• The elephant in the room: article 234 of the Law of the Sea Convention and the Polar Code as an incompletely theorised agreement 

      Bognar, Dorottya (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-31)
      The International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) is a new chapter in the regulation of Arctic shipping. This international legal instrument can affect the interpretation and practice of national coastal State legislation under article 234, the Arctic exception in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Relying on documents ...
    • Russia and the polar marine environment: The negotiation of the environmental protection measures of the mandatory Polar Code 

      Bognar, Dorottya (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-03-26)
      The International Maritime Organization's Polar Code aims at enhancing polar marine environmental protection from vessel‐source pollution. Russia, the largest Arctic coastal State will play an important role in the Code's implementation and further development. This article analyses Russia's positions and decision‐making mode during the negotiations of the Code's environmental measures. Looking at ...
    • Russian Proposals on the Polar Code: Contributing to Common Rules or Furthering State Interests? 

      Bognar, Dorottya (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11)
      The mandatory Polar Code was finally adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in May 2015. The present article examines the role and contribution of the Russian Federation in the decision-making process of the Polar Code through its proposals, in the form of submissions, statements, and oral interventions. The purpose of these proposals is investigated with respect to the safety ...