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dc.contributor.authorHavnes, Kjerstin
dc.contributor.authorLehnbom, Elin
dc.contributor.authorWalter, Scott R.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia, Beate
dc.contributor.authorHalvorsen, Kjell H.
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-30T12:31:52Z
dc.date.available2021-06-30T12:31:52Z
dc.date.issued2021-04-30
dc.description.abstractIntroduction - An expected future increase in older adults will demand changes in health care delivery, making development, implementation and evaluation of new health care models essential. The rationale for political decision-making concerning the implementation and application of interventions in health care should include cost estimations, specifically those involving clinical interventions. To provide such data knowledge of time spent on the intervention is imperative. Time and motion methodology is suitable to quantify health care personnel’s time distribution.<p> <p>Aim - To investigate the time distribution for pharmacists conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) implementing a clinical intervention.<p> <p>Materials and methods - The setting was an RCT with a 5-step pharmacist-intervention in collaboration with the interdisciplinary team in a geriatric ward. Two pharmacists were involved in the trial during the observation period. Pharmacist activities, classified as RCT-tasks (intervention or administrative), non-RCT tasks and social/breaks, were recorded applying the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing methodology, enabling recording of predefined work tasks as well as interruptions and multitasking. One observer collected data over eight weeks.<p> <p>Results - In total, 109.1 hours were observed resulting in 110.2 hours total task time, including multitasking. RCT tasks comprised 85.4% of the total observed time, and nearly 60% of the RCT time was spent on intervention tasks. Medication reviews was the most time consuming task, accounting for 32% of the observed time. The clinical pharmacists spent 14% of the intervention time communicating verbally, mainly with patients and healthcare professionals.<p> <p>Conclusion - During the RCT, the clinical pharmacists spent about half their time performing the actual intervention. Consequently, costs for providing such a clinical pharmacist service should reflect actual time spent; otherwise, we may risk overestimating theoretical costs.en_US
dc.identifier.citationHavnes K, Lehnbom EC, Walter, Garcia B, Halvorsen KH. Time distribution for pharmacists conducting a randomized controlled trial — An observational time and motion study.. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(4)
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1911173
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250898
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/21644
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.ispartofHavnes, K. (2022). Optimising drug therapy in older patients. Exploring different approaches across the patient pathway. (Doctoral thesis). <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27431>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27431</a>
dc.relation.journalPLOS ONE
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical, dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710::Pharmacology: 728en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Farmakologi: 728en_US
dc.titleTime distribution for pharmacists conducting a randomized controlled trial — An observational time and motion study.en_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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