Accurate prediction of emission energies with TD-DFT methods for platinum and iridium OLED materials

Abstract

Accurate prediction of triplet excitation energies for transition metal complexes has proven to be a difficult task when confronted with a variety of metal centers and ligand types. Specifically, phosphorescent transition metal light emitters, typically based on iridium or platinum, often give calculated results of varying accuracy when compared to experimentally determined T1 emission values. Developing a computational protocol for reliably calculating OLED emission energies will allow for the prediction of a complex’s color prior to synthesis, saving time and resources in the laboratory. A comprehensive investigation into the dependence of the DFT functional, basis set, and solvent model is presented here, with the aim of identifying an accurate method while remaining computationally cost-effective. A protocol that uses TDDFT excitation energies on ground-state geometries was used to predict triplet emission values of 34 experimentally characterized complexes, using a combination of gas phase B3LYP/ LANL2dz fo r optimization and B3LYP/CEP -31G/ PCM(THF) for excitation energies. Results show excellent correlation with experimental emission values of iridium and platinum complexes for a wide range of emission energies. The set of complexes tested includes neutral and charged complexes, as well as a variety of different ligand types.