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dc.contributor.authorKowal, Marta
dc.contributor.authorSorokowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorPisanski, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorValentova, Jaroslava Varella
dc.contributor.authorVarella, Marco A. C.
dc.contributor.authorFrederick, David A.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Shawaf, Laith
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Felipe E.
dc.contributor.authorGiammusso, Isabella
dc.contributor.authorGjoneska, Biljana
dc.contributor.authorKozma, Luca
dc.contributor.authorOtterbring, Anders Emil Tobias
dc.contributor.authorPapadatou-Pastou, Marietta
dc.contributor.authorPfuhl, Gerit
dc.contributor.authorStöckli, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorStudzinska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorToplu-Demirtas, Ezgi
dc.contributor.authorTouloumakos, Anna K.
dc.contributor.authorBakos, Bence E.
dc.contributor.authorBatres, Carlota
dc.contributor.authorBonneterre, Solenne
dc.contributor.authorCzamanski-Cohen, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorDacanay, Jovi C.
dc.contributor.authorDeschrijver, Eliane
dc.contributor.authorFisher, Maryanne L.
dc.contributor.authorGrano, Caterina
dc.contributor.authorGrigoryev, Dmitry
dc.contributor.authorKačmár, Pavol
dc.contributor.authorKozlov, Mikhail V.
dc.contributor.authorManunta, Efisio
dc.contributor.authorMassar, Karlijn
dc.contributor.authorMcFall, Joseph P.
dc.contributor.authorMebarak, Moises
dc.contributor.authorMiccoli, Maria Rosa
dc.contributor.authorMilfont, Taciano L.
dc.contributor.authorProkop, Pavol
dc.contributor.authorAavik, Toivo
dc.contributor.authorArriaga, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorBaiocco, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorCenek, Jiri
dc.contributor.authorCetinkaya, Hakan
dc.contributor.authorDuyar, Izzet
dc.contributor.authorGuemaz, Farida
dc.contributor.authorIshii, Tatsunori
dc.contributor.authorKamburidis, Julia A.
dc.contributor.authorKhun-Inkeeree, Hareesol
dc.contributor.authorGrassini, Simone
dc.contributor.authorNyhus, Ellen K.
dc.contributor.authorSiepelmeyer, Henrik
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Sangeeta
dc.contributor.authorLidborg, Linda H.
dc.contributor.authorManor, Hagar
dc.contributor.authorNussinson, Ravit
dc.contributor.authorOmar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian B.
dc.contributor.authorPazhoohi, Farid
dc.contributor.authorPonnet, Koen
dc.contributor.authorCaetano Santos, Anabela
dc.contributor.authorSenyk, Oksana
dc.contributor.authorSpasovski, Ognen
dc.contributor.authorVintila, Mona
dc.contributor.authorWang, Austin H.
dc.contributor.authorYoo, Gyesook
dc.contributor.authorZerhouni, Oulmann
dc.contributor.authorAmin, Rizwana
dc.contributor.authorAquino, Sibele
dc.contributor.authorBoğa, Merve
dc.contributor.authorBoussena, Mahmoud
dc.contributor.authorCan, Ali R.
dc.contributor.authorCan, Seda
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Rita
dc.contributor.authorChirumbolo, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorCoker, Ogeday
dc.contributor.authorCornec, Clément
dc.contributor.authorDural, Seda
dc.contributor.authorEder, Stephanie J.
dc.contributor.authorMoharrampour, Nasim Ghahraman
dc.contributor.authorHristova, Evgeniya
dc.contributor.authorIkizer, Gözde
dc.contributor.authorKervyn, Nicolas
dc.contributor.authorKoyuncu, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorKunisato, Yoshihiko
dc.contributor.authorLins, Samuel
dc.contributor.authorMandzyk, Tetyana
dc.contributor.authorMari, Silva
dc.contributor.authorMattiassi, Alan D. A.
dc.contributor.authorMemisoglu-Sanli, Aybegum
dc.contributor.authorMorelli, Mara
dc.contributor.authorNovaes, Felipe C.
dc.contributor.authorParise, Miriam
dc.contributor.authorBanai, Irena Pavela
dc.contributor.authorPerun, Mariia
dc.contributor.authorPlohl, Nejc
dc.contributor.authorsahli, Fatima Zahra
dc.contributor.authorŠakan, Dušana
dc.contributor.authorSmojver-Azic, Sanja
dc.contributor.authorSöylemez, Sinem
dc.contributor.authorÇağlar, Solak
dc.contributor.authorToyama, Asako
dc.contributor.authorWlodarczyk, Anna
dc.contributor.authorYamada, Yuki
dc.contributor.authorAbad-Villaverde, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorAfhami, Reza
dc.contributor.authorAkello, Grace
dc.contributor.authorAlami, Nael H.
dc.contributor.authorAlma, Leyla
dc.contributor.authorArgyrides, Marios
dc.contributor.authorAtamtürk, Derya
dc.contributor.authorBurduli, Nana
dc.contributor.authorCardon, Sayra
dc.contributor.authorCarneiro, João
dc.contributor.authorCastaneda, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorChalatkiewicz, Izabela
dc.contributor.authorChopik, William J.
dc.contributor.authorChubinidze, Dimitri
dc.contributor.authorConroy-Beam, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorContreras-Garduño, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro da Silva, Diana
dc.contributor.authorDon, Yahya B.
dc.contributor.authorDonato, Silva
dc.contributor.authorDubrov, Dmitri
dc.contributor.authorDuračková, Michaela
dc.contributor.authorDutt, Sanjana
dc.contributor.authorEbimgbo, Samuel O.
dc.contributor.authorEstevan, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorEtchezahar, Edgardo
dc.contributor.authorFedor, Peter
dc.contributor.authorFekih-Romdhane, Feten
dc.contributor.authorFrackowiak, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorGalasinska, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorGargula, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorGelbart, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorYepes, Talia Gomez
dc.contributor.authorHamdaoui, Brahim
dc.contributor.authorHromatko, Ivana
dc.contributor.authorItibi, Salome N.
dc.contributor.authorJaforte, Luna
dc.contributor.authorJanssen, Steve M.J.
dc.contributor.authorJovic, Marija
dc.contributor.authorKertechian, Kevin S.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Farah
dc.contributor.authorKobylarek, Aleksander
dc.contributor.authorKoso-Drljevic, Maida
dc.contributor.authorKrasnodębska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorKrižanić, Valerija
dc.contributor.authorLanda-Blanco, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorMailhos, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorMarot, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorDorcic, Tamara Martinac
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Banfi, Martha
dc.contributor.authorYusof, MatRahimi
dc.contributor.authorMayorga-Lascano, Marlon
dc.contributor.authorMikuličiūtė, Vita
dc.contributor.authorMišetić, Katarina
dc.contributor.authorMusil, Bojan
dc.contributor.authorNajmussaqib, Arooj
dc.contributor.authorMuthu, Kavitha Nalla
dc.contributor.authorNatividade, Jean C.
dc.contributor.authorNdukaihe, Izuchukwu L.G.
dc.contributor.authorOberzaucher, Elisabeth
dc.contributor.authorOmar, Salma S.
dc.contributor.authorOstaszewski, Franciszek
dc.contributor.authorPacquing, Ma. Criselda T.
dc.contributor.authorPagani, Ariela F.
dc.contributor.authorPark, Ju Hee
dc.contributor.authorPirtskhalava, Ekaterine
dc.contributor.authorReips, Ulf-Dietrich
dc.contributor.authorReyes, Marc Eric S.
dc.contributor.authorRöer, Jan P.
dc.contributor.authorŞahin, Ayşegül
dc.contributor.authorSamekin, Adil
dc.contributor.authorSargautyte, Ruta
dc.contributor.authorSemenovskikh, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorSoltys, Alicja
dc.contributor.authorSorokowska, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorSoto-López, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorSultanova, Liliya
dc.contributor.authorTamayo-Agudelo, William
dc.contributor.authorTan, Chee-Seng
dc.contributor.authorTopanova, Gulmira T.
dc.contributor.authorBulut, Merve Topcu
dc.contributor.authorTrémolière, Bastien
dc.contributor.authorTulyakul, Singha
dc.contributor.authorTürkan, Belgüzar N.
dc.contributor.authorUrbanek, Arkadiusz
dc.contributor.authorVolkodav, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorWalter, Kathryn
dc.contributor.authorYakoob, Mohd Faiz Mohd
dc.contributor.authorZumárraga-Espinosa, Marcos
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-09T13:48:06Z
dc.date.available2022-11-09T13:48:06Z
dc.date.issued2022-09-06
dc.description.abstractPeople across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, rightwing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKowal, Sorokowski, Pisanski, Valentova, Varella, Frederick, Al-Shawaf, García, Giammusso, Gjoneska, Kozma, Otterbring, Papadatou-Pastou, Pfuhl, Stöckli, Studzinska A, Toplu-Demirtas E, Touloumakos, Bakos, Batres C, Bonneterre, Czamanski-Cohen J, Dacanay, Deschrijver E, Fisher ML, Grano C, Grigoryev D, Kačmár P, Kozlov MV, Manunta E, Massar K, McFall JP, Mebarak, Miccoli, Milfont TL, Prokop P, Aavik T, Arriaga P, Baiocco, Cenek, Cetinkaya H, Duyar I, Guemaz F, Ishii T, Kamburidis, Khun-Inkeeree, Grassini SG, Nyhus EK, Siepelmeyer H, Singh S. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries. Evolution and human behavior. 2022en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2054161
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003
dc.identifier.issn1090-5138
dc.identifier.issn1879-0607
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/27316
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.journalEvolution and human behavior
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.titlePredictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countriesen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)