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dc.contributor.advisorAlstadhaug, Karl Bjørnar
dc.contributor.authorBenjaminsen, Espen
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-06T09:29:46Z
dc.date.available2022-04-06T09:29:46Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-25
dc.description.abstract<p><i>Background:</i> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe chronic inflammatory disease in the central nervous system, mainly affecting young adults. The prevalence varies between different parts of the world, but the general rule is that it increases with increasing latitude. Studies on comorbid conditions in MS are limited, but this topic have gained increasing interest. <p><i>Aims:</i> To describe the occurrence of MS in Nordland County, and explore the extent to which the number of registered cases of MS in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) corresponds to the actual number of MS patients in the county. To study the occurrence of comorbid conditions in the same MS population. <p><i>Methods:</i> Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies with the use of the electronic medical record system at the Nordland Hospital Trust in Bodø combined with data from the NPR. <p><i>Results:</i> The average yearly incidence per 100 000 was 0.7 during the period 1970 – 1974 and 10.1 in the period 2005 – 2009. The prevalence was 270.5 per 100 000 as of January 1, 2017. For an individual with MS to be correctly registered in the NPR, the sensitivity was 0.97, and for an individual in the NPR to have MS the positive predictive value was 0.92. The Cohen’s kappa was 0.94. The prevalence of active epilepsy was 3.2 % in those with MS living in the county as of January 1, 2010. In the MS patients correctly registered in the NPR as of January 1, 2017, epilepsy was found in 2.8 %, inflammatory bowel disease in 1.3 % and non-melanoma skin cancer in 1.7 %. <p><i>Conclusion:</i> The occurrence of MS has been increased during the whole period from 1970 to 2017, and the prevalence in Nordland is now as high as in southern regions of Norway. The number of MS patients in Nordland registered in the NPR corresponds well with the actual number of MS patients in the county. The prevalence of epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease and non-melanoma skin cancer is increased compared to what is found in the general Norwegian population.en_US
dc.description.abstract<p><i>Bakgrunn:</i> Multippel sklerose (MS) er en alvorlig kronisk inflammatorisk sykdom i sentralnervesystemet, som i hovedsak rammer unge voksne. Prevalensen varierer mellom ulike deler av verden, men hovedregelen er at den øker med økende breddegrad. Komorbide tilstander ved MS har vært forholdsvis lite studert, men dette har fått økende interesse i løpet av de siste årene. <p><i>Mål:</i> Å beskrive forekomsten av MS i Nordland, og undersøke i hvilken grad tallene for registrerte tilfeller av MS i Norsk Pasient Register (NPR) samsvarer med det reelle antall MS pasienter i fylket. Undersøke forekomsten av komorbide tilstander i MS populasjonen. <p><i>Metode:</i> Tverrsnitts- og longitudinelle studier gjort ved bruk av Nordlandssykehusets elektroniske journalsystem kombinert med data fra NPR. <p><i>Resultater:</i> Den gjennomsnittlige årlige insidensen per 100 000 var 0.7 i perioden 1970-1974 og 10.1 i perioden 2005-2009. Prevalensen var 270.5 per 100 000 den 1. januar 2017. Sensitiviteten for at en person med MS skal være korrekt registrert i NPR var 0.97, og den positive prediktive verdien for at en person registrert i NPR faktisk har MS, var 0.92. Cohens kappa var 0.94. Prevalensen av aktiv epilepsi var 3.2 % blant MS pasientene bosatt i fylket 1. januar 2010. Av MS-pasientene som var korrekt registrert i NPR 1. januar 2017, hadde 2.8 % epilepsi, 1.3 % hadde inflammatorisk tarmsykdom og 1.7 % hadde non-melanom hudkreft. <p><i>Konklusjon:</i> Forekomsten av MS har vært økende i hele perioden fra 1970 til 2017, og prevalensen i Nordland er nå like høy som i områder sør i Norge. Antall MS-pasienter i Nordland registrert i NPR samsvarer godt med det reelle antallet MS-pasienter i fylket. Prevalensen av epilepsi, inflammatorisk tarmsykdom og non-melanom hudkreft er økt sammenlignet med hva man finner i den generelle norske befolkningen.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractThis thesis describes the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and comorbid conditions in Nordland from 1970 to 2017. The data were used to validate the diagnosis of MS in the National Patient Registry (NPR). Throughout the study period, we observe a 10-fold increase in the incidence of MS, and a near 20-fold increase in the prevalence of MS. In 2017, the prevalence in Nordland was 271 per 100 000. The number of MS patients reported in the NPR corresponds well to the real number in the Nordland population. In general, the occurrence of MS increases with increasing latitude, but such a gradient has previously been found opposite in Norway. This thesis discards this «Scandinavian paradox». The occurrence of epilepsy and inflammatory bowel disease is confirmed increased in MS, and the prevalence of non-melanoma skin cancers was also found significantly higher than in the Norwegian general population.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/24720
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper 1: Benjaminsen, E., Olavsen, J., Karlberg, M. & Alstadhaug, K.B. (2014). Multiple sclerosis in the far north - incidence and prevalence in Nordland County, Norway, 1970-2010. <i>BMC Neurology, 14</i>(1), 226. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-014-0226-8>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-014-0226-8</a>. <p>Paper 2: Benjaminsen, E., Myhr, K.M., Grytten, N. & Alstadhaug, K.B. (2019). Validation of the multiple sclerosis diagnosis in the Norwegian Patient Registry. <i>Brain and Behavior, 9</i>(11), e01422. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17629> https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17629</a>. <p>Paper 3: Benjaminsen, E., Myhr, K.M. & Alstadhaug, K.B. (2017). The prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in patients with multiple sclerosis in Nordland county, Norway. <i>Seizure – European Journal of Epilepsy, 52</i>, 131-135. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2017.09.022>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2017.09.022</a>. <p>Paper 4: Benjaminsen, E., Myhr, K.M., Grytten, N. & Alstadhaug, K.B. (2020). Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis patients from Nordland County, Norway - validated data from the Norwegian Patient Registry. <i>Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 48</i>, 102691. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102691>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102691</a>. Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24709>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24709</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)
dc.subject.courseIDDOKTOR-003
dc.subjectMedisinen_US
dc.subjectNevrologien_US
dc.subjectEpidemiologien_US
dc.subjectMultippel skleroseen_US
dc.titleMultiple sclerosis in Northern Norway, epidemiology and comorbidityen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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