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dc.contributor.authorGlüge, Juliane
dc.contributor.authorLondon, Rachel
dc.contributor.authorCousins, Ian T.
dc.contributor.authorDewitt, Jamie
dc.contributor.authorGoldenman, Gretta
dc.contributor.authorHerzke, Dorte
dc.contributor.authorLohmann, Rainer
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Mark
dc.contributor.authorNg, Carla A.
dc.contributor.authorPatton, Sharyle
dc.contributor.authorTrier, Xenia
dc.contributor.authorWang, Zhanyun
dc.contributor.authorScheringer, Martin
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-08T12:15:30Z
dc.date.available2021-12-08T12:15:30Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-05
dc.description.abstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of substances for which there are widespread concerns about their extreme persistence in combination with toxic effects. It has been argued that PFAS should only be employed in those uses that are necessary for health or safety or are critical for the functioning of society and where no alternatives are available (“essential-use concept”). Implementing the essential-use concept requires a sufficient understanding of the current uses of PFAS and of the availability, suitability, and hazardous properties of alternatives. To illustrate the information requirements under the essential-use concept, we investigate seven different PFAS uses, three in consumer products and four industrial applications. We investigate how much information is available on the types and functions of PFAS in these uses, how much information is available on alternatives, their performance and hazardous properties and, finally, whether this information is sufficient as a basis for deciding on the essentiality of a PFAS use. The results show (i) the uses of PFAS are highly diverse and information on alternatives is often limited or lacking; (ii) PFAS in consumer products often are relatively easy to replace; (iii) PFAS uses in industrial processes can be highly complex and a thorough evaluation of the technical function of each PFAS and of the suitability of alternatives is needed; (iv) more coordination among PFAS manufacturers, manufacturers of alternatives to PFAS, users of these materials, government authorities, and other stakeholders is needed to make the process of phasing out PFAS more transparent and coherent.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGlüge, London, Cousins, Dewitt, Goldenman, Herzke, Lohmann, Miller, Ng, Patton, Trier, Wang, Scheringer. Information Requirements under the Essential-Use Concept: PFAS Case Studies. Environmental Science and Technology. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1951951
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.est.1c03732
dc.identifier.issn0013-936X
dc.identifier.issn1520-5851
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/23318
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_US
dc.relation.journalEnvironmental Science and Technology
dc.relation.projectIDEC/H2020: 860665en_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/860665/Sweden/Innovative Training Network on PER and polyfluorinated alkyl substances towards the Future Of Research and its Communication in Europe 3/PERFORCE3/en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480en_US
dc.titleInformation Requirements under the Essential-Use Concept: PFAS Case Studiesen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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