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dc.contributor.authorChaulagain, Ashmita
dc.contributor.authorLyhmann, Ingvild
dc.contributor.authorHalmøy, Anne
dc.contributor.authorWidding-Havnerås, Tarjei
dc.contributor.authorNyttingnes, Olav
dc.contributor.authorBjelland, Ingvar
dc.contributor.authorMykletun, Arnstein
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-22T12:42:41Z
dc.date.available2023-12-22T12:42:41Z
dc.date.issued2023-11-17
dc.description.abstractBackground. There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD.<p> <p>Methods. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria. <p>Results. The prevalence of ADHD was 7.2% for children and adolescents and 2.5% for adults, though with major uncertainty due to methodological variation in the existing literature. There is evidence for both biological and social risk factors for ADHD, but this evidence is mostly correlational rather than causal due to confounding and reverse causality. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on symptom reduction in the shortterm, particularly for stimulants. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in mitigating adverse life trajectories such as educational attainment, employment, substance abuse, injuries, suicides, crime, and comorbid mental and somatic conditions. Pharmacotherapy is linked with side effects like disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, and increased blood pressure, but less is known about potential adverse effects after long-term use. Evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments is mixed. <p>Conclusions. Despite hundreds of systematic reviews on ADHD, key questions are still unanswered. Evidence gaps remain as to a more accurate prevalence of ADHD, whether documented risk factors are causal, the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on any outcomes, and pharmacotherapy in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with ADHD.en_US
dc.identifier.citationChaulagain, Lyhmann, Halmøy, Widding-Havnerås, Nyttingnes, Bjelland, Mykletun. A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e90en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2208748
dc.identifier.doi10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2451
dc.identifier.issn0924-9338
dc.identifier.issn1778-3585
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/32244
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCambridge University Pressen_US
dc.relation.journalEuropean psychiatry
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2023 The Author(s)en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.titleA systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorderen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Med mindre det står noe annet, er denne innførselens lisens beskrevet som Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)