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dc.contributor.authorSchrage, Benedict
dc.contributor.authorRübsamen, Nicole
dc.contributor.authorOjeda, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorThorand, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorPeters, Annette
dc.contributor.authorKoenig, Wolfgang
dc.contributor.authorSöderberg, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorSöderberg, Maja
dc.contributor.authorMathiesen, Ellisiv B.
dc.contributor.authorNjølstad, Inger
dc.contributor.authorKee, Frank
dc.contributor.authorLinneberg, Allan
dc.contributor.authorKuulasmaa, Kari
dc.contributor.authorPalosaari, Tarja
dc.contributor.authorSalomaa, Veikko
dc.contributor.authorBlankenberg, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorZeller, Tanja
dc.contributor.authorKarakas, Mahir
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-08T10:32:56Z
dc.date.available2022-02-08T10:32:56Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-05
dc.description.abstractAims - Although absolute (AID) and functional iron deficiency (FID) are known risk factors for patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease, their relevance for the general population is unknown. The aim was to assess the association between AID/FID with incident CV disease and mortality in the general population.<p> <p>Methods and results - In 12 164 individuals from three European population-based cohorts, AID was defined as ferritin < 100 μg/L or as ferritin < 30 μg/L (severe AID), and FID was defined as ferritin < 100 μg/L or ferritin 100–299 μg/L and transferrin saturation < 20%. The association between iron deficiency and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), CV mortality, and all-cause mortality was evaluated by Cox regression models. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated. Median age was 59 (45–68) years; 45.2% were male. AID, severe AID, and FID were prevalent in 60.0%, 16.4%, and 64.3% of individuals. AID was associated with CHD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.39, P = 0.01], but not with mortality. Severe AID was associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.12–1.46, P < 0.01), but not with CV mortality/CHD. FID was associated with CHD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07–1.43, P < 0.01), CV mortality (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54, P = 0.03), and all-cause mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.24, P = 0.03). Overall, 5.4% of all deaths, 11.7% of all CV deaths, and 10.7% of CHD were attributable to FID.<p> <p>Conclusions - In the general population, FID was highly prevalent, was associated with incident CHD, CV death, and all-cause death, and had the highest PAF for these events, whereas AID was only associated with CHD and severe AID only with all-cause mortality. This indicates that FID is a relevant risk factor for CV diseases in the general population.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSchrage, Rübsamen, Ojeda F, Thorand B, Peters A, Koenig W, Söderberg S, Söderberg, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad i, Kee F, Linneberg A, Kuulasmaa K, Palosaari T, Salomaa V, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Karakas M. Association of iron deficiency with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population. ESC Heart Failure. 2021;8(6):4584-4592en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1986038
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ehf2.13589
dc.identifier.issn2055-5822
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/23955
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.journalESC Heart Failure
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/278913/Norway/Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe/BIOMARCARE/en_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/242244/Norway/Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States/CHANCES/en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.titleAssociation of iron deficiency with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general populationen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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