The synthesis of TiO2 thin films by the chemical spray pyrolysis method at different titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) to acetylacetone (AcacH) ratios has been shown to lead to the highest photodegradation at 1 (TTIP):8 (AcacH). These films hold promise in the field of indoor pollution treatment. Carbon incorporation into the surface and into the TiO2 lattice could be responsible for the observed ...

A free‐floating oil spill experiment (two oil types) in the open ocean is described, and the results from slick characterization through integrated analysis of drift simulations with remote sensing and in situ data are discussed. We compare oil drift simulations (OpenOil), applying various configurations of wind, wave, and current information, with the observed slick positions and shape. We describe ...

On-chip devices for absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been developing rapidly in the last few years, triggered by the growing availability of compact and affordable tunable lasers, detectors, and on-chip spectrometers. Material processing that is compatible with mass production has been proven to be capable of long low-loss waveguides of sophisticated designs, which are indispensable ...

<p>SAR images display a characteristic intensity variation along the range dimension, caused by the fact that the backscattered intensities depend on the incidence angle. In the case of wide-swath images, this intensity variation from near range to far range is significant enough to affect image segmentation performed on absolute intensity values. The effects are an over-segmentation which creates ...

When the Earth's ionosphere is irradiated by a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic wave of sufficiently high power density and tuned to match a natural E- or F-region plasma frequency, ionospheric magnetoionic wave modes may be excited and may generate RF electromagnetic sideband waves via nonlinear interactions. These secondary emissions, which may then escape from the ionosphere, have been termed ...

We investigate the nature of small-scale irregularities observed in the cusp by the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics-2 (TRICE-2) in regions of enhanced phase scintillations and high-frequency coherent radar backscatter. We take advantage of the fact that the irregularities were detected by spatially separated probes, and present an interferometric analysis of both the observed electron ...

Turbulent motions due to flux-driven thermal convection are investigated by numerical simulations and stochastic modeling. Tilting of convection cells leads to the formation of sheared flows and quasi-periodic relaxation oscillations for the energy integrals far from the threshold for linear instability. The probability density function for the temperature and radial velocity fluctuations in the ...

Fluctuations in the boundary region of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak have been analyzed using gas puff imaging data. It is found that the fluctuation amplitudes in the near scrape-off layer follow a normal distribution while the far scrape-off layer fluctuations are dominated by large amplitude bursts due to radial motion of blob-like structures and have a positively skewed and flattened amplitude ...

A simple automatic multipolarization technique for discrimination of main types of thin oil films (of thickness less than the radio wave skin depth) from natural ones is proposed. It is based on a new multipolarization parameter related to the ratio between the damping in the slick of specially normalized resonant and nonresonant signals calculated using the normalized radar cross-section model ...

Recently, it has been shown that the Spread Spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network radar system located in northern Norway is capable of measuring ionospheric E-region coherent scatter with spatial and temporal resolutions on the order of 1.5 km and 2 s, respectively. Four different events from June and July of 2022 are examined in the present study, where the coherent ...