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norskArtikler, rapporter og annet (Norges fiskerihøgskole): Recent submissions
Now showing items 681-700 of 931
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Molecular gut content analysis of different spider body parts
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-30)Molecular gut-content analysis has revolutionized the study of food webs and feeding interactions, allowing the detection of prey DNA within the gut of many organisms. However, successful prey detection is a challenging procedure in which many factors affect every step, starting from the DNA extraction process. Spiders are liquid feeders with branched gut diverticula extending into their legs and ... -
Sequential codend improves quality of trawlcaught cod
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-10)Trawl-caught fish are frequently associated with deteriorated catch quality. This study presents a new dual sequential codend concept with the aim of improving the quality of trawl-caught fish by minimizing the frequency and severity of catch damage. During towing, the fish are retained in an anterior codend segment with the legislated mesh size. A quality improving codend segment, is attached to ... -
The risk of development of antimicrobial resistance with the use of coccidiostats in poultry diets. Opinion of the Panel on Animal Feed of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2015-12-14)Antimikrobielle midler har revolusjonert medisinen i det 20. århundre ved å gi effektiv behandling mot infeksjonssykdommer. Mikroorganismer har imidlertid evnen til å utvikle reistens mot slike stoffer. Bruk av antimikrobielle midler bidrar til utvikling av resistente stammer. Det er viktig å forsøke å hindre resistens mot antimikrobielle stoffer som vi er avhengige av for behandling av smittsomme ... -
Risk assessment of radioactivity in Food. Opinion of the Scientific Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, VKM report 2017:25
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2017-08-23)Since 1986, the management of radioactive contamination in food and feed in Norway has been driven mainly by the Chernobyl Disaster follow-up. Monitoring and countermeasures are still in place to reduce the exposure to the population. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority is in the process of revising the maximum levels (MLs) for radioactive substances in drinking water and food and establishing ... -
Antimicrobial peptides in echinoderm host defense
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-11-06)Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. Here we briefly summarize characteristic traits of AMPs and their mechanisms of antimicrobial activity. Echinoderms live in a microbe-rich marine environment and are known to express a wide range of AMPs. We address two novel AMP families from coelomocytes of sea urchins: cysteine-rich AMPs (strongylocins) and ... -
Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur isotopic fractionation in captive juvenile hooded seal (Cystophora cristata): application for diet analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-15)<p><i>Rationale</i>: Intrinsic biogeochemical markers, such as stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, are increasingly used to trace the trophic ecology of marine top predators. However, insufficient knowledge of fractionation processes in tissues continues to hamper the use of these markers.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We performed a controlled feeding experiment with eight juvenile ... -
Isolation and Synthesis of Pulmonarins A and B, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from the Colonial Ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-02-14)Pulmonarins A and B are two new dibrominated marine acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that were isolated and characterized from the sub-Arctic ascidian <i>Synoicum pulmonaria</i> collected off the Norwegian coast. The structures of natural pulmonarins A and B were tentatively elucidated by spectroscopic methods and later verified by comparison with synthetically prepared material. Both pulmonarins A ... -
Assessing the added value of the recent declaration on unregulated fishing for sustainable governance of the central Arctic Ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-01-21)The ‘Declaration concerning the prevention of unregulated high seas fishing in the central Arctic Ocean’ signed by the Arctic 5 nations, limits unregulated high seas fishing in the central part of the Arctic Ocean, and holds potential social, economic and political impacts for numerous stakeholders. In this paper, the four Interim Measures in the Declaration are discussed and what value these measures ... -
Peptide from sea anemone metridium senile affects transient receptor potential ankyrin-repeat 1 (TRPA1) function and produces analgesic effect
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-01-11)The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-repeat 1 (TRPA1) is an important player in pain and inflammatory pathways. It is a promising target for novel drugs development for treatment of a number of pathological states. A novel peptide producing significant potentiating effect (up to ~90%) on AITC- and diclofenac-induced currents of TRPA1 was isolated from the venom of sea anemone <i>Metridium ... -
A framework for results-based management in fisheries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-30)We present a framework for results-based management (RBM) of commercial fisheries. The core idea of RBM is to reduce micromanagement by delegating management responsibility to resource users. The RBM framework represents an industrial organization approach to co-management and comprises three defining processes, conducted by three independent “agents”: (i) an “authority” defines specific and ... -
Genetic fingerprinting of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) populations in the North-East Atlantic using a random forest classication approach
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-19)Caligid sea lice represent a significant threat to salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Population genetic analyses have consistently shown minimal population genetic structure in North Atlantic <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>, frustrating efforts to track louse populations and improve targeted control measures. The aim of this study was to test the power of reduced representation library sequencing ... -
Building fisheries institutions through collective action in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-16)Institutions, and the collective action that created them and which they enable, can play an important role in poverty eradication. In Norway, the Raw Fish Act passed in 1938 in the aftermath of the international financial crisis that hit the fishing industry hard, and the fishers’ cooperative sales-organizations that it authorized testify to this. Most of all, they helped to empower fishers in their ... -
Synergy as strategy: learning from La Restinga, Canary Islands
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-29)In this paper, we draw attention to the role of synergies in marine conservation and community sustainability. Using marine protected areas (MPAs) as examples, we argue that MPAs that are carefully designed to fit the existing social systems can be instrumental in synergy building and fostering community development. Such synergy creation is an essential governance strategy that helps enhance ... -
Characterization of Rhamnolipids Produced by an Arctic Marine Bacterium from the Pseudomonas fluorescence Group
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-14)The marine environment is a rich source of biodiversity, including microorganisms that have proven to be prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Arctic seas are less explored than warmer, more accessible areas, providing a promising starting point to search for novel bioactive compounds. In the present work, an Arctic marine Pseudomonas sp. belonging to the Pseudomonas (P.) fluorescence ... -
Influence of soak time on catch performance of commercial creels targeting Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in the Mediterranean Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-13)Creel catch performance is known to be affected by the soak time in many fisheries. If creels maintained their efficiency over longer periods, increase in soak time should lead to proportional increase in catch quantity. However, the exact shape of this relationship is unknown for creel fisheries targeting Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). If it was known fishermen could adjust their fishing ... -
Anti-Cancer Potential of Homemade Fresh Garlic Extract Is Related to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-05)The use of garlic and garlic-based extracts has been linked to decreased incidence of cancer in epidemiological studies. Here we examine the molecular and cellular activities of a simple homemade ethanol-based garlic extract (GE). We show that GE inhibits growth of several different cancer cells in vitro, as well as cancer growth in vivo in a syngeneic orthotopic breast cancer model. Multiple myeloma ... -
Size selection of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Norwegian bottom trawl fishery with a newly developed double grid system
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017)Greenland halibut (<i>Reinhardtius hippoglossoides</i>) is a commercially important species in the northeast Atlantic trawl fishery. However, direct fishing for it is not allowed and it can only be harvested as bycatch. We investigated for the first time the size selection of Greenland halibut in a newly developed double steel grid system designed for the cod and haddock bottom trawl fishery. In ... -
Effect of Bait Type and Bait Size on Catch Efficiency in the European Hake Merluccius merluccius Longline Fishery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-21)We investigated the effect of bait type and bait size on the catch ef fi ciency of a demersal longline fi shery targeting European Hake Merluccius merluccius in the North Sea. Automation of the labor-intensive processes onboard fi shing vessels requires fi nding alternatives to the traditional bait used in the fi shery (i.e., whole European Pilchard Sardina pilchardus ). Of the six ... -
The effect of algae diets (Skeletonema costatum and Rhodomonas baltica) on the biochemical composition and sensory characteristics of Pacific cupped oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during land-based refinement
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-20)<p>Oyster refinement, a common practice in France, is aimed at increasing the weight of oyster tissue and influencing the taste properties of the refined oysters. Refinement usually takes place in land-based systems where the oysters are fed with relatively high concentrations of microalgae. In this study the impact of feeding <i>Skeletonema costatum</i> and <i>Rhodomonas baltica</i> on the biochemical ... -
Parasitism and the Biodiversity-Functioning Relationship
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-15)Species interactions can influence ecosystem functioning by enhancing or suppressing the activities of species that drive ecosystem processes, or by causing changes in biodiversity. However, one important class of species interactions – parasitism – has been little considered in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BD-EF) research. Parasites might increase or decrease ecosystem processes by ...
