Blar i forfatter Artikler, rapporter og annet (jus) "Lott, Alexander"

Viser treff 1-15 av 15

    • The Abkhazian Conflict: A Study on Self-determination and International Intervention 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The Crimean conflict in 2014 followed in many respects the pattern of Russia’s previous interventions in a neighbouring state – e.g., the 2008 Georgian conflict. Yet its similarities with the forgotten Abkhazian conflict in 1992–1993 are not widely acknowledged. The principal aim of the study presented was to determine whether Abkhazia had the right to claim statehood and to examine Russia’s actions ...

    • Barriers to wildlife movement in straits: Problematizing habitat connectivity across marine ecosystems 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-25)
      The innovative development of the legal regime of straits has prevented the erection of ‘sovereignty-barriers’ to the movement of humans in and above straits. However, it overlooks to a great extent the significance of straits for marine organisms and birds. This article examines if it is necessary to supplement the legal regime of straits with rules that would allow circumnavigating ‘sovereign ...

    • Did an Alleged Ukrainian Attack against the Nord Stream Pipelines Violate the Law of Armed Conflict? 

      Lott, Alexander (Others; Andre, 2023-11-21)
      Preliminary Western intelligence reports have emerged about a purportedly pro-Ukrainian group of six divers conducting the sabotage against the Nord Stream pipelines in September last year. The Ukrainian Government denies any involvement in such an alleged operation. Nonetheless, recently, the Washington Post and Der Spiegel published a joint report which reached the unequivocal conclusion that: ...

    • Guidelines for Grey Zone Naval Incidents: Distinguishing between the Rules of Armed Conflict and Law Enforcement 

      Lott, Alexander (Chronicle; Kronikk, 2022-04-29)
      This short blog post aims to provide guidance for parties to hybrid naval warfare for determining whether the rules of armed conflict or law enforcement are applicable to various situations where force has been used against ships. The guidelines are based on the relevant case law and systemized into three scenarios: first, a commercial ship vs. government ship/warship (State vessel) scenario; ...

    • Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea: Use of Force and Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Straits 

      Lott, Alexander (Book; Bok, 2022-09-02)
      Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea debates the practice of states that have resorted to discriminatory navigational restrictions or aggression against foreign ships and aircraft in densely navigated straits. The book explores both widely acknowledged and lesser-known maritime incidents that meet the characteristics of hybrid warfare or hybrid conflict. This research approaches hybrid threats from ...

    • The (In)applicability of the Right of Innocent Passage in the Gulf of Finland – Russia’s Return to a Mare Clausum? 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-16)
      The Gulf of Finland has one of the busiest shipping routes globally and is the main export channel for Russian oil and gas. The Russian Federation has not closed its territorial sea for the east-west passage of ships to and from its ports. However, it has blocked over the past dozen years the north-south passage of an Estonian-Finnish commercial ferry line that has not received the Russian Federation’s ...

    • The Legal Regime of the Strait of Hormuz and Attacks against Oil Tankers: Law of the Sea and Law on the Use of Force Perspectives 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-20)
      The Strait of Hormuz has great significance for the world economy as an oil chokepoint. Yet in recent years, international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz has been repeatedly hampered and subject to discriminatory navigational restrictions and attacks. Such measures have been mostly aimed at oil tankers. This article examines the maritime incidents that occurred in the Strait of Hormuz ...

    • The Legal Regime of the Strait of Hormuz and Attacks Against Oil Tankers: Law of the Sea and Law on the Use of Force Perspectives 

      Lott, Alexander; Kawagishi, Shin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-20)
      The Strait of Hormuz has great significance for the world economy as an oil chokepoint. Yet in recent years, international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz has been repeatedly hampered and subject to discriminatory navigational restrictions and attacks. Such measures have been mostly aimed at oil tankers. This article examines the maritime incidents that occurred in the Strait of Hormuz in ...

    • A Marine-Biology-Centric Definition of Ocean Connectivity and the Law of the Sea 

      Johansen, Elise; Dahl, Irene Vanja; Lott, Alexander; Nickels, Philipp Peter; Andreassen, Ingrid Solstad (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-23)
      The inter-connectedness of marine ecosystems has been repeatedly acknowledged in the relevant literature as well as in policy briefs. Against this backdrop, this article aims at further reflecting on the question of to what extent the law of the sea takes account of or disregards ocean connectivity. In order to address this question, this article starts by providing a brief overview of the notion ...

    • Maritime Security in the Baltic and Japanese Straits From the Perspective of EEZ Corridors 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-29)
      This study focuses on the practice of the Baltic Sea coastal states and Japan in voluntarily limiting the outer extent of their territorial sea in straits. The reasons for the establishment of narrow exclusive economic zone (EEZ) corridors in straits are mostly related to security considerations. This article examines the consequences of such state practice for navigational regimes and for the ...

    • Maritime Security Threats and the Passage Regime in the Bab el-Mandeb 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-21)
      The strait of Bab el-Mandeb separates Africa from the Arabian Peninsula and is an important element in the connection of the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea with the Indian Ocean. The Suez Canal interlinks the Mediterranean with the Red Sea, while the Bab el-Mandeb connects the Red Sea with the Indian Ocean. In Arabic, Bāb al-Mandab stands for “the gate of tears” (Encyclopaedia Britannica), which ...

    • The MS Estonia Shipwreck Revisited: New Developments in the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Northern Baltic Sea 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-12)
      It is widely believed that international law does not enable to protect effectively the wreck of the ms Estonia against looting. The protection regime established under the 1995 ms Estonia Treaty is binding and violations against it can be effectively sanctioned in respect of only the nationals of its few States Parties, resulting in numerous jurisdictional gaps.<p> <p>This study argues that the ...

    • The Passage Regimes of the Kerch Strait—To Each Their Own? 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-24)
      This study explores the passage regimes of the Kerch Strait and its adjacent maritime areas in the context of current arbitration proceedings between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. It ascertains that conflicting sovereignty claims over Crimea might lead to strait states and user states alike retaining their different approaches to the passage regime of the Kerch Strait. Thus, the regimes of ...

    • Russia’s Blockade in the Sea of Azov: A Call for Relief Shipments for Mariupol 

      Lott, Alexander (Chronicle; Kronikk, 2022)
      On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation launched an invasion of Ukraine. Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian civilians have no possibility to evacuate from besieged cities of eastern Ukraine as the humanitarian corridors are not functioning (see here). According to media reports, the worst humanitarian situation right now is found in the port city of Mariupol which has a strategic location ...

    • Sabotasje mot undersjøisk infrastruktur er stadig mer vanlig 

      Lott, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023)
      Sabotasje mot undersjøisk infrastruktur er stadig vanligere, noe hendelser de siste årene fra Svalbard til Shetlandsøyene, fra den franske middelhavskysten til Taiwanstredet illustrerer, skriver forskeren i havrett.