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dc.contributor.authorAntonsen, Tarjei
dc.contributor.authorMann, Ingrid
dc.contributor.authorVaverka, Jakub
dc.contributor.authorNouzak, Libor
dc.contributor.authorFredriksen, Åshild
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-25T08:44:28Z
dc.date.available2021-08-25T08:44:28Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-15
dc.description.abstractWe investigate the generation of charge due to collision between projectiles with sizes below ∼1 µm and metal surfaces at speeds ∼0.1 to 10 km s−1. This corresponds to speeds above the elastic limit and well below speeds where volume ionization can occur. Impact charge production at these low to intermediate speeds has traditionally been described by invoking the theory of shock wave ionization. By looking at the thermodynamics of the low-velocity solution of shock wave ionization, we find that such a mechanism alone is not sufficient to account for the recorded charge production in a number of scenarios in the laboratory and in space. We propose a model of capacitive contact charging that involves no direct ionization, in which we allow for projectile fragmentation upon impact. Furthermore, we show that this model describes measurements of metal–metal impacts in the laboratory well. We also address contact charging in the context of ice-on-metal collisions and apply our results to rocket observations of mesospheric dust. In general, we find that contact charging dominates at speeds of up to a few kilometres per second and complements shock wave ionization up to speeds where direct ionization can take place. The conditions that we consider can be applied to dust particles naturally occurring in space and in Earth's upper atmosphere and their direct impacts on rockets, spacecraft, and impacts of secondary ejecta.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAntonsen, Mann, Vaverka, Nouzak, Fredriksen. A comparison of contact charging and impact ionization in low-velocity impacts: implications for dust detection in space. Annales Geophysicae. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1928480
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/angeo-39-533-2021
dc.identifier.issn0992-7689
dc.identifier.issn1432-0576
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/22239
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCopernicus Publicationsen_US
dc.relation.journalAnnales Geophysicae
dc.relation.projectIDNorges forskningsråd: 275503en_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/ROMFORSK/ 262941/Norway/Cosmic dust in the solar-terrestrial physics: exploring the inner heliosphere//en_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/FRINATEK/275503/Jurisdiction/Norway/Mesospheric Dust in the Small Size Limit: Radar Studies, Model Calculations and Supporting Observations/en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Physics: 430en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430en_US
dc.titleA comparison of contact charging and impact ionization in low-velocity impacts: implications for dust detection in spaceen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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