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dc.contributor.advisorLind, Ranveig
dc.contributor.authorNygaard, Anne Mette
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-17T10:08:28Z
dc.date.available2022-11-17T10:08:28Z
dc.date.issued2022-12-13
dc.description.abstract<p><i>Background:</i> Critical illness not only disrupts the patient’s life, but also the lives of close family members. The care provided by ICU nurses and physicians can reduce the family members’ burden and improve the patient's outcome. Previous research shows that although ICU families generally report high satisfaction, there are several barriers to family care and areas for improvement. Family members miss emotional support and opportunities to become more involved in patient care. They also report problems with inconsistent information and poor communication with clinicians. This indicates that more knowledge is needed of existing ICU family care practices. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to explore ICU nurses’ and physicians’ individual and interprofessional strategies for providing care to the families of critically ill ICU patients, in order to enhance knowledge of existing ICU practices and hereby improve patient and family care. <p><i>Methods:</i> Data were gathered from July 2017 to August 2019, through participant observation, focus groups, dyadic and individual interviews of physicians and nurses from four ICUs in different Norwegian hospitals. In Papers 1 and 2, a constructivist grounded theory approach was used in the data analysis, while thematic narrative analysis was used in Paper 3. <p><i>Findings:</i> Papers 1, 2 and 3, respectively, describe how handovers, interprofessional care and an individual approach affect family care in the ICU. Together these articles show that family care in the ICU is an interprofessional responsibility, although an individual approach to families by nurses and physicians is crucial, and continuity in family care must be ensured by good information flow between clinicians. The study also indicates that family care in the ICU is largely based on clinicians’ experiences. <p><i>Conclusion:</i> The study demonstrates that ICU nurses and physicians show care and responsibility towards ICU families, although their family care strategies are mainly experiential and tacit. The study also reveals that despite the inherent unpredictability of ICU, family care can be facilitated by developing a family-friendly culture and environment. The ICU management has a vital role to play in enhancing nurses’ and physicians’ individual and interprofessional family care strategies by developing evidence-based guidelines and encouraging interprofessional dialogue and reflection.en_US
dc.description.abstract<p><i>Bakgrunn:</i> Akutt og kritisk sykdom påvirker ikke bare pasienten, men også pasientens pårørende. Ivaretakelse og omsorg fra intensivavdelingens sykepleiere og leger kan redusere belastningen på pårørende og forbedre pasientens utfall. Tidligere forskning viser at selv om intensivpasienters pårørende generelt rapporterer om høy tilfredshet, finnes det flere barrierer for ivaretakelse av pårørende og områder for forbedring. Pårørende savner emosjonell støtte og å bli involvert i pasientbehandlingen. De rapporterer også om inkonsekvent informasjon og dårlig kommunikasjon med sykepleiere og leger. Dette indikerer at det er behov for mer kunnskap om eksisterende praksis vedrørende ivaretakelse av intensivpasienters pårørende. Studiens overordnede mål var å utforske sykepleieres og legers individuelle og tverrprofesjonelle strategier overfor pårørende til kritisk syke intensivpasienter, for å øke kunnskapen om eksisterende ICU-praksis og dermed forbedre pasient- og familieomsorgen. <p><i>Metode:</i> Data ble samlet inn fra juli 2017 til august 2019, gjennom deltakende observasjon, fokusgrupper, dyadiske og individuelle intervjuer av leger og sykepleiere fra fire intensivavdelinger ved ulike norske sykehus. Konstruktivistisk grounded theory ble benyttet i artikkel 1 og 2, mens tematisk narrativ analyse ble benyttet i artikkel 3. <p><i>Funn:</i> Artikkel 1, 2 og 3 omhandler henholdsvis hvordan informasjonsoverføring, tverrprofesjonell omsorg og en individuell tilnærming påvirker pårørendearbeidet. Sammen viser artiklene at ivaretakelse av pårørende er et tverrprofesjonelt ansvar, samtidig som sykepleiernes og legenes individuelle tilnærming til pårørende er avgjørende og at kontinuitet i pårørendeomsorgen må sikres gjennom god informasjonsflyt mellom klinikerne. Studien indikerer at ivaretakelse av pårørende i stor grad er basert på klinikernes erfaringer. <p><i>Konklusjon:</i> Studien viser at intensivavdelingens sykepleiere og leger viser omsorg og ansvar for intensivpasienters pårørende. Deres pårørendestrategier er imidlertid hovedsakelig erfaringsbaserte og stilltiende. Studien avslører også at til tross for at arbeidshverdagen i intensivavdelingen er uforutsigbar, kan ivaretakelsen av pårørende forbedres ved å utvikle en familievennlig kultur og et familievennlig miljø. Intensivavdelingens ledelse spiller dessuten en viktig rolle i å styrke sykepleieres og legers individuelle og tverrprofesjonelle pårørendestrategier ved å utvikle evidensbaserte retningslinjer og oppmuntre til tverrprofesjonell dialog og refleksjon.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractCritical illness not only disrupts the patient’s life, but also the lives of close family members. The family care provided in intensive care units (ICU) by nurses and physicians can reduce the family members’ burden and hereby improve the patient's outcome. Through fieldwork and interviews with nurses and physicians, we have investigated family care practices in four ICUs in Norway. We found that the quality of family care depends on nurses’ and physicians’ attitudes, behavior, and personal traits, but also on their interprofessional collaboration and communication. Even though ICUs are unpredictable by nature, it is possible to facilitate family care in the ICU by developing a family-friendly culture and environment. Here, the ICU management has a vital role to play in enhancing nurses’ and physicians’ individual and interprofessional family care strategies by developing evidence-based guidelines and promoting interprofessional dialogue and reflection.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNorthern Norway Regional Health Authority (Grant No. HNF1365-17)en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/27396
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Nygaard, A.M., Haugdahl, H.S., Brinchmann, B.S. & Lind, R. (2020). Information concerning ICU patients’ families in the handover – The clinicians’ «game of whispers»: A qualitative study. <i>Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29</i>(19-20), 3822– 3834. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20391>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20391</a>. <p>Paper II: Nygaard, A.M., Haugdahl, H.S., Brinchmann, B.S. & Lind, R. (2022). Interprofessional care for the ICU patient’s family: solitary teamwork. <i>Journal of Interprofessional Care</i>. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25985>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25985</a>. <p>Paper III: Nygaard, A.M., Haugdahl, H.S., Laholt, H., Brinchmann, B.S. & Lind R. (2022). Professionals’ narratives of interactions with patients’ families in intensive care. <i>Nursing Ethics, 29</i>(4), 885-898. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26693>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26693</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Nursing science: 808en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Sykepleievitenskap: 808en_US
dc.subjectFamily careen_US
dc.subjectIntensive careen_US
dc.subjectQualitative researchen_US
dc.subjectConstructivist grounded theoryen_US
dc.titleFamily care strategies in an unpredictable ICU environment. ICU nurses’ and physicians’ interprofessional and individual strategies for critically ill ICU patients’ families – a qualitative studyen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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