Radiative transfer is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing. Analytic solutions to the radiative ...

The demanding physical conditions of the Arctic, remote location, and uncertainty regarding the travel time can both heighten the challenges related to transportation of spare part in the region. Managing to get the appropriate path for transportation of spare parts for oil and gas industries in the region, is one of the major and demanding tasks. In this paper we develop the concept of ...

The hazards associated with ice accretion primarily due to impinging freezing sea spray on ship structures are considered among serious safety concerns for ships operating in the colder regions. An accurate sea-spray icing-estimation model to evaluate the ice accumulation during operations in these regions can make marine operations safer. The accuracy of the present icing models for estimating icing ...

Marine noise reduction tends to be challenging and requires a comprehensive engineering approach. The soundproofing materials for marine noise reduction are usually exposed to high temperatures, potential fluid or oil spills, engine maintenance and a high airflow environment. This work looks into the acoustic proofing properties of a non-toxic material ‘SK One Component Polyurethane’ developed by ...

This study considers the energy use and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at three fish processing companies, representing a seasonal small-scale whitefish processing industry within the Norwegian coastal fisheries. The primary objective is to analyse the energy use in small-scale processing of whitefish and to provide energy requirements for primary processing, freezer and freezer storage, ...

It is well understood that sea ice is one of the biggest problems for the safety and reliability of ships and marine structures operating in the Arctic. Specially designed ships, also known as ‘icebreakers’, are usually used to clear ice to make way for merchant and cruise ships. Even then, the ship’s staff must be extremely careful with speed and steering. Heavy impacts of ice result in fatigue and ...

Russia has experienced population decline in years and the economic development in Russia is largely restricted by labor shortage, particularly for the Far North and East region. In order to explore the migration mechanisms, six socioeconomic factors were selected to explore the influences on the net migration. Data from the 82 regions covering four time periods (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015) was ...

Arbeidet i denne rapporten er et oppdrag fra Statens vegvesen i forbindelse med revisjon av verdsetting av luftkvalitet. Oppdraget var å bidra til at helsevirkninger av luftforurensning i større grad kan inkluderes i fremtidig økonomisk verdsetting av luftforurensning. Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) har gjennomført beregninger av sykdomsbyrde som følge av luftforurensning i Oslo. Estimater på for tidlige ...

This study proposes to determine the thermal conductivity of SK One Component Polyurethane (SKOCP) developed by China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research Beijing IWHR-KHL Co. Ltd. SKOCP provides excellent proof of aging and chemical resistance of this material. It is non-toxic, acts as a good anti-seepage, offers anti-abrasion and good anti-freezing performance. In addition, it has ...