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Bayesian analysis of risk- and ambiguity aversion in two information sampling tasks
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2020-07)
Humans are aversive to risk (irreducible
uncertainty) and ambiguity (reducible uncertainty). However, strong ambiguity aversion does
not necessarily imply strong risk aversion. Further, in real life it can be challenging to
attribute uncertainty and one may treat ambiguity as risk. This can lead to biases in
information sampling, i.e. premature stopping of collecting information that could ...
Prolonged rather than hasty decision-making in schizophrenia using the box task. Must we rethink the jumping to conclusions account of paranoia?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-05)
Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the best established cognitive bias in schizophrenia and is increasingly targeted in interventions aimed to improve positive symptoms. To address shortcomings of the standard measure to capture JTC, the beads task, we developed a new variant—the box task—which was subsequently validated in people with elevated psychotic-like experiences. For the first time, the box ...
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-02)
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and ...
The Confidence Database
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-03)
Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use ...
Spared performance but increased uncertainty in schizophrenia: Evidence from a probabilistic decision-making task
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021)
Aberrant attribution of salience to in fact little informative events might explain the emergence of positive symptoms in schizophrenia and has been linked to belief uncertainty. Uncertainty is thought to be encoded by neuromodulators, including norepinephrine. However, norepinephrinergic encoding of uncertainty, measured as task-related pupil dilation, has rarely been explored in schizophrenia. ...
Aberrant salience predicts fluctuations of paranoia two weeks in advance during a 1-year experience sampling method study in people with psychosis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-03)
The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) has improved our understanding of psychosis considerably (Myin-Germeys et al., 2018). Not only has ESM shed light on the moment-to-moment variability of psychotic symptoms, it has equally helped to identify micro-level precursor variables that forecast symptom exacerbations a couple of hours in advance. Among others, established ESM-derived precursors are negative ...
To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-04)
Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We ...
Identifying Resilience Factors of Distress and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Five Countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-10)
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has affected all countries with more than 100 million confirmed cases and over 2.1 million casualties by the end of January 2021 worldwide. A prolonged pandemic can harm global levels of optimism, regularity, and sense of meaning and belonging, yielding adverse effects on individuals' mental health as represented by worry, paranoia, and distress. Here we studied ...
Sleep problems and worrying precede psychotic symptoms during an online intervention for psychosis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-10)
<p><i>Objective - </i>Experience sampling assessments (multiple assessments per day for approximately one week) indicate that positive symptoms fluctuate over time in psychosis. Precursors, such as sleep problems or worrying, predict these fluctuations. To date, it remains unclear whether the same precursors predict symptom variability also during treatment in an online intervention for psychosis, ...
Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests: Making Transparent How Design Choices Shape Research Results
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-16)
To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from 2 separate large samples (total N 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete 1 version ...