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    • Paleoeconomy more than demography determined prehistoric human impact in Arctic Norway 

      Brown, Antony; Rijal, Dilli Prasad; Heintzman, Peter D.; Clarke, Charlotte, L.; Blankholm, Hans Peter; Høeg, Helge I.; Lammers, Youri; Bråthen, Kari Anne; Edwards, M E; Alsos, Inger Greve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-07)
      Population size has increasingly been taken as the driver of past human environmental impact worldwide, and particularly in the Arctic. However, sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), pollen and archaeological data show that over the last 12,000 years, paleoeconomy and culture determined human impacts on the terrestrial ecology of Arctic Norway. The large Mortensnes site complex (Ceavccagea ¯dgi, 70◦N) ...
    • Paleoekolgiska undersökningar i samband med utvidgelse av E8 i Lavangsdalen 

      Sjøgren, Per Johan E (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2013)
      Inför utvidgelsen av E8 i Lavangsdalen identifierades två fredade samiska kulturminneslokaliteter (Sametinget 2011) vilka delvis eller helt skulle förstöras i samband med utbyggningen och krävde vidare undersökningar. Det rörde sig om kulturspår från samisk renskötsel vilket i första hand gav sig uttryck som förändringar i dagens vegetation. För att få en förståelse av hur långt tillbaka i tiden den ...
    • Pannaria crispella comb. nov. and P. campbelliana Hue, two overlooked lichens from New Zealand 

      Elvebakk, Arve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01)
      Psoroma sphinctrinum var. crispellum has been considered a synonym of Pannaria implexa, but it is a distinct species, recombined here as P. crispella. It forms a thin, filmy thallus on tree trunks, and consists of rounded, confluent squamules surrounded by a distinct black prothallus. The apothecia are initially simple with a well-defined central thalline plug. However, the plug soon expands into ...
    • Pannaria microphyllizans (Nyl.) P.M.Jørg. from New Zealand restudied and compared with P. athroophylla (Stirt.) Elvebakk & D.J.Galloway and the three new species Pannaria cassa, P. kantvilasii and P. wrightiorum 

      Elvebakk, Arve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07)
      Pannaria microphyllizans, a previously misunderstood species, is shown here to have gibbose perispores with long-tailed apical extensions, and to lack TLC-detectable chemistry. It is related to P. athroophylla, a species with different phyllidia, a chemistry of isovicanicin and leprolomin, and spores of the same type but differing in several details. The latter has been too widely interpreted in ...
    • Pannaria pyxinoides comb. nov., an overlooked lichen from Northern New Zealand 

      Elvebakk, Arve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2018-07)
      The name <i>Psoroma pyxinoides</i>, which has been considered to be a synonym of <i>Pannaria sphinctrina</i>, is shown here to represent a distinct species, differing from <i>P. sphinctrina</i> by thallus characters and in spore and pycnidium morphology. Those characters indicate a relationship with <i>Pannaria allorhiza</i>. Like the latter species, <i>P. pyxinoides</i> is endemic to northern New ...
    • Paradulichia spinifera gurjanova, 1946 (Amphipoda, dulichiidae), a valid species? 

      Johansen, Per-Otto; Vader, Wim (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-11)
      Examination of Paradulichia-material collected from the Barents Sea during the Mareano cruises indicated that there are clear morphological differences between Paradulichia typica Boeck, 1871 from the Hardangerfjord, W. Norway and Paradulichia spinifera Gurjanova, 1946 from the Arctic. Based on our material and the original descriptions, these differences are the acute ventral parts of the body ...
    • Past Arctic aliens have passed away, current ones may stay 

      Alsos, Inger Greve; Ware, Christopher; Elven, Reidar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-07-04)
      Increased human activity and climate change are expected to increase the numbers and impact of alien species in the Arctic, but knowledge of alien species is poor in most Arctic regions. Through field investigations over the last 10 years, and review of alien vascular plant records for the high Arctic Archipelago Svalbard over the past 130 years, we explored long term trends in persistence and ...
    • Pestplanten tromsøsvineblom Jacobaea alpina x subalpina i Norge - opphav og status 

      Alm, Torbjørn; Deschamps, Amandine Maria; Often, Anders (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      Jacobaea alpina (syn. Senecio alpinus, S. cordatus ) and J. subalpina (syn. Senecio subalpinus ) are native to the mountains of Central Europe. Both were cultivated as ornamentals in late 19th century Tromsø. From the early 1990’s onwards, numerous Jacobaea stands have been noticed outside gardens, in particular at Tromsø, but extending from Lenvik in central Troms northwards ...
    • Petter Dass: "Du skal ikke slå i hjel" - En folkemelodi med livskraft gjennom flere århundrer. 

      Graff, Ola (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      In this article I will analyse the variants of the melody used for the song Petter Dass wrote around 1690 about the 5th commandment. There exist about 100 variants of this melody in different archives in Norway, but not in Sweden or Denmark. It is possible to follow the melody in oral tradition through the 19th and 18th centuries. We don’t know if the melody dates back to Petter Dass himself, ...
    • Plant biodiversity assessment through soil eDNA reflects temporal and local diversity 

      Ariza Salazar, Maria; Fouks, Bertrand; Mauvisseau, Quentin; Halvorsen, Rune; Alsos, Inger Greve; de Boer, Hugo (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-12)
      1. Several studies have shown the potential of eDNA-based proxies for plant identification, but little is known about their spatial and temporal resolution. This limits its use for plant biodiversity assessments and monitoring of vegetation responses to environmental changes. Here we calibrate the temporal and spatial plant signals detected with soil eDNA surveys by comparing with a standard visual ...
    • Plant DNA in sediments: to which degree do they represent the flora? 

      Alsos, Inger Greve; Coissac, Eric; Edwards, Mary E.; Merkel, Marie Kristine Føreid; Gielly, Ludovic; Sjögren, Per; Taberlet, Pierre; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2015-05)
    • Plant DNA metabarcoding of lake sediments: How does it represent the contemporary vegetation 

      Alsos, Inger Greve; Lammers, Youri; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Jørgensen, Tina; Sjögren, Per; Gielly, Ludovic; Edwards, Mary E. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-17)
      Metabarcoding of lake sediments have been shown to reveal current and past biodiversity, but little is known about the degree to which taxa growing in the vegetation are represented in environmental DNA (eDNA) records. We analysed composition of lake and catchment vegetation and vascular plant eDNA at 11 lakes in northern Norway. Out of 489 records of taxa growing within 2 m from the lake shore, ...
    • Plant species introduced by foreigners according to folk tradition in Norway and some other European countries: Xenophobic tales or not? 

      Alm, Torbjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-05)
      Background In their quest to understand and interpret nature, people have frequently sought religious or divine origins for plant species and their characteristics. Less often, historical events or persons are involved. This study comprises eleven cases of the latter kind, all claiming that plant species have been introduced by foreigners or at least from foreign lands. Methods Based on literature ...
    • Polare maskuliniteter 

      Hauan, Marit Anne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      In this paper my aim is to read and understand the journal of Gerrit de Veer from the last journey of William Barents to the Arctic Regions in 1596 and the journal of captain Junge on his hunting trip from Tromsø to Svalbard in 1834.It is nearly 240 years between this to voyages. The first journal is known as the earliest report from the arctic era. Gerrit de Veer adds instructive copper engravings ...
    • Pollen, macrofossils and sedaDNA reveal climate and land use impacts on Holocene mountain vegetation of the Lepontine Alps, Italy 

      van Vugt, Lieveke; Garces Pastor, Sandra; Gobet, Erika; Brechbühl, Sarah; Knetge, Antonietta; Lammers, Youri; Stengele, Katja; Alsos, Inger Greve; Tinner, Willy; Schwörer, Christoph (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-10)
      Both climate change and anthropogenic disturbance affect vegetation composition, but it is difficult to separate these drivers of vegetation change from one another. A better understanding of past vegetation dynamics is necessary to disentangle the influence of different forcing factors and assess future vegetation change. Here we present the first multi-proxy palaeoecological study combining ...
    • Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation 

      Günther, Torsten; Malmström, Helena; Svensson, Emma M.; Omrak, Ayça; Sánchez-Quinto, Frederico; Kılınç, Gülşah M.; Krzewinska, Maja; Eriksson, Gunilla; Fraser, Magdalena; Edlund, Hanna; Munteres, Arielle R.; Coutinho, Alexandra; Simões, Luciana G.; Vicente, Mário; Sjölander, Anders; Sellevold, Berit J.; Jørgensen, Roger; Claes, Peter; Shriver, Mark D.; Valdiosera, Cristina; Netea, Mihai G.; Apel, Jan; Lidén, Kerstin Birgitta; Skar, Birgitte; Storå, Jan; Götherström, Anders; Jakobsson, Mattias (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-09)
      Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57× coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500–6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the ...
    • Population status, breeding biology and diet of Norwegian Great Cormorants 

      Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Barrett, Robert; Systad, Geir Helge Rødli (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-01)
      Two subspecies of the Great Cormorant breed in Norway, the continental Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in the south, along the Skagerrak coast, and the marine P. c. carbo from central Norway and northwards. Here we review the information existing until 2017 on population status and trends, breeding performance and diet of these two subspecies in Norway. The most recent national population estimates are ...
    • Postglacial species arrival and diversity buildup of northern ecosystems took millennia 

      Alsos, Inger Greve; Rijal, Dilli Prasad; Ehrich, Dorothee; Karger, Dirk Nikolaus; Yoccoz, Nigel; Heintzman, Peter D.; Brown, Antony; Lammers, Youri; Pellissier, Loïc; Alm, Torbjørn; Bråthen, Kari Anne; Coissac, Eric; Merkel, Marie Føreid; Alberti, Adriana; Denoeud, France; Bakke, Jostein (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-28)
      What drives ecosystem buildup, diversity, and stability? We assess species arrival and ecosystem changes across 16 millennia by combining regional-scale plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Fennoscandia with near-complete DNA and trait databases. We show that postglacial arrival time varies within and between plant growth forms. Further, arrival times were mainly predicted by adaptation to temperature, ...
    • The potential of shoreline and shallow submerged Iron Age and Medieval archaeological sites in the Lofoten Islands, northern Norway 

      Wickler, Stephen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      The Lofoten-Vesterålen archipelago (67°30’ - 69°30’N) is a chain of mountainous islands dissected by cirques, glacial valleys, and fjords that extends from northeast to southwest into the Norwegian Sea (Figure 1). Vesterålen is the northerly chain of islands and the seven islands of Lofoten lie to the south. The climate of Lofoten is mild despite this high latitude location. Temperatures ...