• Challenging Our View of Temporality 

      Ragazzi, Rossella (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
    • Changes in Onset of Vegetation Growth on Svalbard, 2000–2020 

      Karlsen, Stein Rune; Elvebakk, Arve; Tømmervik, Hans; Belda, Santiago; Stendardi, Laura (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-12-15)
      The global temperature is increasing, and this is affecting the vegetation phenology in many parts of the world. The most prominent changes occur at northern latitudes such as our study area, which is Svalbard, located between 76300N and 80500N. A cloud-free time series of MODIS-NDVI data was processed. The dataset was interpolated to daily data during the 2000–2020 period with a 231.65 m pixel ...
    • Characterization of 14 microsatellite markers for Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae) 

      Müller, Eike; Hlavackova, Iva; Svoen, Mildrid Elvik; Alsos, Inger Greve; Eidesen, Pernille Bronken (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-09-08)
      Premise of the study: Fifty candidate microsatellite markers, generated using 454 shotgun sequencing, were tested for the widespread arctic/alpine herb Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae). Methods and Results: Fourteen out of 50 markers resulted in polymorphic products with profiles that enabled interpretation. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, and the expected heterozygosity ...
    • Chertbruddet i Melsvik. Undersøkelse av chertbrudd, utvinningsteknologi og bosetningsspor fra tidlig eldre steinalder i Melsvik, Alta k., Finnmark f. 

      Niemi, Anja Roth; Cerbing, Mikael; Nergaard, Ragnhild Holten; Oppvang, Janne; Storemyr, Per (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2019)
      I 2012-2013 ble et chertbrudd fra steinalderen undersøkt utenfor Alta i Finnmark. Undersøkelsen omfattet 1000 m2 av steinbruddet, og 3500 m2 av bosetingsområdene som lå like ved. I tillegg til utgravning ble det gjort eksperimenter med utvinning av chert i bruddet. Resultatene viser at bruddet ble brukt allerede 8400 f.Kr., og at fyrsetting var den viktigste metoden for å bryte chert fra berget. ...
    • Choices and omissions of knowledge and social impact in Finnish committee reports on Sámi policies 

      Nyyssönen, Jukka (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2021)
      In Finland, the involvement of scholars in politics has been particularly strong: scholars and professors have occupied positions in high politics, produced research that was meant as a direct comment on topical political debates, and been active in civil society (Häggman, 2012). In addition to advising high politics and acting in civil society, the Finnish committee institution, a third emerging ...
    • The Church, Pietist Mission and The Sámi. - An Account of a Northern Norwegian Mission District in the Early Eighteenth Century. 

      Storm, Dikka (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      The indigenous religion of the Sámi population came under strong pressure through the Pietist mission effort, which occurred during the first decades of the 18th century in Denmark-Norway. This study focuses on the complex religious situation in the areas of the Northern Norwegian counties of Nordland and Troms. The study uses a spatial approach to map the positions of the different institutions ...
    • Circumpolar Arctic vegetation: a hierarchic review and roadmap toward an internationally consistent approach to survey, archive and classify tundra plot data 

      Walker, D. A.; Daniels, F.J.A.; Alsos, Inger Greve; Bhatt, U S; Breen, A L; Buchhorn, M; Bultmann, H; Druckenmiller, L A; Edwards, M E; Ehrich, Dorothee; Epstein, Howard E.; Gould, W.A.; Ims, Rolf Anker; Meltofte, H; Raynolds, M. K.; Sibik, J; Talbot, SS; Webber, P. J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-05-10)
      Satellite-derived remote-sensing products are providing a modern circumpolar perspective of Arctic vegetation and its changes, but this new view is dependent on a long heritage of ground-based observations in the Arctic. Several products of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna are key to our current understanding.Wereview aspects of the PanArctic Flora, the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation ...
    • Circumpolar dynamics of a marine top-predator track ocean warming rates. 

      Descamps, Sebastian; Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Barrett, Robert T.; Irons, D.; Merkel, Flemming; Robertson, Gregory J.; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Mallory, Mark L.; Montevecchi, William A.; Boertmann, D.; Artukhin, Yuri; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe; Erikstad, Kjell E.; Gilchrist, H. Grant; Labansen, Aili; Lorentsen, Svein Håkon; Mosbech, Anders; Olsen, Bergur; Petersen, Aevar; Rail, Jean-Francois; Renner, Heather M.; Strøm, H.; Systad, Geir Helge; Wilhelm, Sabina I.; Zelenskaya, Larisa (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-07)
      Global warming is a nonlinear process, and temperature may increase in a stepwise manner. Periods of abrupt warming can trigger persistent changes in the state of ecosystems, also called regime shifts. The responses of organisms to abrupt warming and associated regime shifts can be unlike responses to periods of slow or moderate change. Understanding of nonlinearity in the biological responses to ...
    • Climate change, non-indigenous species and shipping: assessing the risk of species introduction to a high-Arctic archipelago 

      Ware, Christopher; Berge, Jørgen; Sundet, Jan Henry; Kirkpatrick, JB; Coutts, A.D.M.; Jelmert, Anders; Olsen, SM; Floerl, O; Wisz, Mary S.; Alsos, Inger Greve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Aim: Anticipated changes in the global ocean climate will affect the vulnerability of marine ecosystems to the negative effects of non-indigenous species (NIS). In the Arctic, there is a need to better characterize present and future marine biological introduction patterns and processes. We use a vector-based assessment to estimate changes in the vulnerability of a high-Arctic archipelago to marine ...
    • Climate fluctuations and differential survival of bridled and non-bridled Common Guillemots Uria aalge 

      Reiertsen, Tone Kristin; Erikstad, Kjell E; Barrett, Robert T; Sandvik, Hanno; Yoccoz, Nigel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012-06-22)
      Climate fluctuations and its effects on ecological processes are evident in most areas worldwide but whether such climatic effects are induced phenotypic plasticity or whether animals adapt to the new environment through micro‐evolutionary processes is poorly known. In this study we have analyzed long‐term data (22 years) on the relationship between climatic fluctuations and the adult survival of ...
    • Climate-Driven Ichthyoplankton Drift Model Predicts Growth of Top Predator Young 

      Myksvoll, Mari Skuggedal; Erikstad, Kjell E.; Barrett, Robert T.; Sandvik, Hanno; Vikebø, Frode Bendiksen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-11-12)
      Climate variability influences seabird population dynamics in several ways including access to prey near colonies during the critical chick-rearing period. This study addresses breeding success in a Barents Sea colony of common guillemots Uria aalge where trophic conditions vary according to changes in the northward transport of warm Atlantic Water. A drift model was used to simulate interannual ...
    • Clitellate worms (Annelida) in late-glacial and Holocene sedimentary DNA records from the Polar Urals and northern Norway 

      Lammers, Youri; Clarke, Charlotte; Erséus, Christer; Brown, Antony Gavin; Edwards, Mary Elizabeth; Gielly, Ludovic; Haflidason, Haflidi; Mangerud, Jan; Rota, E; Svendsen, John-Inge; Alsos, Inger Greve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-26)
      While there are extensive macro‐ and microfossil records of a range of plants and animals from the Quaternary, earthworms and their close relatives amongst annelids are not preserved as fossils and therefore the knowledge of their past distributions is limited. This lack of fossils means that clitellate worms (Annelida) are currently underused in palaeoecological research, even though they can provide ...
    • Comprehensive coverage of human last meal components revealed by a forensic DNA metabarcoding approach 

      Schneider, Judith; Mas-Carrió, Eduard; Jan, Catherine; Miquel, Christian; Taberlet, Pierre Robert Michel; Michaud, Katarzyna; Fumagalli, Luca (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-23)
      Stomach content analyses are a valuable tool in human forensic science to interpret perimortem events. While the identifcation of food components of plant and animal origin has traditionally been conducted by macro- and microscopical approaches in case of incomplete digestion, molecular methods provide the potential to increase sensitivity and taxonomic resolution. In particular, DNA metabarcoding ...
    • A comprehensive framework for analysis of microRNA sequencing data in metastatic colorectal cancer 

      Høye, Eirik; Fromm, Bastian; Böttger, Paul H.M.; Domanska, Diana; Kristensen, Annette Torgunrud; Lund-Andersen, Christin; Abrahamsen, Torveig Weum; Fretland, Åsmund Avdem; Dagenborg, Vegar Johansen; Lorenz, Susanne; Edwin, Bjørn von Gohren; Hovig, Eivind; Flatmark, Kjersti (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-14)
      Although microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to all hallmarks of cancer, miRNA dysregulation in metastasis remains poorly understood. The aim of this work was to reliably identify miRNAs associated with metastatic progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) using novel and previously published nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) datasets generated from 268 samples of primary (pCRC) and metastatic CRC (mCRC; ...
    • Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa 

      Zamora, Juan Carlos; Svensson, Måns; Kirschner, Roland; Olariaga, Ibai; Ryman, Svengunnar; Parra, Luis Alberto; Geml, József; Rosling, Anna; Adamčík, Slavomír; Ahti, Teuvo; Aime, M. Catherine; Ainsworth, Martyn; Albert, László; Albertó, Edgardo; Altés García, Alberto; Ageev, Dmitry; Agerer, Reinhard; Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña; Ammirati, Joe; Andersson, Harry; Angelini, Claudio; Antonín, Vladimír; Aoki, Takayuki; Aptroot, André; Argaud, Didier; Arguello Sosa, Blanca Imelda; Aronsen, Arne; Arup, Ulf; Asgari, Bita; Assyov, Boris; Atienza, Violeta; Bandini, Ditte; Baptista-Ferreira, João Luís; Baral, Hans-Otto; Baroni, Tim; Barreto, Robert Weingart; Beker, Henry; Bell, Ann; Bellanger, Jean-Michel; Bellù, Francesco; Bemmann, Martin; Bendiksby, Mika; Bendiksen, Egil; Bendiksen, Katriina; Benedek, Lajos; Bérešová-Guttová, Anna; Berger, Franz; Berndt, Reinhard; Bernicchia, Annarosa; Biketova, Alona Yu.; Bizio, Enrico; Bjork, Curtis; Boekhout, Teun; Boertmann, David; Böhning, Tanja; Boittin, Florent; Boluda, Carlos G.; Boomsluiter, Menno W.; Borovička, Jan; Brandrud, Tor Erik; Braun, Uwe; Brodo, Irwin; Bulyonkova, Tatiana; Burdsall Jr., Harold H.; Buyck, Bart; Burgaz, Ana Rosa; Calatayud, Vicent; Callac, Philippe; Campo, Emanuele; Candusso, Massimo; Capoen, Brigitte; Carbó, Joaquim; Carbone, Carbone; Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F.; Castellano, Michael A.; Chen, Jie; Clerc, Philippe; Consiglio, Giovanni; Corriol, Gilles; Courtecuisse, Régis; Crespo, Ana; Cripps, Cathy; Crous, Pedro W.; da Silva, Gladstone Alves; da Silva, Meiriele; Dam, Marjo; Dam, Nico; Dämmrich, Frank; Das, Kanad; Davies, Linda; De Crop, Eske; De Kesel, Andre; De Lange, Ruben; De Madrignac Bonzi, Bárbara; dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E.; Delgat, Lynn; Demoulin, Vincent; Desjardin, Dennis E.; Diederich, Paul; Dima, Bálint; Dios, Maria Martha; Divakar, Pradeep Kumar; Douanla-Meli, Clovis; Douglas, Brian; Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo; Dyer, Paul S.; Eberhardt, Ursula; Ertz, Damien; Esteve-Raventós, Fernando; Etayo Salazar, Javier Angel; Evenson, Vera; Eyssartier, Guillaume; Farkas, Edit; Favre, Alain; Fedosova, Anna G.; Filippa, Mario; Finy, Péter; Flakus, Adam; Fos, Simón; Fournier, Jacques; Fraiture, André; Franchi, Paolo; Franco Molano, Ana Esperanza; Friebes, Gernot; Frisch, Andreas; Fryday, Alan; Furci, Giuliana; Galán Márquez, Ricardo; Garbelotto, Matteo; García-Martín, Joaquina María; García Otálora, Mónica A.; García Sánchez, Dania; Gardiennet, Alain; Garnica, Sigisfredo; Garrido Benavent, Isaac; Gates, Genevieve; Gerlach, Alice Cruz Lima da; Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh; Gibertoni, Tatiana B.; Grebenc, Tine; Greilhuber, Irmgard; Grishkan, Bella; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Grube, Martin; Gruhn, Gérald; Gueidan, Cécile; Gulden, Gro; Gusmão, Luis F. P.; Hafellner, Josef; Hairaud, Michel; Halama, Marek; Hallenberg, Nils; Halling, Roy E.; Hansen, Karen; Harder, Christoffer Bugge; Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob; Helleman, Stip; Henriot, Alain; Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita; Herve, Raphaël; Hobart, Caroline; Hoffmeister, Mascha; Høiland, Klaus; Holec, Jan; Holien, Håkon; Hughes, Karen; Hubka, Vit; Huhtinen, Seppo; Ivančević, Boris; Jagers, Marian; Jaklitsch, Walter; Jansen, AnnaElise; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard; Jeppson, Mikael; Johnston, Peter; Jørgensen, Per Magnus; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Kalinina, Liudmila B.; Kantvilas, Gintaras; Karadelev, Mitko; Kasuya, Taiga; Kautmanová, Ivona; Kerrigan, Richard W.; Kirchmair, Martin; Kiyashko, Anna; Knapp, Dániel G.; Knudsen, Henning; Knudsen, Kerry; Knutsson, Tommy; Kolařík, Miroslav; Kõljalg, Urmas; Košuthová, Alica; Koszka, Attila; Kotiranta, Heikki; Kotkova, Vera; Koukol, Ondřej; Kout, Jiří; Kovács, Gábor M.; Kříž, Martin; Kruys, Åsa; Kučera, Viktor; Kudzma, Linas; Kuhar, Francisco; Kukwa, Martin; Kumar, T. K. Arun; Kunca, Vladimír; Kušan, Ivana; Kuyper, Thomas W.; Lado, Carlos; Læssøe, Thomas; Lainé, Patrice; Langer, Ewald; Larsson, Ellen; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Laursen, Gary; Lechat, Christian; Lee, Serena; Lendemer, James C.; Levin, Laura; Lindemann, Uwe; Lindström, Håkan; Liu, Xingzhong; Llarena Hernandez, Regulo Carlos; Llop, Esteve; Locsmándi, Csaba; Lodge, Deborah Jean; Loizides, Michael; Lőkös, László; Luangsa-ard, Jennifer; Lüderitz, Matthias; Lumbsch, Thorsten; Lutz, Matthias; Mahoney, Dan; Malysheva, Ekaterina; Malysheva, Vera; Manimohan, Patinjareveettil; Marin-Felix, Yasmina; Marques, Guilhermina; Martínez-Gil, Rubén; Marson, Guy; Mata, Gerardo; Matheny, P. Brandon; Mathiassen, Geir Harald; Matočec, Neven; Mayrhofer, Helmut; Mehrabi, Mehdi; Melo, Ireneia; Mešić, Armin; Methven, Andrew S.; Miettinen, Otto; Millanes Romero, Ana M.; Miller, Andrew N.; Mitchell, James K.; Moberg, Roland; Moreau, Pierre-Arthur; Moreno, Gabriel; Morozova, Olga; Morte, Asunción; Muggia, Lucia; Muñoz González, Guillermo; Myllys, Leena; Nagy, István; Nagy, László G.; Neves, Maria Alice; Niemelä, Tuomo; Nimis, Pier Luigi; Niveiro, Nicolas; Noordeloos, Machiel E.; Nordin, Anders; Noumeur, Sara Raouia; Novozhilov, Yuri; Nuytinck, Jorinde; Ohenoja, Esteri; Oliveira Fiuza, Patricia; Orange, Alan; Ordynets, Alexander; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Pacheco, Leticia; Pál-Fám, Ferenc; Palacio, Melissa; Palice, Zdeněk; Papp, Viktor; Pärtel, Kadri; Pawlowska, Julia; Paz, Aurelia; Peintner, Ursula; Pennycook, Shaun; Pereira, Olinto Liparini; Pérez Daniëls, Pablo; Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Miquel À.; Pérez del Amo, Carlos Manuel; Pérez Gorjón, Sergio; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Pérez-Vargas, Israel; Perry, Brian A.; Petersen, Jens H.; Petersen, Ronald H.; Pfister, Donald H.; Phukhamsakda, Chayanard; Piątek, Marcin; Piepenbring, Meike; Pino-Bodas, Raquel; Pinzón Esquivel, Juan Pablo; Pirot, Paul; Popov, Eugene S.; Popoff, Orlando; Prieto Álvaro, María; Printzen, Christian; Psurtseva, Nadezhda; Purahong, Witoon; Quijada, Luis; Rambold, Gerhard; Ramírez, Natalia A.; Raja, Huzefa; Raspé, Olivier; Raymundo, Tania; Réblová, Martina; Rebriev, Yury A.; Reyes García, Juan de Dios; Ribes Ripoll, Miguel Ángel; Richard, Franck; Richardson, Mike J.; Rico, Víctor J.; Robledo, Gerardo Lucio; Rodrigues Barbosa, Flavia; Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina; Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela; Ronikier, Anna; Rubio Casas, Luis; Rusevska, Katerina; Saar, Günter; Saar, Irja; Salcedo, Isabel; Salcedo Martínez, Sergio M.; Salvador Montoya, Carlos A.; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Sandoval-Sierra, J. Vladimir; Santamaria, Sergi; Santana Monteiro, Josiane; Schroers, Hans Josef; Schulz, Barbara; Schmidt-Stohn, Geert; Schumacher, Trond; Senn-Irlet, Beatrice; Ševčíková, Hana; Shchepin, Oleg; Shirouzu, Takashi; Shiryaev, Anton; Siepe, Klaus; Sir, Esteban B.; Sohrabi, Mohammad; Soop, Karl; Spirin, Viacheslav; Spribille, Toby; Stadler, Marc; Stalpers, Joost; Stenroos, Soili; Suija, Ave; Sunhede, Stellan; Svantesson, Sten; Svensson, Sigvard; Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu.; Świerkosz, Krzysztof; Tamm, Heidi; Taskin, Hatira; Taudière, Adrien; Tedebrand, Jan-Olof; Lahoz, Raúl Tena; Temina, Marina; Thell, Arne; Thines, Marco; Thor, Göran; Thüs, Holger; Tibell, Leif; Tibell, Sanja; Timdal, Einar; Tkalčec, Zdenko; Tønsberg, Tor; Trichies, Gérard; Triebel, Dagmar; Tsurykau, Andrei; Tulloss, Rodham E.; Tuovinen, Veera; Ulloa Sosa, Miguel; Urcelay, Carlos; Valade, François; Valenzuela Garza, Ricardo; van den Boom, Pieter; Van Vooren, Nicolas; Vasco-Palacios, Aida M.; Vauras, Jukka; Velasco Santos, Juan Manuel; Vellinga, Else; Verbeken, Annemieke; Vetlesen, Per; Vizzini, Alfredo; Voglmayr, Hermann; Volobuev, Sergey; von Brackel, Wolfgang; Voronina, Elena; Walther, Grit; Watling, Roy; Weber, Evi; Wedin, Mats; Weholt, Øyvind; Westberg, Martin; Yurchenko, Eugene; Zehnálek, Petr; Zhang, Huang; Zhurbenko, Mikhail P.; Ekman, Stefan (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-24)
      Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, ...
    • A cosmopolitan, Sami-friendly scholar? Väinö Tanner on the best way to treat the Sami 

      Nyyssönen, Jukka (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      The topic of this article is Väinö Tanner’s views on Sami policies, which are searched from numerous contexts, including his personal career and Nordic Sami policies. Also the discur-sive resources, which he re-produced, are charted. Of the contemporaneous Sami policies, he ad-vocated the Swedish variant, which suited better his agendas in his scholarly production on the Skolt Sami. The origin of ...
    • Cross-sectional associations between prevalent vertebral fracture and pulmonary function. The sixth Tromso Study 

      Morseth, Bente; Melbye, Hasse; Waterloo, Svanhild Haugnes; Thomassen, Marte Renate; Risberg, Marijke Jongsma; Emaus, Nina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Persons with vertebral fracture may have reduced pulmonary function, but this association has not been much studied. The aim of this cross-sectional study was therefore to examine the relationship between vertebral fracture and pulmonary function in a general, elderly population. Vertebral morphometry was used for vertebral fracture assessment in 2132 elderly men (n = 892) and women (n = 1240) aged ...
    • Current State of DNA Barcoding of Sciaroidea (Diptera)— Highlighting the Need to Build the Reference Library 

      Kjærandsen, Jostein (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-20)
      first_page settings Open AccessReview Current State of DNA Barcoding of Sciaroidea (Diptera)—Highlighting the Need to Build the Reference Library by Jostein Kjærandsen [ORCID] The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway Academic Editor: Muhammad Ashfaq Insects 2022, 13(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects130 ...
    • Cut above the Rest: a Multi-disciplinary Study of Two Slate Knives from Forager Contexts in Coastal Norway. 

      Lentfer, Carol; Skandfer, Marianne; Presslee, Samantha; Hagan, Richard; Robson, Harry K.; Damm, Charlotte Brysting (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-04-05)
      Slate was a prominent tool material in the Scandinavian Stone Age.However, details of tool function have relied on morphology and have added littleto our understanding of their role in hunting and processing. Here, wedemonstrate that it is possible to identify both the use-wear traces and residuesfrom slate knives from northern Norway. By applying a multi-disciplinaryapproach incorporating ...
    • Čuđojoganjálbmi - en tidlig metalltidsboplass fra Indre Finnmark - med spor etter opphold i eldre steinalder. 

      Sommerseth, Ingrid (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2014)
      Čuđojoganjálbmi ligger ved kommunegrensen til Kautokeino og Karasjok midt på Finnmarksvidda. Området ligger i en bred elvedal i den sørlige enden av vannet Vuottašjávri like ved riksvei 92, ca 320 m.o.h. Området er preget av tørre morenemoer bevokst med lyng, lav og fjellbjrøk, myr og våtområder ved vannet. Området er sentral for reindrifta og har tidligere vært brukt som ressursområde for ...