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norskMastergradsoppgaver i folkehelsevitenskap: Recent submissions
Now showing items 41-60 of 199
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The association between smoking and the risk of pancreatic cancer - The Norwegian women and cancer (NOWAC) study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-31)Aims To examine the strength of association between cigarette smoking and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a cohort of Norwegian women. Methods A total of 149,243 women from Norwegian Women and Cancer Study were included in the statistical analysis. The participants were followed using the Cancer Registry of Norway and Norwegian Central Population Register till they were diagnosed with cancer, ... -
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in relation to iron status in a Norwegian adolescent population
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-29)Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) needs iron to survive and replicate and has evolved systems to harvest iron from its host. In humans, excess iron could potentially increase the risk of S. aureus carriage and infections. Moreover, iron plays a vital role in the development and function of the host immune system. Adolescence is a growth spurt period with increased iron requirements. The aim of this ... -
The associations of alcohol consumption with smoking cessation and weight change
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-27)Alcohol consumption, overweight and smoking are associated with premature mortality. These behaviors tend to co-occur and often differ between different socioeconomic groups. Previous studies have indicated a reversed social gradient in total alcohol consumption. The main purpose of this repeated-measures study was to investigate the social gradient in total alcohol consumption and its relationship ... -
Oral contraceptive use and risk of mortality among Norwegian women – a prospective study from the NOWAC study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-12-01)Millions of women are dependent on the use of oral contraceptives in order to have a more meaningful life and a general sense of well-being. These benefits make oral contraceptives one of the most prescribed medications among women. However, while there is established evidence on the short-term effects of oral contraceptive use, there are conflicting reports on the long-term risk of oral contraceptive ... -
Association between unrecognized myocardial infarction and self-reported health in the Russian population aged 35-69 years
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-11-27)The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is reportedly high in Russia; this thesis focuses on the prevalence of unrecognized myocardial infarction and self-reported health (mental health and physical health) as well as the association between both variables using data from the know your heart study. This survey is a cross sectional study from two Russian cities- Novosibirsk and Arkhangelsk (2015-2018). ... -
The prevalence and determinants of Polypharmacy in middle-aged population of two Russian cities.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-11-30)Introduction: Polypharmacy has been a global threat these days and raised a question about its determinants. Differences in socioeconomic conditions, comorbid conditions, healthcare services use of individuals were expected to be related to Polypharmacy. Populations with cardiovascular diseases are more likely to be on multiple medications. However, no studies investigated the effects of socioeconomic ... -
The mediating impact of lifestyle factors in the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-reported health in a Norwegian cohort of women
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)Introduction: Information on self-reported health (SRH) with a simple question on “How do you rate your health?” provides sufficient information to be a reasonable proxy of health. Socioeconomic inequalities in health are often monitored via SRH. Individuals with better socioeconomic status (SES) more likely to rate their SRH as good. The part of the effect of SES (income level and education) operates ... -
Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibre: Prevalence and its Association with Ocular and Systemic Parameters in Tromsø.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-11-30)Background: Myelinated retinal nerve fibres (MRNFs) are congenital anomalies of the fundus that occur in about 1% of the population. Clinically, they appear as grey or white well-separated patches with feathery borders along the retinal nerve fibre layer. MRNF has been reported to occur in association with some ocular parameters as well as stroke. However, most cases of MRNF occur in isolation and ... -
The educational gradient in intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients in the Tromsø Study 2015-2016
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-05-27)<p>Background: Socioeconomic status is associated with inequalities in health. Unhealthy diet is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and socioeconomic inequalities exists also in diet. <p>Aim: To investigate the relationship between educational level and the intake of total energy, macro- and micronutrients. <p>Participants: 11,302 individuals (40-96 years) from Tromsø, Norway. <p>Methods: ... -
Individualized dietary counseling on nutritional status in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: A systematic review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-07-08)Individualized dietary counseling given with or without oral nutritional supplements, on the outcome of nutritional status, in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, compared to standard routine clinical care, with or without other nutritional interventions: A systematic review. Background: Malnutrition and unintentional weight loss is common in patients with head and neck cancer. ... -
Level of education and HIV viral load suppression in a population under universal anti-retroviral therapy in eSwatini
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-31)<p>Introduction: HIV/AIDS continues to be amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is no approved cure for HIV, but the disease can be managed using Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). If drug adherence of about 95% is achieved, odds for a better clinical outcome increase. The level of education as a marker for many socio- economic status indicators has an impact ... -
Gender differences in the influence of physical activity and non-smoking on risk of heart failure in a general population. A meta-analysis and systematic review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-30)<p>Background and Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a serious disease, which shows poor prognoses and high morbidity in both genders. This results in enormous challenges for caregivers, researchers, and policy makers in addition to suffering of affected person and his or her family. There is some controversy regarding the association between life style factors and the incidence of HF in men and ... -
Is there a different effect of excess body weight on cancer risk in type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancer?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-03-12)Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fifth most common type of cancer in women worldwide being responsible for 4.8% of all cancers in women. From large cohort studies there is consistent evidence for a positive association between excess body weight and different cancer types. Women with excess body weight stands out as having a particularly high relative risk for EC. Excess body weight is an ... -
Use of group based trajectory modelling to identify groups based on trajectories obtained for overall number of antibiotics prescription to children age 0-3 years in Norway during year 2004 to 2017
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)Bacterial infection occur frequently in children. In 2015 more than 900,000 children below 5 years were killed due to respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Early life onset and prolonged use of antibiotics in children can leads to health complications later in life. Antibiotics prescribing in young children is affected by many factors and identifying these factors can provide an opportunity to develop ... -
Sex-specific associations between oral health and cardiovascular risk profile in the population-based Tromsø Study 7
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-04)Introduction: cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of death in the world. Many studies have linked CVD with periodontitis which is oral inflammatory disease. But those studies didn´t take into consideration the overall oral health as one confounder that can be linked to CVD, not just periodontitis. Objective: the main aim was to study the sex-specific association between variables ... -
Association between diabetes and periodontitis: A cross sectional study based on findings from Tromsø 7 study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-11-30)The 2017 reports published by Diabetesforbundet Norway showed an estimated 378 000 people living with diabetes (28 000 with Type 1 and 350 000 with Type 2). Mealey et al. (2006) showed that diabetes increases the risk for periodontitis, influenced by inflammatory processes. The formation of inflammatory molecules (e.g. Advanced glycation end products) leads to gingival attachment loss, periodontal ... -
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the risk of fatal myocardial infarction among Norwegian women: a prospective cohort
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)<p>Background: In 2015, around 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular disease worldwide, with myocardial infarction being the most common manifestation. Contemporary research suggests that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) interventions have less useful cardiovascular outcomes than previously thought. This study aims to examine the association between n-3 PUFA intake frequency ... -
Self-Medication and Over-The-Counter Dispensing of Antibiotics in Egypt_ Prevalence, Reasons and Outcomes. A systematic review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)<p>Background: The excessive and unwarranted consumption of antibiotics is the leading factor in promoting the spread of antimicrobial resistant (AMR), which is considered to be a potential major threat to global public health and economic growth. Several systematic reviews have been published exploring the pattern of antibiotic use in the Middle East and low-and middle-income countries without ... -
Sosial ulikhet i deltakelse i ferdighetsutviklende organiserte fritidsaktiviteter. Betydningen av familiens sosioøkonomiske status for deltakelse blant ungdom
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-12-01)Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Sosial ulikhet er et økende problem i Norge. Organiserte fritidsaktiviteter er en verdifull mestringsarena for barn og unge, men kostnader forbundet med deltakelse kan føre til at enkelte grupper ekskluderes. Målet med denne studien var å undersøke om familiens sosioøkonomiske status (SØS) hadde betydning for deltakelse i ferdighetsutviklende organiserte fritidsaktiviteter ... -
Do patients assigned to multidisciplinary examination differ from patients assigned to monodisciplinary examination at the University Hospital of Northern Norway? - The Norwegian neck and back registry 2018
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-11-30)Background: Back pain is a very common disability. 60-80% of the population in Norway will experience LBP during their life. 30-50% of all people report neck pain during a year. Most back pain has no pathoanatomical diagnosis and is considered a multifactorial condition where biopsychosocial factors influence pain. “Yellow flags” are used in guidelines referring to psychosocial risk-factors for ...
