We demonstrate how to get Hamaker coefficients with an amplitude-modulation AFM operated in standard tapping mode. The Hamaker coefficient is a physical parameter that provides chemical information about the surface of samples. It is based or emerges from van der Waals forces. We use a Cypher scanning probe microscope from Asylum Research to demonstrate the method. The method is based on the research ...

Isfjorden, a broad Arctic fjord in western Spitsbergen, has shown significant changes in hydrography and inflow of Atlantic Water (AW) the last decades that only recently have been observed in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. Variability and trends in this fjord’s climate and circulation are therefore analysed from observational and reanalysis data during 1987 to 2017. Isfjorden experienced a ...

The aim of the current investigation was to examine whether the relative age effect was present within the elitelevel category of international ski jumping and, for the first, time asses the relative age effect at the junior level of international ski jumping. Male and female athletes who placed among the top fifty in the overall World Cup rankings from 1999 to 2019 and the top fifty male and ...

<i>Background</i> - The number of nonagenarian cancer patients (≥ 90 years) is continuously increasing, and radiotherapy is performed in a relevant proportion of patients, as surgery and chemotherapy are often not feasible for these patients. However, the evidence regarding the feasibility and treatment outcomes after radiotherapy for this patient group is very limited.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - All ...

Observation has a long history in kindergarten teachers' education and profession. This research investigates observation as a professional tool in Norwegian kindergartens and as a topic in kindergarten teacher education. Based on a survey among 1311 in-service teachers, kindergarten managers, and pedagogy teachers, this study determines the use of and rationale for observation in kindergarten ...

<ol> <li>Individual heterogeneity in diet and foraging behaviour is common in wild animal populations, and can be a strong determinant of how populations respond to environmental changes. Within populations, variation in foraging behaviour and the occurrence of individual tactics in relation to resources distribution can help explain differences in individual fitness, and ultimately identify important ...

<i>Background</i> - Previous studies show large variations in physical activity (PA) levels among adolescents. However, the number of studies is limited and even fewer studies have assessed PA in adolescents by accelerometer devices. This study aimed to describe accelerometer-measured PA levels in adolescents in a population-based cohort in Northern Norway.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - In 611 students ...

<i>Objectives</i> - Central nervous system depressants (CNSDs) such as opioids, benzodiazepine and Z-hypnotics are commonly used. However, CNSDs may influence cognitive function, especially in older hospitalised patients with comorbidities. The aim was to examine the association between CNSD use and cognitive function in older patients. We assessed global and domain specific cognitive function, among ...

Helse- og miljørisikovurderingen av den genmodifiserte oljerapsen GT73 (EFSA/GMO/NL/2010/87) fra Monsanto Company er utført av Faggruppen for genmodifiserte organismer i Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM). VKM er bedt av Mattilsynet og Direktoratet for naturforvalting om å vurdere helse- og miljørisiko ved en eventuell godkjenning av rapslinjen GT73 til bruk som næringsmiddel.

In preparation for a legal implementation of EU-regulation 1829/2003, the Norwegian Environment Agency (former Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management) has requested the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) to give final opinions on all genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products containing or consisting of GMOs that are authorized in the European Union under Directive 2001/18/EC or ...