In the Arctic, as in many parts of the world, interactions with the natural world are an important part of people's experience and are often recorded in photographs. Emerging methods for automated content analysis of social media data offers opportunities to discover information on cultural ecosystem services from photographs across large samples of people and countries. We analysed over 800 000 ...

The grassland biome supports an enormous diversity of life and includes ecosystems used extensively by humans. Although graminoids lend grasslands their characteristic appearance, forbs are largely responsible for their taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. In terms of abundance, however, forbs often play a subordinate role relative to graminoids. Yet this may be a relatively recent ...

Parallel phenotypic evolution occurs when independent populations evolve similar traits in response to similar selective regimes. However, populations inhabiting similar environments also frequently show some phenotypic differences that result from non-parallel evolution. In this study, we quantified the relative importance of parallel evolution to similar foraging regimes and nonparallel lake-specific ...

The introduction of new hosts into new habitats can bring along hitchhiking parasites, i.e. parasites being introduced with the host. This in particular can be an important dispersal mechanism for autogenic parasites that are otherwise restricted by the natural movement of their fish hosts. In this study, the effect of a local host introduction on the parasite communities of three-spined sticklebacks ...

Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. is host to more than 120 parasite species. Background abundance of these parasite species on adjacent wild hosts determines the infection pressure on cod farmed in open pens. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, 343 cod were collected from 4 locations along the coast of Norway: Øksfjord, Kvarøy, Brønnøysund and Ålesund. Freshly killed wild local cod, wild migratory cod, hatchery-reared ...

The new data on the parasites fauna of the Lake Kronotskoe sympatric charr forms (genus Salvelinus (Nilsson) Richardson, 1836) is presented. Parasites fauna of Bigmouth and Smallmouth charr forms are described for the first time. The information about Longhead charr, Nosed charr and White charr parasites is added. 29 species of parasites from 9 classes were found: Oligohymenophorea, Myxosporåà, ...

Parasitism is a successful life strategy that has evolved independently in several families of vascular plants. The genera Cuscuta and Orobanche represent examples of the two profoundly different groups of parasites: one parasitizing host shoots and the other infecting host roots. In this study, we sequenced and described the overall repertoire of small RNAs from Cuscuta campestris and Orobanche ...

Conspecific brood parasitism is a subtle reproduction tactic often performed by many species. The parasitizing females lay eggs in the nest of another female of the same species, and the hosting female then incubates and raises both her own and the parasite’s offspring. Is it highly discussed why the hosting females allow this parasitism, whether she is able to detect it, or if she receives more ...

I dette studiet ble forekomsten av parasitter hos oppdrettstorsk fra lokaliteter med ulike miljøforhold sammenlignet. Totalt 80 torsk ble undersøkt fordelt på tre lokaliteter i henholdsvis Storfjorden, Balsfjorden og Ørnfjorden i Troms fylke i Nord-Norge i perioden juli/august 2004. På grunn av varierende abiotiske og biotiske forhold ble det forventet å finne ulike forekomster av parasitter hos ...