We present a study on the effect of water temperature on immunization of Atlantic lumpfish. In total, 360 fish were vaccinated with either 50 μl of an oil‐based injection vaccine (VAX), with Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio salmonicida antigens, or PBS. Fish were vaccinated at three different water temperatures, 5°C, 10°C and 15°C, and sorted into six groups (N = 60). Lumpfish were weighed every 3 ...

Adjuvants are used to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response of vaccines. Neutrophils are the first immune cells that arrive at the injection site and can release DNA fibers together with granular proteins, so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), to entrap microbes in a sticky matrix of extracellular chromatin and microbicidal agents. Similar extracellular ...

I studier av strategi er det forsket på sammenhengen mellom strategi og innovasjon. De to begrepene henger tett sammen fordi det handler om hvordan strategisk styring kan tilrettelegge for innovasjon. Endrede økonomiske situasjoner øker behov for en retning i organisasjoner fordi det oppstår knapphet på ressurser. Fokuset i studien ses i sammenheng med strategi og innovasjon og er utvidet til å ...

Traditional tagging techniques are simple and cost-effective, but inferences require recaptures and data on movement/migration are limited to a start and end position at unpredictable intervals. Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) offer other opportunities, as they provide positions at pre-programmed times and collect on-route data, which can be used to describe position, behavior, and habitat ...

This research aimed to explore the value chain of Black tiger shrimp in Cox’sbazar district, Bangladesh. Actors involved in the chain are farmers, wholesalers, commission agents and processors were interviewed by different questionnaires. A total sample size of 48 surveyed households were visited and analyzed for this research. Results showed a map of actors, costs and earnings, employment ...

To mainstream sustainability, we need to understand the value gained from sustainability by users. We apply a user-centred design methodology to develop an agile, iterative, incremental and reflexive process to understand the sustainability value proposition for Lufthansa City Center travel agents. We analyse the failure of sustainability communications within the online platforms used by these ...

Nature-based adventure experiences constitute a significant segment of the tourism industry and understanding consumers’ conceptualisations of value is crucial. The aim of this study is to understand how the perceived value of the climbing experience differs within the climbing community. Interviews with climbers revealed that multiple aspects of the climbing experience are valued, including efficiency, ...

The ocean capacity to store carbon is crucial, and currently absorbs about 25% CO₂ supply to the atmosphere. The ability to store carbon has an economic value, but such estimates are not common for ocean environments, and not yet estimated for the Arctic Ocean. With the severe climatic changes in the Arctic Ocean, impacting sea ice and potentially the vertical carbon transport mechanisms, ...

The high seas provide a variety of ecosystem services that benefit society. There have, however, been few attempts to quantify the human welfare impacts of changes to the delivery of these benefits. We assessed the values of several key ecosystem service benefits derived from protecting ecosystems in the high seas of the Flemish Cap through choice experiments conducted in Canada, Norway, and Scotland. ...

Increasing demand for valuation of ecosystem services has led stated preference methods to be applied to public goods that are increasingly complex and unfamiliar. Traditionally, stated preference surveys were conducted via mail or face-to-face interviews, but over the past two decades internet panels have been used to a larger extent. As we move away from traditional methods of survey administration ...