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dc.contributor.authorLauritzen, Hilde Brun
dc.contributor.authorLarose, Tricia L
dc.contributor.authorØien, Torbjørn
dc.contributor.authorOdland, Jon Øyvind
dc.contributor.authorvan de Bor, Margot
dc.contributor.authorJacobsen, Geir Wenberg
dc.contributor.authorSandanger, Torkjel M
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-16T14:32:00Z
dc.date.available2017-01-16T14:32:00Z
dc.date.issued2016-11-08
dc.description.abstract<b>Introduction</b><br> Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organochlorines (OCs) are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment and proposed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). They can be transferred across the placenta during pregnancy, and studies suggest that the prenatal period may be particularly sensitive for influences on fetal growth and development. Several studies have investigated socio-demographic and pregnancy related factors associated with maternal serum PFAS and OC levels, but few studies have been conducted in time periods with increasing emissions of PFASs and recent emissions of OCs. <br><b>Methods</b><br> Serum from 424 pregnant women participating in the NICHD Scandinavian Successive Small-for-gestational Age (SGA) births study was collected in 1986–1988, and analyses of two PFASs and six OCs were conducted. Associations between EDCs and geographic, time dependent, socio-demographic and pregnancy related variables were evaluated by using multivariable linear regression models. <br><b>Results</b><br> Previous breastfeeding duration, time since last breastfeeding period, sampling date and country of residence were important factors associated with serum levels of PFOS and PFOA. Smoking status and pre-pregnancy BMI were negatively associated with PFOS, and maternal height was borderline negatively associated with PFOS and PFOA. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was negatively associated with PFOS in a sub-sample. Maternal serum levels of OCs were positively associated with maternal age, and negatively associated with previous breastfeeding duration and sampling date. Smoking had a consistently negative association with PCB 118 in a dose-dependent manner. Education level, pre-pregnancy BMI and alcohol consumption varied in importance according to the compound under study.<br> <b>Conclusions</b><br> Several maternal factors, including potentially modifiable factors, markers of pregnancy physiology and factors also related to perinatal outcomes were associated with EDC levels. Results from this study are relevant to populations with still high PFAS and OC levels, i.e. developing countries. Moreover, we can use this knowledge about associated factors on emerging EDCs with similar properties.en_US
dc.descriptionOriginal version at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166127">10.1371/journal.pone.0166127</a><br> Copyright: © 2016 Lauritzen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_US
dc.identifier.citationPLoS ONE (2016), 11(11):e0166127en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1394659
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0166127
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10164
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801en_US
dc.titleFactors associated with maternal serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances and organochlorines: A descriptive study of parous women in Norway and Swedenen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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