even without cooperation outside the MPA, both groups would prefer a 50% reserve to the non cooperative outcome in the absence of an MPA. This is an indication that a reserve may well be preferred to a badly managed non-reserve fishery even when management outside the reserve is non-existent. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/927 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (251.3Kb) -
Sand, Jan Yngve; Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Dec-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: In this paper we analyze the interconnection incentives for firms that have an installed base of customers and that also compete for new customers. We show that the small firm may be harmed in the competition for new customers if the customers in the installed bases are charged a high price, since this makes the large firm more aggressive. It is also shown that the price charged to the installed base customers affects the incentives that determine interconnection quality. A high price to the installed base may, or may not, make a high interconnection quality likely. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/930 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (292.1Kb) -
Sand, Jan Yngve (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Jan-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper investigates a market with strictly complementary inputs, with a particular emphasis on how efficiency can be implemented when the productive firms undertake unobservable effort. It is shown that simple linear sharing rules cannot implement socially optimal effort, but a modified linear sharing rule can implement the first-best outcome and a restricted linear sharing rule can be used to implement the second-best outcome. In addition, problems associated with commitment to the sharing rule is discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/925 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (371.7Kb) -
Sand, Jan Yngve; Clark, Derek John (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 11-Jan-2010)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper analyses endogenous formation of technology sharing coalitions with asymmetric firms. Coalition partners produce complementary technology advancements, although firms do not co-operate on R&D investment level or in the product market. The equilibrium coalition outcome is either between the two most efficient firms, or a coalition with all three firms. The two-firm coalition is the preferred outcome of a welfare maximising authority if ex ante marginal cost is sufficiently high, and the three-firm coalition is preferred otherwise. Furthermore, we show that the equilibrium outcomes result in the lowest total R&D investment of all possible outcomes. Aircraft engine manufacturing provides a case study, and indicates the importance of antitrust issues as an addition to the theory. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2501 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (603.5Kb) -
Clark, Derek J.; Sand, Jan Yngve (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, 26-Jun-2006)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper analyses the endogenous formation of technology sharing coalitions with asymmetric firms. Coalition partners enjoy perfect spillovers from technology advancements by their coalition partners, but each firm determines its R&D investment level non-cooperatively and there is no co-operation in the product market. We show that the equilibrium coalition outcome is one between the two most efficient firms, and that this is also the preferred outcome of a welfare maxmising authority. Furthermore, we show that the equilibrium outcome results in the lowest total R&D investment of all possible outcomes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/942 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (283.6Kb) -
Bertheussen, Bernt Arne (Chronicle; Kronikk, 2010)[+][-]
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Sand, Jan Yngve (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Dec-2003)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper considers the problem of excess entry in vertically related markets when the regulator can regulate market structure and access charges. The endogenous access charge introduces an asymmetry between firms which affects the degree of excess entry. I find that the excess entry result of Mankiw and Whinston (1986) does not generally carry over to vertically related markets. It is shown that regulating access charges combined with no structure regulation is always the best option. For an interval of the downstream fixed cost, no regulation of the access charge yields the same level of welfare as the regulated case. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/922 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (306.4Kb) -
Kahui, Viktoria; Armstrong, Claire W. (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Nov-2008)[+][-]
Abstract: This paper applies a bioeconomic model in order to study different interactions between a harvested renewable resource and a non-renewable resource without commercial value that is negatively affected by the harvesting activity. This enables the analysis of for instance cold water coral habitats and their importance to commercial fish species. The fish is harvested either in a manner that does not damage coral, such as stationary gear, or in a destructive fashion, such as bottom trawling. We find that when coral is a preferred or essential habitat, the optimal steady-state fish stock is no longer independent of the habitat level, i.e. optimum optimorum values determine the optimal stationary gear harvest rate and how much habitat should optimally be preserved. Such optimum optimorum values will vary according to the type of habitat-fishery connection, and some bottom trawling may be optimal for some periods of time. Our findings extend upon the underlying assumption of a constant habitat quality of bioeconomic models when destructive fishing methods are involved and a habitat-fishery connection exists. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1812 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (233.0Kb) -
Eriksen, Guri Hjallen; Flåten, Ola (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, Sep-2006)[+][-]
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Bertheussen, Bernt Arne (Chronicle; Kronikk, 24-May-2012)[+][-]
Abstract: Ole Gunnar Solskjærs flørt først med Aston Villa og så med Kjell Inge Røkke igjen har satt norske fotballsinn i kok. Men i mediejakten på skurker og helter vies offeret, som kan miste sine fortrinn, liten omtanke. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4313 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (81.29Kb) -
Bertheussen, Bernt Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 15-Mar-2011)[+][-]
Abstract: Fotballonkler er snille og tilsynelatende nyttige, men i det lange løp bidrar pengene deres til å ødelegge fotballnæringen. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4301 File(s) in this item: 1
article.pdf (77.52Kb)
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