Land use management in an indigenous rights context: Reindeer herding and tourism. The case of Jämtlandstriangeln

Abstract

This thesis studies a case of indigenous and non-indigenous relations in Jämtland, Sweden. The studied area is subject to multiple interests in land-use, and this study focuses on the relation between indigenous Sámi reindeer herding and outdoor tourism. The area has a long history of both mountain tourism and reindeer herding, but in recent years tourism has increased to new levels and the Sámi reindeer herders experience their industry being threatened by the high number of visitors. The study aims to clarify how land use in the area is perceived by the core actors, how it is managed and what the prospects of reaching a common ground regarding land governance are. The study was carried out through interviews with ten individuals mostly representing the core actors: Reindeer herders, the Swedish Tourist Association and the County Administration Board. The data is analyzed through a framework based on institutional theory. Explanatory factors for conflict on structural, institutional and discursive levels are identified. The study found that the actors perceive the land use in the area and their role in it somewhat differently, but that all wish for a sustainable land use management where indigenous rights are safeguarded. The lack of sharp legal tools to achieve this was pointed out as an impediment. A long history where indigenous rights have been systematically overlooked, in Jämtland as well as the rest of Swedish Saepmie, has led to a current situation prone to conflict. Dialogue and cooperation were found to be important tools for reaching a common ground regarding land governance. However, for the basis for an equal dialogue to appear, incorporation of international law on indigenous rights in Swedish national legislation is required. Despite internal challenges caused by a colonial history, recent developments regarding Sámi rights such as the Consultation Act and the Girjas verdict, are possibly providing ways forward.