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norskBlar i forfatter Norges arktiske universitetsmuseum "Shapiro, Beth"
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Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-10)The Bering Land Bridge (BLB) last connected Eurasia and North America during the Late Pleistocene. Although the BLB would have enabled transfers of terrestrial biota in both directions, it also acted as an ecological filter whose permeability varied considerably over time. Here we explore the possible impacts of this ecological corridor on genetic diversity within, and connectivity among, populations ... -
Genomic Evidence of Widespread Admixture from Polar Bears into Brown Bears during the Last Ice Age
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2018-02-20)Recent genomic analyses have provided substantial evidence for past periods of gene flow from polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) into Alaskan brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>), with some analyses suggesting a link between climate change and genomic introgression. However, because it has mainly been possible to sample bears from the present day, the timing, frequency, and evolutionary significance ... -
Million-year-old DNA sheds light on the genomic history of mammoths
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-17)Temporal genomic data hold great potential for studying evolutionary processes such as speciation. However, sampling across speciation events would, in many cases, require genomic time series that stretch well back into the Early Pleistocene subepoch. Although theoretical models suggest that DNA should survive on this timescale1, the oldest genomic data recovered so far are from a horse specimen ... -
Minimizing polymerase biases in metabarcoding
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-24)DNA metabarcoding is an increasingly popular method to characterize and quantify biodiversity in environmental samples. Metabarcoding approaches simultaneously amplify a short, variable genomic region, or “barcode,” from a broad taxonomic group via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using universal primers that anneal to flanking conserved regions. Results of these experiments are reported as ... -
Natural selection shaped the rise and fall of passenger pigeon genomic diversity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-17)The extinct passenger pigeon was once the most abundant bird in North America, and possibly the world. Although theory predicts that large populations will be more genetically diverse, passenger pigeon genetic diversity was surprisingly low. To investigate this disconnect, we analyzed 41 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear genomes from passenger pigeons and 2 genomes from band-tailed pigeons, which are ... -
A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-28)The extinct ‘New World stilt-legged’, or NWSL, equids constitute a perplexing group of Pleistocene horses endemic to North America. Their slender distal limb bones resemble those of Asiatic asses, such as the Persian onager. Previous palaeogenetic studies, however, have suggested a closer relationship to caballine horses than to Asiatic asses. Here, we report complete mitochondrial and partial nuclear ...
