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dc.contributor.authorNymo, Ingebjørg Helena
dc.contributor.authorSeppola, Marit
dc.contributor.authorSascha, Al Dahouk
dc.contributor.authorBakkemo, Katrine Ryvold Arnesen
dc.contributor.authorJiménez de Bagüés, María Pilar
dc.contributor.authorGodfroid, Jacques
dc.contributor.authorLarsen, Anett Kristin
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-14T09:11:18Z
dc.date.available2017-03-14T09:11:18Z
dc.date.issued2016-07-14
dc.description.abstractPathology has not been observed in true seals infected with Brucella pinnipedialis. A lack of intracellular survival and multiplication of B. pinnipedialis in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) macrophages in vitro indicates a lack of chronic infection in hooded seals. Both epidemiology and bacteriological patterns in the hooded seal point to a transient infection of environmental origin, possibly through the food chain. To analyse the potential role of fish in the transmission of B. pinnipedialis, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were injected intraperitoneally with 7.5 x 107 bacteria of a hooded seal field isolate. Samples of blood, liver, spleen, muscle, heart, head kidney, female gonads and feces were collected on days 1, 7, 14 and 28 post infection to assess the bacterial load, and to determine the expression of immune genes and the specific antibody response. Challenged fish showed an extended period of bacteremia through day 14 and viable bacteria were observed in all organs sampled, except muscle, until day 28. Neither gross lesions nor mortality were recorded. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected from day 14 onwards and the expression of hepcidin, cathelicidin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and interferon (IFN)-γ genes were significantly increased in spleen at day 1 and 28. Primary mononuclear cells isolated from head kidneys of Atlantic cod were exposed to B. pinnipedialis reference (NCTC 12890) and hooded seal (17a-1) strain. Both bacterial strains invaded mononuclear cells and survived intracellularly without any major reduction in bacterial counts for at least 48 hours. Our study shows that the B. pinnipedialis strain isolated from hooded seal survives in Atlantic cod, and suggests that Atlantic cod could play a role in the transmission of B. pinnipedialis to hooded seals in the wild.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAcknowledgements: We would like to thank R. I. Hansen and the staff at the Tromsø Aquaculture Research Station, Kårvika, Norway for advice and daily maintenance of the fish. E. M. Breines and E. Hareide, Research Group for Arctic Infection Biology, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, are thanked for excellent laboratory assistance and S. Hansen, Programmer Up North, Tromsø, for graphical assistance. We would also like to thank Prof. Malcolm Jobling, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, for comments and suggestions for improvement of the English language presentation.en_US
dc.descriptionLink to publishers version: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159272en_US
dc.identifier.citationNymo IH, Seppola M, Sascha, Bakkemo KRA, Jiménez de Bagüés MP, Godfroid J, Larsen AK. Experimental challenge of atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with a brucella pinnipedialis strain from hooded seal (Cystophora cristata). PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7)en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1370177
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0159272
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10623
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPLOSen_US
dc.relation.journalPLoS ONE
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900en_US
dc.titleExperimental challenge of atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with a brucella pinnipedialis strain from hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)en_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal article
dc.typeTidsskriftsartikkel


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