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Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-03)
An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters and biota into the polar basins, a process which we refer to as borealization. Using a 37-year archive of observations (1981–2017) we demonstrate dramatically contrasting regional responses to atlantification (that part ...
Arctic continental slopes sharp gradients of physical processes affect pelagic and benthic ecosystems.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-20)
Continental slopes – steep regions between the shelf break and abyssal ocean – play key roles in the climatology and ecology of the Arctic Ocean. Here, through review and synthesis, we find that the narrow slope regions contribute to ecosystem functioning disproportionately to the size of the habitat area (∼6% of total Arctic Ocean area). Driven by inflows of sub-Arctic waters and steered by topography, ...
Sympagic fauna in and under Arctic pack ice in the annual sea ice system of the new Arctic Frontiers in Marine Science
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-19)
A strong decline and thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover over the past five decades has been documented. The former multiyear sea-ice system has largely changed to an annual system and with it the dynamics of sea-ice transport across the Arctic Ocean. Less sea ice is reaching the Fram Strait and more ice and ice-transported material is released in the northern Laptev Sea and the central Arctic ...
Changes in Sea-Ice Protist Diversity With Declining Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean From the 1980s to 2010s
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-06)
The large declines in Arctic sea-ice age and extent over the last decades could have altered the diversity of sea-ice associated unicellular eukaryotes (referred to as sea-ice protists). A time series from the Russian ice-drift stations from the 1980s to the 2010s revealed changes in community composition and diversity of sea-ice protists from the Central Arctic Ocean. However, these observations ...
Functional Pattern of Benthic Epifauna in the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Deep Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-26)
Assessment of Arctic deep-sea ecosystem functioning is currently an urgent task considering that ongoing sea-ice reduction opens opportunities for resource exploitation of yet understudied deep-sea regions. We used Biological Trait Analysis to evaluate ecosystem functioning and test if common paradigms for deep-sea fauna apply to benthic epifauna of the deep-sea Arctic Chukchi Borderland (CBL). We ...
Ice-algal carbon supports harp and ringed seal diets in the European Arctic: evidence from fatty acid and stable isotope markers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-30)
Sea-ice declines in the European Arctic have led to substantial changes in marine food webs. To better understand the biological implications of these changes, we quantified the contributions of ice-associated and pelagic carbon sources to the diets of Arctic harp and ringed seals using compound-specific stable isotope ratios of fatty acids in specific primary producer biomarkers derived from sea-ice ...
Arctic coastal benthos long-term responses to perturbations under climate warming: Climate change impact on Arctic benthos
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-31)
<p>Climate warming influences structure and function of Arctic benthic ecosystems. Assessing the response of these systems to perturbations requires long-term studies addressing key ecological processes related to recolonization and succession of species. Based on unique time-series (1980–2017), this study addresses successional patterns of hard-bottom benthos in two fjords in NW Svalbard after a ...
Epibenthic megafauna communities in Northeast Greenland vary across coastal, continental shelf and slope habitats
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-29)
The marine area of Northeast Greenland belongs to the largest national park in the world. Biodiversity assessments and tailored conservation measures often target specific physiographic or oceanographic features of an area for which detailed knowledge on their biological communities is incomplete. This study, therefore, characterizes epibenthic megafauna communities in a priori defined seabed habitats ...
Comparison of functional diversity of two alaskan arctic shelf epibenthic communities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-01)
Alaskan Arctic shelf communities are currently experiencing dramatic changes that will likely affect ecosystem functioning of Arctic marine benthic communities. Here, functional diversity based on biological traits was used to assess differences and similarities in ecosystem functioning between 2 shelf systems that are geographically close but vary in many environmental influences: the Arctic Beaufort ...
What feeds the benthos in the Arctic basins? Assembling a carbon budget for the deep Arctic ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-16)
Half of the Arctic Ocean is deep sea (>1000 m), and this area is currently transitioning from being permanently ice-covered to being seasonally ice-free. Despite these drastic changes, it remains unclear how organisms are distributed in the deep Arctic basins, and particularly what feeds them. Here, we summarize data on auto- and heterotrophic organisms in the benthic, pelagic, and sympagic realm ...