Institutt for klinisk medisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 621-640 of 1804
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Use of probiotics to reduce infections and death and prevent colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria among newborn infants in Tanzania (ProRIDE Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-29)<i>Background</i> - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (ESBL-E) has emerged as an urgent global health threat and is by the World Health Organization ranked as priority 1 among pathogens in need of new treatment. Studies have shown high mortality in Tanzanian children with ESBL-E infections. Gut colonization of ESBL-E, which is a potential risk factor of ESBL-E ... -
A modified clot-based assay to measure negatively charged procoagulant phospholipids
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-29)Growing evidence supports a role for extracellular vesicles (EVs) in haemostasis and thrombosis due to exposure of negatively charged procoagulant phospholipids (PPL). Current commercial PPL-dependent clotting assays use chemically phospholipid depleted plasma to measure PPL activity. The purpose of our study was to modify the PPL assay by substituting the chemically phospholipid depleted plasma ... -
Vitamin D3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-31)Background: Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin ... -
Subjective symptoms and serum methadone concentrations: what should guide dose adjustments in methadone maintenance treatment? A naturalistic cohort study from Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-03)<i>Background</i> - There is little evidence-based guidance on how to optimize methadone dosages among patients with opioid addiction undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study aims to investigate whether self-perceived opioid withdrawal symptoms, adverse effects, and self-reported substance use in patients on MMT are related to serum methadone concentrations and the role that these ... -
Hysterektomi ved kraftige menstruasjonsblødninger: forenklet metodevurdering
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2021-06-10)Vi har på oppdrag fra Bestillerforum for nye metoder utarbeidet en forenklet metodevurdering om hysterektomi (kirurgisk fjerning av livmor) ved kraftige menstruasjonsblødninger. Dette er en pilot i et prosjekt innen revurdering som ledes av Helse Midt-Norge RHF. Vi har hentet ut resultater for effekt og sikkerhet og vurderinger av tillit til resultatene for effekt fra en rapport av The National ... -
Transfer of triptans into human breast milk and estimation of infant drug exposure through breastfeeding
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-17)Clinical data on the transfer of triptans into human breast milk remain scarce. In a lactation study including 19 breastfeeding women with migraine, we examined the excretion of six different triptans into milk. Following intake of a single dose, each participant collected seven breast milk samples at predefined intervals up to 24 hours after dose. Triptan concentrations in milk were measured using ... -
The cardiac impact of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in survivors of testicular cancer: A 30-year follow-up
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-05)Aims - Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) is essential in the treatment of metastatic testicular cancer (TC) but has been associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, cisplatin can be detected in the body decades after treatment. We aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of CBCT on cardiac function and morphology in TC survivors 30 years after treatment.< ... -
Rifaximin or Saccharomyces boulardii in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Results from the randomized GutHeart trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-28)Background - The gut microbiota represents a potential treatment target in heart failure (HF) through microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and systemic inflammation. Treatment with the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii have been suggested to improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).<p> <p>Methods - In a multicentre, prospective randomized open label, blinded ... -
GWAS for autoimmune Addison's disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-11)Autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Low prevalence and complex inheritance have long hindered successful genetic studies. We here report the first genome-wide association study on AAD, which identifies nine independent risk loci (P < 5 × 10−8). In addition to loci implicated in lymphocyte function and development shared with other ... -
Extending the usefulness of the verbal memory test: The promise of machine learning
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-19)The evaluation of verbal memory is a core component of neuropsychological assessment in a wide range of clinical and research settings. Leveraging story recall to assay neurocognitive function could be made more useful if it were possible to administer frequently (i.e., would allow for the collection of more patient data over time) and automatically assess the recalls with machine learning methods. ... -
Metabolic responses in neonatal sepsis—A systematic review of human metabolomic studies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-13)Aim - To systematically review human metabolomic studies investigating metabolic responses in septic neonates.<p> <p>Methods - A systematic literature search was performed in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library up to the 1st of January 2021. We included studies that assessed neonatal sepsis and the following outcomes; (1) change in the metabolism compared to healthy neonates and/or ... -
Evaluation of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L versions in low back pain patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-28)<p>Background: The EuroQol EQ-5D is one of the most widely researched and applied patient-reported outcome measures worldwide. The original EQ-5D-3L and more recent EQ-5D-5L include three and five response categories respectively. Evidence from healthy and sick populations shows that the additional two response categories improve measurement properties but there has not been a concurrent comparison ... -
Persistent level of mental distress in PTSD patients is not reflected in cytokine levels 1 year after the treatment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-27)<i>Objective</i>: Cross-sectional data show that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients often have increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers. There is, however, still a paucity of longitudinal studies with long follow-up times on levels of cytokines in such patients. The current study assesses patients with and without PTSD diagnosis 1 year after discharge from inpatient ... -
Blood Pressure Treatment in Kidney Transplant Recipients - Can We Improve?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-25)<i>Background</i> - Hypertension in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients is common, affecting both patient and graft survival. Annual data from the Norwegian Renal Registry reveal that <50% of adult (>18 y) KTx recipients reach target blood pressure (BP) ≤130/80 mm Hg. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of failure to achieve BP control.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - In conjunction ... -
How common is substandard obstetric care in adverse events of birth asphyxia, shoulder dystocia and postpartum hemorrhage? Findings from an external inspection of Norwegian maternity units
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-15)Introduction - The Norwegian Board of Health Supervision inspects healthcare institutions to ensure safety and quality of health and welfare services. A planned inspection of 12 maternity units aimed to investigate the practice of obstetric care in the case of birth asphyxia, shoulder dystocia and severe postpartum hemorrhage.<p> <p>Material and methods - The inspection was carried out at two ... -
HPyV6 and HPyV7 in urine from immunocompromised patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-22)Background - Human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) and HPyV7 are two of the novel polyomaviruses that were originally detected in non-diseased skin. Serological studies have shown that these viruses are ubiquitous in the healthy adult population with seroprevalence up to 88% for HPyV6 and 72% for HPyV7. Both viruses are associated with pruritic skin eruption in immunocompromised patients, but a role with ... -
DNA Damage Response
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-19) -
Fatigue in young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis 18 years after disease onset: data from the prospective Nordic JIA cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-12)Background: To study fatigue in young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 18 years after disease onset, and to compare with controls. Methods: Consecutive children with onset of JIA between 1997 and 2000, from geographically defined areas of Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland were followed for 18 years in a close to population-based prospective cohort study. Clinical features, ... -
DNA hypo-methylation facilitates anti-inflammatory responses in severe ulcerative colitis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-01)Severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is a potentially life-threatening disease with a potential colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between transcriptomic and genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in a well-stratified, treatment-naïve severe UC patient population in order to define specific epigenetic changes that could be responsible for the grade of disease ... -
The changing alcohol drinking patterns among older adults show that women are closing the gender gap in more frequent drinking: The Tromsø Study, 1994 – 2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-26)Background - As the population of older adults continues to grow, changes in alcohol consumption are important to monitor because an increase may have public health consequences. Rates of alcohol use vary with geographical location. The aim of this study was to examine trends in alcohol consumption among older adults in a geographically defined area in Norway, especially changing sex differences in ...