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dc.contributor.advisorBirgisdottir, Åsa Birna
dc.contributor.authorGodtliebsen, Gustav
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-30T15:05:30Z
dc.date.available2023-12-30T15:05:30Z
dc.date.embargoEndDate2026-01-11
dc.date.issued2024-01-11
dc.description.abstractMitochondria are the main energy producing units (organelles) in cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes). Cardiomyocytes have especially high mitochondrial content due to the heart’s continuous energy-intensive pumping. Studies of heart disease (such as heart failure) indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is central to disease progression. There are many cellular mechanisms that protect mitochondria from harm and dysfunctional mitochondria can be removed. These mechanisms are the cell´s tools for quality control of mitochondrial function. How these quality control mechanisms function in the human heart is still not fully known. The preferred substrates consumed by the adult heart for sustaining beating are fatty acids, converted to energy by the mitochondria. Fatty acids can be stored within cells in lipid droplets for controlled use. An overabundance of lipid droplets is associated with cardiomyopathy in patients with diseases such as obesity or diabetes mellitus. The cellular response to, and mechanisms for resolving, lipid droplet overabundance in cardiac cells remain poorly understood. In the works constituting this thesis, we applied rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and human inducible pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as cardiac cell models. In the cardiomyoblasts, we investigated mitophagy and mitochondrial derived vesicles, constituting different mitochondrial quality controls. Furthermore, we studied lipid droplet accumulation, degradation, and interaction with mitochondria in both cell models. For these purposes we utilized different advanced microscopy techniques. Our findings reveal that mitochondria in cells with increased mitochondrial respiration display elevated activity in the targeted quality control mechanisms. Furthermore, cells engaged in increased mitochondrial respiration accumulate less lipid droplets in response to lipid loading treatments. We also detected dynamic and close interactions between mitochondria and lipid droplets. Our work provides important insights and contributes to understanding mitochondria quality control mechanisms and the role of lipid droplets in the heart.en_US
dc.description.abstractMitokondrier er hovedprodusentene for energi i hjerteceller (kardiomyocytter). Kardiomyocytter har spesielt høyt mitokondrielt innhold på grunn av hjertets kontinuerlige energikrevende pumping. Studier av hjertesykdommer (som hjertesvikt) indikerer at mitokondriell dysfunksjon er sentral for sykdomsprogresjonen. Det finnes mange cellulære mekanismer som beskytter mitokondrier mot skade, inkludert blant disse er mekanismer for fjerning av dysfunksjonelle mitokondrier. Disse mekanismene er cellens verktøy for kvalitetskontroll av mitokondriefunksjonen. Hvordan disse kvalitetskontrollmekanismene fungerer i det menneskelige hjertet er fortsatt ikke fullstendig forstått. Det foretrukne substratet som forbrukes av det voksne hjertet for å opprettholde hjerteslag er fettsyrer som blir konvertert til energi av mitokondrier. Fettsyrer kan lagres av celler i lipiddråper for kontrollert bruk. En overflod av lipiddråper er assosiert med kardiomyopati hos pasienter med sykdommer som fedme eller diabetes mellitus. Den cellulære responsen på, og mekanismene for å løse, overflod av lipiddråper i hjerteceller er fortsatt dårlig forstått. I arbeidene som utgjør denne avhandlingen brukte vi rotte H9c2 kardiomyoblaster og menneskelige kardiomyocytter avledet fra induserbare pluripotente stamceller som hjertecellemodeller. I kardiomyoblastene undersøkte vi mitofagi og mitokondrielle vesikler, som representerer forskjellige mitokondrielle kvalitetskontrollmekanismer. Videre studerte vi lipiddråpe akkumulering, nedbrytning og interaksjon med mitokondrier i begge cellemodellene. For disse formålene brukte vi forskjellige avanserte mikroskopiteknikker. Våre funn avslører at mitokondrier i celler med økt mitokondriell respirasjon viser økt aktivitet i de undersøkte kvalitetskontrollmekanismene. Videre akkumulerer celler som er engasjert i økt mitokondriell respirasjon mindre lipiddråper som respons på lipidbelastning. Vi observerte også dynamiske og nære interaksjoner mellom mitokondrier og lipiddråper. Vårt arbeid gir viktige innsikter og bidrar til å forstå mitokondrielle kvalitetskontrollmekanismer og rollen til lipiddråper i hjertet.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractMitochondria are the main energy producers in heart muscle cells, which have many mitochondria to power the heart’s energy-intensive pumping. Studies of heart disease (such as heart failure) indicate mitochondrial dysfunction is central to disease progression. Cells have ways to keep their mitochondria healthy, including removing unhealthy mitochondria. How this quality control works in the heart is still not fully known. To power the heart requires a lot of energy which comes from turning fatty acids (preferably) into energy in the mitochondria. Fatty acids can be stored in lipid droplets for controlled use. Too many lipid droplets are detrimental to cells and associated with cardiomyopathy in patients with obesity or diabetes. Our use of advanced microscopy techniques to explore mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and lipid droplet accumulation in cardiac cells shed light on how these processes function in the heart. Our results will pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/32271
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Godtliebsen, G., Larsen, K.B., Bhujabal, Z., Opstad, I.S., Nager, M., Punnakkal, A.R., … Birgisdottir, A.B. (2023). High-resolution visualization and assessment of basal and OXPHOS-induced mitophagy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. <i>Autophagy, 19</i>(10), 2769-2788. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29770>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29770</a>. <p>Paper II: Opstad, I.S., Godtliebsen, G., Ahluwalia, B.S., Myrmel, T., Agarwal, K. & Birgisdottir, A.B. (2022). Mitochondrial dynamics and quantification of mitochondria-derived vesicles in cardiomyoblasts using structured illumination microscopy. <i>Journal of Biophotonics, 15</i>(2), e202100305. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23283>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23283</a>. <p>Paper III: Godtliebsen, G., Larsen, K.B., Bhujabal, Z., Nager, M., Kalstad, T.B., Olsen, R., Myrmel, T. & Birgisdottir, A.B. A study of mitochondria and lipid droplet interplay in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts and hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes. (Manuscript).en_US
dc.relation.isbasedonOpstad, I.S. (2021). 3DSIM data of mitochondria in the cardiomyoblast cell-line H9c2 adapted to either glucose or galactose. DataverseNO, V2, <a href=https://doi.org/10.18710/PDCLAS>https://doi.org/10.18710/PDCLAS</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsembargoedAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectmitochondriaen_US
dc.subjectmitophagyen_US
dc.subjectadvanced microscopyen_US
dc.subjectlipid dropletsen_US
dc.subjectmitochondrial derived vesiclesen_US
dc.subjectCLEMen_US
dc.titleExploring mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions in cardiac cell modelsen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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