Blar i tittel Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak)
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The obesity epidemic; population levels of visceral adipose tissue and trends in body composition. Insights from The Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-09)<p><i>Background:</i> Simultaneously with the growing obesity epidemic, cardiometabolic risk have decreased in high-income countries. Do the most frequently used general and abdominal obesity measures (BMI and waist circumference) fail to represent actual obesity and obesity-related health risk? <p><i>Aims:</i> 1) present reference- and threshold values for DXA-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT) ... -
Obesity, body height and risk of venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-01-18)Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Obesity, as well as a tall stature, are well-known and substantial risk factors for VTE, but the underlying mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood. The aims of this thesis were to investigate how different patterns of body fat distribution, levels of obesity-related ... -
Obesity, renal hyperfiltration and glomerular filtration rate decline in the general population
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-06-11)Obesity is a well-known risk factor for several severe diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome is a concept related to obesity which includes additional risk factors for disease: increased waist circumference, high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Both obesity and the ... -
Obesity-related venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-02-22)Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a collective term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common and multicausal disease. Obesity is a major and likely causal risk factor for VTE. However, to what extent obesity contributes to VTE risk in the general population and the mechanism of obesity-related VTE remain poorly understood. The overall aim of this thesis was (i) to ... -
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries : risk factors, episiotomy characteristics, and pelvic floor dysfunction
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-14)Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are well known and serious complications of vaginal delivery. The incidence in Norway increased from below 1.0% in the 1960s to 4.3% in 2004. As a consequence a national strategy to reduce the number of OASIS was initiated by the Directorate for Health and Social affairs/National Advisory Committee for Obstetrics. As a part of this strategy an interventional ... -
Occupational exposure, respiratory health and sensitisation among crab processing workers. A study among processors of king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and edible crab (Cancer pagurus) in Norwegian land based crab processing plants.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-10)Occupational asthma and allergy are health problems found in the seafood processing industry. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the exposure to central components in bioaerosols collected in the breathing zone of crab processing workers, and explore the workers’ prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitisation to crustacean allergens. This thesis describes the exposure levels of total ... -
Old antibiotics as alternative treatment options for urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-, AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-25)Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Escherichia coli, producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC or carbapenemases, are acknowledged among the most significant global health threats. Growing rates of MDR E.coli can lead to an increase in the use of reserve antimicrobials. Re-introducing “old antimicrobials” could offer a timely solution. This work aimed at evaluating the role of ... -
Omsorgserfaring i tradisjon og moderne omsorgsfilosofi : en hermeneutisk studie av den sykepleiefaglige omsorgserfaringen i lys av Kari Martinsens forfatterskap.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-10-12)Avhandlingen er en fortolkning av den sykepleiefaglige omsorgserfaringen i lys av Kari Martinsens og Ulrikke E. Nissens forfatterskap. Fortolkningen viser at omsorg var integrert i Nissens sykepleietenkning, forankret i den kristne kjærlighet og tro, i fenomener som nestekjærlighet, barmhjertighet, tillit, sannhet og verdighet. I Martinsens tekster trer omsorg og kjærlighet frem som ontologiske ... -
On mobile genetic elements in enterococci : adding more facets to the complexity
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2010-10-01)Enterokokker er en viktig bakterie i vår normale tarm-flora, men økende virulens og resistens mot antibiotika har gjort disse bakteriene til et økende sykehusrelatert problem i den vestlige verden. Spredning av virulens og resistens skjer i hovedsak via gener som er i stand til å overføres fra en resistent bakterie til en som ikke er det. Kunnskapen om enterokokkers genetikk og disse mobile genene ... -
On the path to healing - A qualitative longitudinal study of colorectal cancer patients’ accounts of trajectories to healing in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-18)<p><i>Background:</i> Persons diagnosed with cancer often suffer from long-term illness and have complex needs. Survival rates for cancer are increasing, although survivors’ quality of life may be severely compromised following cancer treatment. The National Cancer Strategy (2018-2022) aims to enhance individual care and quality of life for Norwegian cancer patients. In the past decade, person-centered ... -
Optimising breast reconstruction. A clinical study on autologous breast reconstruction
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-06-03)Denne avhandlingen omhandler metoder for å optimalisere utfallet av brystrekonstruksjon ved bruk av kroppseget vev. Det første delarbeidet beskriver en kirurgisk teknikk som kombinerer to lapper fra henholdsvis buken (DIEP og TRAM lapper) og ytre deler av brystkassen (LICAP lapp) for å oppnå større volum og penere fasong på det rekonstruerte brystet hos kvinner med lite overskuddsvev på buken. LICAP ... -
Optimising drug therapy in older patients. Exploring different approaches across the patient pathway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-12-14)<p><i>Background -</i> Drug therapy contributes to healthy aging but has a key duality: It prolongs and can improve quality of life, but drugs can also cause serious harm. Harm from drugs include falls, cognitive decline, lowered quality of life, hospitalisation, and death. Older patients are especially at risk for harm from drug therapy, therefore optimising drug therapy is imperative for this ... -
Optimizing medication therapy in older hospitalized patients. Identifying potentially inappropriate medications and testing an interdisciplinary intervention
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-08-26)The overall aim of this thesis is to provide knowledge on potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in hospitalized older patients and to investigate how clinical pharmacist services in an interdisciplinary setting can contribute to medication optimization and improve patient outcomes. First, we used national health registers to investigate how admissions to Norwegian geriatric hospital wards ... -
Oral health among children in the Barents region: study on determinants of child’s oral health, their oral related quality of life and quality of dental care
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-05-15)In most industrialised countries, children’s and adolescents’ oral health has improved during the past 15 years. This is especially the case in the Nordic and Western European countries. The aim of the present series of studies was to assess the dental status, its determinants and oral health related quality of life in 12-year olds children from two regions in the Barents area, in Northern Norway ... -
Oral health among the indigenous Sámi population. A population-based study on periodontal health, dental caries, and oral health-related quality of life
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-08)<p><i>Background/Aim:</i> The lack of scientific knowledge on oral health in Sámi populations and the regional differences in caries experience among children in Northern Norway has raised the question of whether the high prevalence of oral disease in that geographic area differs by ethnicity. Evidence-based knowledge on oral health conditions in adults in these areas is scarce. The overall objective ... -
Oral health in pregnancy: changes in oral bacterial milieu related to cariogenic bacterial load, oxidative stress and nitric oxide levels in the saliva and their effect on pregnancy outcome
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-09-16)The physiological changes that occur during the pregnancy are known to affect women´s oral health. Pregnant women are more vulnerable to oral diseases when compared to non-pregnant. Better understanding of the relation between changing oral microbial milieu and risk of pregnancy complications and associated mechanisms could help to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. Thus, we aimed to investigate ... -
Oral health in Russian young adults: A study on determinants of dental health, dental anxiety, and oral health-related quality of life in medical and dental students in North-West Russia
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-03-29)<p><i>Background:</i> Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common oral diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. These diseases are highly preventable; therefore any measures that promote oral health (OH) should be implemented at the community and individual level. Although programmes designed to prevent OH problems often focus on children, young adults aged 18-25 years are ... -
Oral health literacy in adult dental patients - A clinical study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-05-13)Oral health literacy encompasses individuals’ capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic oral health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Evidence suggests that limited oral health literacy inhibit patients from getting necessary oral health information, and that communication with dental professionals may be problematic. Various personality traits are also ... -
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Role of the Plasminogen Activation System in Tumour Progression.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-01-30)Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and unpredictable cancer with a high tendency to recur and metastasise. Despite increasing efforts to improved treatment, the 5-year survival rate is still low. We discovered that low expression levels of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) two proteins normally involved in the ... -
Organization and orchestration of male rat sexual behavior
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-09-07)Sexual behavior is innately motivated and rewarding. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms of sexual motivation, copulation, and sexual reward have not been completely unraveled. This thesis gives insight in the structure, organization, and neurobiological orchestration of male rat sexual behavior. The research presented in this thesis demonstrates that a more extensive behavioral annotation ...